iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2024

Abstract: Introduction: The study addresses the escalating global challenge of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), attributing its rise to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It emphasizes the critical role of lifestyle choices—diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption—in influencing T2DM risk. By investigating the long-term effects of these lifestyle factors, the research aims to inform prevention strategies and public health policies, highlighting the importance of modifiable risk factors in managing T2DM prevalence. Methods: This prospective cohort study explored the relationship between lifestyle factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk over.....

Keyword: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking, Mediterranean diet, Alcohol

[1] Nagassou M, Mwangi Rw, Nyarige E. A Hybrid Ensemble Learning Approach Utilizing Light Gradient Boosting Machine And Category Boosting Model For Lifestyle-Based Prediction Of Type-Ii Diabetes Mellitus. Journal Of Data Analysis And Information Processing. 2023 Sep 19;11(4):480-511.
[2] Rachdaoui N. Insulin: The Friend And The Foe In The Development Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences. 2020 Mar 5;21(5):1770.
[3] Standl E, Khunti K, Hansen Tb, Schnell O. The Global Epidemics Of Diabetes In The 21st Century: Current Situation And Perspectives. European Journal Of Preventive Cardiology. 2019 Dec 1;26(2_Suppl):7-14.
[4] Sirdah Mm, Reading Ns. Genetic Predisposition In Type 2 Diabetes: A Promising Approach Toward A Personalized Management Of Diabetes. Clinical Genetics. 2020 Dec;98(6):525-47.
[5] Wu Y, Ding Y, Tanaka Y, Zhang W. Risk Factors Contributing To Type 2 Diabetes And Recent Advances In The Treatment And Prevention. International Journal Of Medical Sciences. 2014;11(11):1185.

Abstract: Background: Total knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is the mainstay of treatment for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis. It can be done with or without tourniquet. We conducted a prospective comparative study to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of tourniquet, either long duration tourniquets or short duration tourniquets, during TKA and provide evidence-based conclusions on the use of tourniquet in TKA. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized comparative study on 60 patients (120 knees) who operated for bilateral......

Keywords: Total knee arthroplasty, Long duration tourniquet, Short duration tourniquet, KSS Score, KOOS Score.

[1] Vadher K, Knight R, Barker Kl, Dutton Sj. Community-Based Rehabilitation After Knee Arthroplasty (Corka): Statistical Analysis Plan For A Randomised Controlled Trial. Trials. 2018;19(1):638.
[2] Jenkins Pj, Clement Nd, Hamilton Df, Gaston P, Patton Jt, Howie Cr. Predicting The Cost-Effectiveness Of Total Hip And Knee Replacement: A Health Economic Analysis. Bone Joint J. 2013;95-B(1):115-121.
[3] Bjorgul K, Novicoff Wm, Saleh Kj. Evaluating Comorbidities In Total Hip And Knee Arthroplasty: Available Instruments. J Orthoptraumatol 2010;11:203– 209.
[4] Aglietti P, Baldini A, Vena Lm, Abbate R, Fedi S, Falclani M. Effect Of Tourniquet Use On Activation Of Coagulation In Total Knee Replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;371:169-177.

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a global vaccination effort to control the spread of the virus and mitigate its impact. In Bangladesh, multiple vaccines have been deployed to achieve widespread immunity. This literature review aims to synthesize findings on vaccine side effects, public perception, acceptance, and the effectiveness of the vaccination campaign in Bangladesh. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies focusing on the side effects.....

Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Side Effects, Public Perception, Bangladesh, Vaccine Acceptance, Public Health

[1] Harapan H, Itoh N, Yufika A, Winardi W, Keam S, Te H, Et Al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Literature Review. Journal Of Infection And Public Health. 2020 May 1;13(5):667–73.
[2] Mathieu E, Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E, Roser M, Hasell J, Appel C, Et Al. A Global Database Of Covid-19 Vaccinations. Nat Hum Behav. 2021 Jul;5(7):947–53.
[3] Haque Mma, Rahman Ml, Hossian M, Matin Kf, Nabi Mh, Saha S, Et Al. Acceptance Of Covid-19 Vaccine And Its Determinants: Evidence From A Large Sample Study In Bangladesh. Heliyon [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1 [Cited 2024 May 25];7(6). Available From: Https://Www.Cell.Com/Heliyon/Abstract/S2405-8440(21)01479-1
[4] Abedin M, Islam Ma, Rahman Fn, Reza Hm, Hossain Mz, Hossain Ma, Et Al. Willingness To Vaccinate Against Covid-19 Among Bangladeshi Adults: Understanding The Strategies To Optimize Vaccination Coverage. Plos One. 2021 Apr 27;16(4):E0250495.
[5] Nazmunnahar, Ahamed B, Haque Mda, Tanbir Md, Roknuzzaman Asm, Sarker R, Et Al. Covid‐19 Vaccination Success In Bangladesh: Key Strategies Were Prompt Response, Early Drives For Vaccines, And Effective Awareness Campaigns. Health Sci Rep. 2023 May 17;6(5):E1281

Abstract: Aim To determine the prevalence of hard and soft tissue lesions biopsied in the Department of Oral maxillofacial surgery at the Government Vellore Medical College and hospital. Study design A retrospective descriptive study was made with the biopsies and surgery performed between 2019 and 2023. From total of 292 samples, 257 were included in the study. The data with missing reports were excluded from the study. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, location of the lesion, biopsy technique, and histological results obtained using SPSS software.....

Keywords: oral lesions, biopsy, hard tissue lesion, soft tissue lesions

[1] Melrose Rj, Handlers Jp, Kerpel S, Summerlin Dj, Tomich Cj, American Academy Of Oral And Maxillifacial Pathology. The Use Of Biopsy In Dental Practice. The Position Of The American Academy Of Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology. Gen Dent. 2007;55(5):457-61.
[2] Fierro-Garibay C, Almendros-Marqués N, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Prevalence Of Biopsied Oral Lesions In A Department Of Oral Surgery (2007-2009) J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3:E73–7
[3]Ulaganthan G, Babu S S, Asok Kumar Rs. Retrospective Analysis Of Oral And Maxillofacial Biopsies : An Institutional Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020 Aug; 12(Suppl 1): S468–S471.
[4] Kniest G, Stramandinoli Rt, Avila Lfdc, Izidoro Ac. Frequency Of Oral Lesions Diagnosed At The Dental Specialties Center Of Tubarao (Sc). Rsbo. 2011;8(1):13-8.
[5] Jahanbani J, Sandvik L, Lyberg T, Ahlfors E. Evalu- Ation Of Oral Mucosal Lesions In 598 Referred Iranian Patients. Open Dent J 2009 27;3:42-7.

Abstract: Background:For female pelvic pathologies, ultrasonography remains as primary investigational imaging modality. But, sometime the findings can be inaccurate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can offer detailed and more accurate pelvic findings, which can avoid unseemly and unsuitable surgeries. Hence we focused to differentiate various pelvic pathologies by ultrasonography and MRI. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 94 referred female cases to department of Radiodiagnosisof more than 18 years with.....

Keywords:Pelvic masses, Ultrasonography, Magnetic resonance imaging

[1]. Haggerty Af, Hagemann Ar, Chu C, Siegelman Es, Rubin Sc. Correlation Of Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis With Pathology For Indeterminate Adnexal Masses. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2014 Sep;24(7):1215-21.
[2]. Patel P, Vaishnav K, Qureshi Z. Magnetic Resonance Evaluation & Characterization Of Gynaecological Pathologies With Their Ultrasound Correlation. 3 International Journal Of Contemporary Medical Research International Journal Of Contemporary Medicine Surgery And Radiology. 2020;5(3):143-148
[3]. Vijetha V, Munikumari T. Comparative Role Of Mri & Usg In Evaluating Female Pelvic Pathologies And Its Correlation With Operative/Histopathology Findings. Journal Of Advanced Medical And Dental Sciences Research. 2017 Mar 1;5(3):96.
[4]. Balan P. Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In The Assessment Of Pelvic Pathology. European Journal Of Radiology. 2006 Apr 1;58(1):147-55.

Abstract: Background :scrotal swelling is a sign of various pathological conditions including injury, infection or testicular tumour. Acute scrotal swelling is a potential emergency. It is a common problem occurring in almost all age groups in male, but most of them present late due to associated social stigma. Aim: to study the age distribution of the disease in adults, clinical presentation, surgical managements and to evaluate the complications in tertiary care centre of north east india. Materials and methods: a....

Keywords: scrotal swellings, North East India, surgical interventions, hydrocele

[1] Carmignani, L. (2017). Scrotal Diseases. In Ferrara A., Carrera S. (Eds.),Emergency Urology (Pp. 419-433). Springer.
[2] Singh J, Singh Ap. Surgical Treatment Of Cystic Swellings Of Scrotum And Its Management:A Clinico-Pathological Study. Asian Journal Of Medical Research. 2019;8(1).
[3] Pawar U, Gubbi S. Clinical Evaluation And Management Of Scrotal Swelling. Int Surg J.2021 Dec;8(12):3601-3605.
[4] H.R Y, G Ln, N N, R Mm, T. M. M. "A Clinicopathological Study And Surgical Management Of Cystic Swellings Of Scrotum In Rural Hospital." Journal Of Evolution Of Medical And Dental Sciences. 2013;2(17):2776–85.
[5] Munda Vs, Murmu Nn, Kumar S, Bhengra A, Korah Mk, Kumar R. Clinical Profile Of Scrotal Swellings In Jharkhand, India: Our Experience Of Four Rural Health Camps. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017;5(1):244.

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle, with diet playing a key role in its progression. Research highlights the impact of dietary patterns, such as high intake of processed foods and red meat, on CKD risk, whereas diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may reduce this risk. The study aims to investigate these relationships further, exploring how diet affects CKD through mechanisms like blood pressure regulation and inflammation. Methods: This prospective....

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Dietary Patterns, Disease Progression, Renal Health, Diet-Related Risk Factors

[1] Zhong J, Yang Hc, Fogo Ab. A Perspective On Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. American Journal Of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2017 Mar 1;312(3): F375-84.
[2] Simopoulos Ap. Dietary Changes And Their Influence In The Development Of Kidney Disease. Kidney And Dialysis. 2022 Mar 29;2(2):131-7.
[3] Luyckx Va, Tuttle Kr, Garcia-Garcia G, Gharbi Mb, Heerspink Hj, Johnson Dw, Liu Zh, Massy Za, Moe O, Nelson Rg, Sola L. Reducing Major Risk Factors For Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International Supplements. 2017 Oct 1;7(2):71-87.
[4] Kelly Jt, Palmer Sc, Wai Sn, Ruospo M, Carrero Jj, Campbell Kl, Strippoli Gf. Healthy Dietary Patterns And Risk Of Mortality And Esrd In Ckd: A Meta-Analysis Of Cohort Studies. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology: Cjasn. 2017 Feb 2;12(2):272.
[5] Gallieni M, Cupisti A. Dash And Mediterranean Diets As Nutritional Interventions For Ckd Patients. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases. 2016 Dec 1;68(6):828-30.

Abstract: Background: Chelating agents used for removing the smear layer shows reduction in root dentin microhardness and can impact the sealer's adhesion to root dentin walls. Reduced dentin microhardness weakens the root structure, resulting in the fracture of the endodontically treated tooth. In this study, chelating agents from natural sources have been used to assess the root dentin microhardness. There are no previous studies comparing 10%.....

Keywords: Chitosan, Glycolic acid, Microhardness

[1]. Rath Pp, Yiu Cky, Matinlinna Jp, Kishen A, Neelakantan P. The Effect Of Root Canal Irrigants On Dentin: A Focused Review. Restor Dent Endod. 2020;45(3):E39.
[2]. Shahravan A, Haghdoost Aa, Adl A, Rahimi H, Shadifar F. Effect Of Smear Layer On Sealing Ability Of Canal Obturation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2007;33:96-105
[3]. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Arathi G, Roohi R, Anand S. Effects Of Various Final Irrigants On The Shear Bond Strength Of Resin-Based Sealer To Dentin. J Conserv Dent 2011;14(1):40-2.
[4]. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Wang Z, Gao Y. Irrigation In Endodontics. Br Dent J 2014;216:299–303.
[5]. Hegde, Vibha R, Pranav Thakkar. Effect Of Continuous Soft Chelating Irrigation Protocol On Removal Of Smear Layer. Endodontology 2019;31:63 - 67.

Abstract: Keloid and hypertrophic scars are two common conditions seen in surgical specialties outpatient departments because of impairment in the wound healing process. Keloid is benign tissue that arises from fibroblast proliferation following skin injury. The common sites include the trunk, head and neck regions. In the head and neck region pinna is among the frequent sites with an incidence of 2.5% following ear piercing.1 In the Indian population, the incidence of pinna keloid is 10-20 %, with female preponderance mainly because of the practice of multiple ear piercings to adorn jewelry. Though asymptomatic in most of the patients, cosmetic concerns bring the patients to........

[1] Wang Jc, Fort Cl, Hom Db. Location Propensity For Keloids In The Head And Neck. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med. 2020 Jun 8.
[2] Guglitz Gg, Korting Hc, Pavicic T Et Al. Hypertrophic Scarring And Keloids:Pathomechanisms And Current And Emerging Treatment Strategies. Molecular Medicine.2011;17(1-2):113-125.
[3] Chaithanya V, Kavtha Y, Basavaraju Kp Et Al. A Retrospective Study Of Demographic Profile Of Keloid Over The Pinna In Central Karnataka. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018;4:726-9.
[4] Sobec R, Dobreanu C, Fodor L Et Al. Ear Keloids: A Review And Update Of Treatment Options. Clujul Med.2013;86(4):313-7.
[5] Hunasagi S, Koeru A, Vanishree M Et Al. Keloid: A Case Report And Review Of Pathophysiology And Differences Between Keloid And Hypertrophic Scars. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013 Jan Apr;17(1):116-120

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (dm) represents a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The global prevalence of diabetes has been on the rise, making it a significant public health challenge. Complications of diabetes are multifaceted, affecting various organs and systems in the body. Among these complications, anemia has emerged as a condition that is both a contributor to and a consequence of diabetic pathology. The prevalence of anemia in diabetic patients is higher than in the general population, which has implications for the management and outcomes of these patients.1....

[1] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis And Classification Of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan 1;33 (Supplement_1):S62-9.
[2] Bekele A, Teji Roba K, Egata G, Gebremichael B. Anemia And Associated Factors Among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Public Hospitals In Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Plos One. 2019 Dec 5;14(12):E0225725.
[3] Kumar M, Dev S, Khalid Mu, Siddenthi Sm, Noman M, John C, Akubuiro C, Haider A, Rani R, Kashif M, Varrassi G. The Bidirectional Link Between Diabetes And Kidney Disease: Mechanisms And Management. Cureus. 2023 Sep 20;15(9).
[4] Mehdi U, Toto Rd. Anemia, Diabetes, And Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul 1;32(7):1320-6.
[5] Olum R, Bongomin F, Kaggwa Mm, Andia-Biraro I, Baluku Jb. Anemia In Diabetes Mellitus In Africa: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Sep 1;15(5):102260