iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2024

Abstract: Osteomyelitis is a significant cause of morbidity in children throughout the world. Multiple imaging modalities can be used to evaluate for suspected osteomyelitis, however magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has distinct advantages over other modalities given its ability to detect early changes related to osteomyelitis, evaluate the true extent of disease, depict extraosseous spread of infection, and help guide surgical management. MRI has assumed a greater role in the evaluation of osteomyelitis with the increase in musculoskeletal infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococ-cus aureus which have unique imaging features that are well-demonstrated with MRI. This review focuses primarily on the use of MRI in the evaluation of osteomyelitis in children and will include a discussion of the clinically important and characteristic findings on MRI of acute bacterial osteomyelitis and related conditions.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Osteomyelitis; Pediatrics Infectious diseases.

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Abstract: Rotator cuff tears are a frequent cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction, often requiring interventions beyond standard therapies. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, leveraging the regenerative properties of concentrated platelets. This study evaluates the efficacy of PRP infiltration in patients with rotator cuff tears. We enrolled 40 patients, assessing outcomes in pain relief, functional improvement, and tendon healing..

[1] Mazzocca, A. D., Mccarthy, M. B., Chowaniec, D. M., Cote, M. P., Romeo, A. A., Bradley, J. P., & Arciero, R. A. (2012). The Positive Effects Of Different Platelet-Rich Plasma Methods On Human Muscle, Bone, And Tendon Cells. American Journal Of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 1742-1749.
[2] Kesikburun, S., Tan, A. K., Yilmaz, B., Yasar, E., & Yazicioglu, K. (2013). Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections In The Treatment Of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 1-Year Follow-Up. American Journal Of Sports Medicine, 41(11), 2609-2616.
[3] Randelli, P. S., Arrigoni, P., Ragone, V., Aliprandi, A., & Cabitza, P. (2014). Platelet-Rich Plasma In Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Rct Study, 2-Year Follow-Up. Journal Of Shoulder And Elbow Surgery, 23(2), 145-152.
[4] Vavken, P., Sadoghi, P., Murray, M. M., & Schmid, S. L. (2015). Effectiveness Of Platelet-Rich Plasma In Rotator Cuff Repair: A Meta-Analysis. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery, 97(16), 1463-1472.
[5] Warth, R. J., Dornan, G. J., James, E. W., & Horan, M. P. (2015). Clinical And Structural Outcomes Of Platelet-Rich Plasma For Rotator Cuff Tears: A Meta-Analysis. Arthroscopy: The Journal Of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 31(2), 306-320.

Abstract: Background: Salivary gland tumors are the most complex and diverse of any organ in the body that constitutes 0.3% of all malignancies and 2%–6.5% of the head-and-neck tumor. Approximately 64%–80% of all primary epithelial salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid gland and rest in other salivary glands. The incidence of a parotid tumor is between 1 and 3 cases/100,000/year. Surgery is the main stay of treatment in parotid tumors. Fear of facial nerve injury may lead to inadequate surgery and a high recurrence rate. Materials and Methods: A retrospective clinicopathological study was undertaken at Assam Medical College and Hospital amongst the patients presenting with a swelling in the parotid region. A detailed history and examinations were noted.....

Key Word: Parotid gland tumors, parotidectomy

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Abstract: Usher syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital neurosensory hearing loss and progressive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), leading to vision impairment. Classified into three types based on the severity of hearing loss and age of onset of retinal degeneration, Usher syndrome affects approximately 2–6 individuals per 100,000 worldwide. Diagnosis of the subtype retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento (RPSP), which lacks typical pigmentary changes, is particularly challenging, often resulting in delayed recognition, especially when accompanied by congenital deafness.(1).....

Keywords: Usher syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal disease, macula edema, genetic disorder

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Abstract: The midline fracture in a denture is often a result of flexural fatigue. Impact failure usually occurs out of the mouth as a result of sudden blow to the denture or accidental dropping while cleaning, coughing or sneezing. For this reason, the transverse strength and impact strength are selected as most relevant to evaluate the strength of repaired denture base resins. A clinician's first choice of approach in an event of broken denture would be repair of the existing denture, rather than opting for a new prosthesis, as the patient would be habituated with function and comfort an old prosthesis delivers. Background....

Keywords: Denture, Midline Fracture, Repair

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[4] Shimizu H, Kurtz Ks, Yoshinaga M, Takahashi Y, Habu T. Effect Of Surface Preparations On The Repair Strength Of Denture Base Resin. Int Chin J Dent. 2002;2:126-33.
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Abstract: Background: Parental approval of various Behavioral Guidance Techniques (BGTs) can vary among cultures and socioeconomic norms within the same society This study aims to assess the acceptance of some BGTs by parents of pediatric patients attending a governmental hospital and some private dental clinics in Cairo, Egypt. Materials and Methods: This study involved 140 parents and was divided into two groups: Group P: parents accompanied their children.....

Keywords: Behavioral-Guidance-Techniques, Behavior management, Parental acceptance, Child.

[1]. American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry. Behavior Guidance For The Pediatric Dental Patient. The Reference Manual Of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy Of Pediatric Dentistry; 2023:359-77.
[2]. Anderson Rj, Bloch S, Armstrong M, Stone Pc, Low Jt. Communication Between Healthcare Professionals And Relatives Of Patients Approaching The End-Of-Life: A Systematic Review Of Qualitative Evidence. Palliat Med. 2019;33(8):926-41.
[3]. Appukuttan Dp. Strategies To Manage Patients With Dental Anxiety And Dental Phobia: Literature Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2016;8:35-50.
[4]. Guideline On Use Of Nitrous Oxide For Pediatric Dental Patients. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35(5):E174-8.
[5]. Suma Sogi Hp, Hugar Sm, Nalawade Tm, Sinha A, Hugar S, Mallikarjuna Rm. Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices Of Oral Health Care In Prevention Of Early Childhood Caries Among Parents Of Children In Belagavi City: A Questionnaire Study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(2):286-90

Abstract: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome where there is an excess loss of proteins in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). It can occur in many clinical conditions. Management of PLE is complex and challenging and requires a team approach. The characteristic finding in PLE is a loss of serum proteins into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, resulting in hypoproteinemia with subsequent low oncotic pressure, leading to edema, pleural effusions.....

[1] Umar Sb, Dibaise Jk. Protein-Losing Enteropathy:.

Abstract: Background: Meckel's Diverticulum is a true diverticulum of small gut as it has got all layers of the small intestine and also contains ectopic gastric mucosa [1].It is the most commonest congenital abnormality of the gastro intestinal tract and has been reported in up to 1–3% of patients [2]. It is generally asymptomatic and is usually discovered incidentally during surgery [1]. However, hemorrhagic, inflammatory, and small gut obstruction complication are oftern encountered.In our study we present a complete Meckel's Diverticulum extending from anti mesenteric border of distal Ileum to umbilicus having a small stump near gut but with large fibrous band resulting in acute small gut obstruction needing emergency exploration followed by resection anastomosis.

Keywords: Meckel's Diverticulum, Small Bowel Obstruction, Short Stump & Large Fibrous Band, Resection Anastomosis

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Abstract: Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory condition of the pancreas characterized by prolonged inflammation leading to irreversible damage, resulting in both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). This report presents the case of a 47-year-old female with a history of recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. Diagnostic imaging revealed findings consistent with chronic calcific pancreatitis. Despite medical management, including pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), the patient experienced recurrent.....

Keywords: Atrophy of Pancreas, Chronic Pancreatitis (CP), Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI), Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT)

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[3] Garg P, Tandon Rk. Survey On Chronic Pancreatitis In The Asia-Pacific Region. Journal Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2004; 19: 998–1004.
[4] Midha S, Et Al. Chronic Pancreatitis In India: Phenotypic Characterization And Strong Genetic Susceptibility Due To Spink1 And Cftr Gene Mutations. Gut 2010; 59: 800–807..

Abstract: A 15-year-old patient presented with the diagnosis of closed tuberculous pleural effusion on the right, established in a profile institution based on imaging examination. Diagnosis was confirmed by GeneXpert MTB/RIF test and positive pleural fluid culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After a preoperative preparation with the relative normalization of laboratory indices, the patient underwent minimally invasive surgery.....

Keywords: empyema; tuberculous; pleural; VATS; children

[1]. Goussard P., Morrison J., Appel J.N., Andronikou S. Loculated Empyema Due To Tuberculosis In A Child. Bmj Case Rep. 2017. Doi:10.1136/Bcr-2017-220315.
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[3]. Shaw J.A., Diacon A.H., Koegelenberg C.F. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Respirology. 2019. 24:962-71. [4]. Baipai J., Tewari J., Roy S., Verma A.K., Verma S.P., Kant S. Pyopneumothorax Secondary To Pulmonary Tuberculosis Superadded By Congenital Factor Xiii Deficiency: A Case Report. Cureus. 2023. 15(10):E47350. Doi: 10.7759/Cureus.47350.
[5]. Wang J-L., Zhou M., Zhang Y-A., Wang M-S. Loculations And Associated Risk Factors Of Childhood Pleural Tuberculosis. Front. Pediatr. 2021. 9:781042. Doi: 10.3389/Fped.2021.781042.

Abstract: Hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare but clinically significant condition that can manifest with a variety of symptoms, including pain, clicking, and functional limitations. This case report presents the clinical course of a 19-year-old female patient presenting with chronic orofacial pain and joint instability attributed to hypermobility of the TMJ. Through a comprehensive evaluation including patient history, clinical examination, and diagnostic imaging, hypermobility of the TMJ was confirmed. Conservative management strategies, including patient education, occlusal splint therapy, and physical therapy, were implemented to alleviate symptoms and improve functional outcomes........

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Abstract: Background: Few studies have been conducted to assess trends in fixed partial dentures practiced by private dental practitioners in Coimbatore. According to many studies, most dentists using commercial dental laboratories make very unsatisfactory tooth preparations and send impressions that are very inaccurate Materials and Methods: A grand total of 160 questionnaires, each comprising 15 questions, were distributed to diverse practitioners in Coimbatore. Out of this batch, a remarkable 142 questionnaires were duly completed. Results: The findings indicated that the majority of dental professionals utilize alginate for diagnostic impressions, with 88.2% employing gingival cord for retraction. Additionally, some practitioners opt for rotary curettage, followed by 55% who utilize addition silicone.....

Keywords: Fixed partial dentures, Impression materials, Impression techniques, Gingival retraction

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Abstract: Background: Streptococcus viridans is one of the normal flora found in the oral cavity. These bacteria can cause infection in dry socket and cause odontogenic infections in the oral cavity. Streptococcus viridans can cause the formation of dental plaque and caries. Steptococcus viridans can synthesize polysaccharides such as dextran from sucrose to form attachments with other bacteria so that they can colonize and form dental plaque which can cause dental caries. Method: Data were analyzed by One Way Anova test and Post Hoc Test. The results of data analysis using ANOVA showed a p-value of 0.00 in inhibition, which means that curcuma extract from turmeric (Curcuma domestica val.) rhizome can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus viridans......

Keywords: Streptococcus viridans, Turmeric Rhizome, Antibacterial.

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Abstract: Background: Gallbladder cancer was first described in 1777 [1] .But even after 247 years later,late diagnosis and absence of effective treatment for many patients remain typical feature of this disease [2] . Although it is rare disease, with annual incidence estimated to be 1 to 2 per 100,000 [3] , with approximately 2500 annual deaths in a country like India [4] . Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low survival rate. Almost all cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage beyond whev surgical cure is impossible.Gallbladder cancer mimics or coexists with gallstone disease and is often missed.50% of gallbladder carcinoma is diagnosed intraoperatively.Aims & Objective: So early diagnosis including strict scrutiny of such symptomatic patients is essential for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of gallbladder cancer.......

Keywords: Gall Bladder,Gall Bladder Carcinoma,Metastases,Early Diagnosis,Cholecystectomy.

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Abstract: To study the role of diagnostic imaging techniques in diagnosis and evaluation of peri-anal fistula and to correlate the imaging findings with surgical findings. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in GCS medical college, Ahmedabad which included 50 patients with clinical suspicion of peri-anal fistula. MRI was done using 1.5 tesla GE signa explorer machine including standard scan protocol over a period of 12 months from January 2023-December 2023......

Keywords: Ano-rectal fistula, Inter-sphincteric, MRI, Trans-sphincteric.

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