iosr-JDMS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2024

Abstract: The antibioties Macrolide, Lincosamide, and Streptogramin (MLS) are chemically different, but they have similar inhibitory effects on bacterial protein synthesis. MLS antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of Gram-positive infections. However, due to their widespread use, there has been an increase in the number of MLS antibiotic-resistant staphylococci strains1. Clindamycin is an alternative drug for Staphylococcus aureus infections in case of Intolerance to penicillin or resistance to methicillin. Furthermore, clindamycin represents an attractive option for several....

[1]. Lina G. Quaglia A. Reverdy ME, Leclercq R. Vandenesch F and Etienne J. Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides.lincosamidesand streptograminsamongstaphylococci Antimicro Agents 1999,43:1062- 1066.
[2]. Tristan. A. Bes M. Meugnier H. Lina G, Bozdogan B, Courvalin P. Reverdy ME Enright MC, Vandenesch F. Etienne J.Globaldistribution of Panton Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007: 13(1):594 600.
[3]. Delialioglu N. Aslan G. Ozturk C. Baki V. Sen S and Emekdas G. Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococci isolated fromClinicalSamples.Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58:104- 106.
[4]. Jenssen WD, Thakker-Varia, Dublin DT and Weinstein MP. Prevalence of macrolide- lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance andermgenesclassesamongelinicalstrainsofStaphylococciandStreptococci.Amtimicr ob Agents Chemother. 1987;31:883-888.
[5]. Fiebelkorn KR. Crawford SA, McElmeel ML. Jogerson JH. Practical disk diffusion method for detection of inducible clindamycinresistancein Staphylococcusaureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol.2003;41:4740-4744.

Abstract: Acute pulpitis is a common dental condition characterized by inflammation and severe pain in the dental pulp. It is crucial to manage acute pulpitis promptly to relieve pain and prevent further damage to the tooth structure. Topical fluorides have been widely used in dentistry to promote remineralization, strengthen enamel, and prevent dental caries. However, their potential role in the management of acute pulpitis remains relatively unexplored. This article aims to review the current literature on the use of topical fluorides in acute pulpitis and discuss their potential benefits......

Keywords: acute pulpitis, dental pain, topical fluorides, fluoride varnish, dental caries, mouth rinse

[1]. Belcher RW, et al. Topical fluoride for caries prevention: Executive summary of the updated clinical recommendations and supporting systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144(11):1279-1291.
[2]. Chow AW, et al. Antibacterial effects of topical fluoride therapy: a literature review. Gen Dent. 2012;60(5):367-371.
[3]. Marinho VC, et al. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD002782.
[4]. Tschoppe P, et al. Topical fluorides: effects on physicochemical surface properties and erosive mineral loss of enamel in vitro. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15(3):383-391.
[5]. Parnell C, et al. Antimicrobial properties of fluoride-releasing materials for caries prevention: a systematic review. Dent Mater. 2010;26(2):85-96

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections cause global health threats and challenges. People with chronic HBV and/or HCV infection remain infectious to others and are at risk of serious liver disease such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) later in life. There are several known high-risk groups for acquiring HBV or HCV infection, these include people who require blood or blood products, people who inject drugs, people who have multiple sexual partners, and new-born from HBV or HCV infected mothers.....

Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, HBV, HCV, Students, Tertiary institution.

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO, 2015 ). Hepatitis B Fact Sheet No 204. Cited 2015, June 29t Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO, 2021). Hepatitis B Key facts. Cited 2021, August 29. Available from: www.who.int/news-room/facts-sheets/hepatitis-b
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO, 2021). Hepatitis C Key facts. Cited 2021, August 29. Available from: www.who.int/news-room/facts-sheets/hepatitis-c
[4]. World Health Organization. (2016). Hepatitis B fact sheet No 204. 2016. Cited 2016, October 31, Available from www.who.int/tofics/hepatitis/factsheet/e n
[5]. World Health Organization (WHO) Global hepatitis report, 2017. Cited 2020, 24 November. Available at: https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/, World Health Organization (WHO 2023). Hepatitis B Key Facts. Cited 2nd August 2023

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This case report of Ossifying fibroma (OF), It comprises a non-cancerous fibro-osseous lesion marked by gradual growth and the development of fibrous cellular tissue, bone, cement, or a mixture thereof. This article includes clinical findings, Radhiographical and histological investigations along with the treatment.
CASE REPORT: A 42 year old male patient reported with a swelling in the lower left back tooth region. He primarily reported worsening facial deformity, pain, and difficulty with opening her mouth. His Medical, Dental and family history was.....

KEYWORDS- Ossifying fibroma; Fibro-osseous lesions; Panoromic; Tomography

[1]. Makkad RS, Naidu GS, Nagi R, Sagtani A, Patil S, Shrivastava S: Multiple fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a report of a rare case with a literature review. Imaging Sci Dent. 2021, 51:461-6. [2]. Jih MK, Kim JS: Three types of ossifying fibroma: a report of 4 cases with an analysis of CBCT features. Imaging Sci Dent. 2020, 50:65-71.
[3]. Andriola et al: Ossifying fibroma: Case report. Rev Odonto Cienc 2017;32(1):54-59.
[4]. Paiva JG, Böing F, Benaglia MB, Nascimento A. Fibroma ossifying: report of 2 cases. Rev Cir Traumatol Buco-Maxilo-fac. 2009;9:33-40.
[5]. Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Chole R, Parikh RV, Balsaraf S. Ossifying fibroma of the jaws: report of two cases and literature review. Oral Oncol. 2011;47:804-9.

Abstract: Quinolones, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, have significantly impacted the treatment of bacterial infections since their discovery in the 1960s. Despite their efficacy in adults, the use of quinolones in pediatric practice remains contentious due to potential side effects and the emergence of resistance. This review explores the historical context, classification, mechanisms of action, and resistance patterns associated with quinolones, particularly focusing on their use in children. Key case studies highlight clinical scenarios where quinolones are employed, emphasizine....

Keywords: Quinolones, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Antibiotic resistance, Public Health

[1]. Patel, S. J., & Poretz, D. M. (2001). The role of quinolones in pediatric infections. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 20(10), 973-974.
[2]. Mandell, G. L., Bennett, J. E., & Dolin, R. (2010). Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (7th ed.). Churchill Livingstone.
[3]. Bhutta, Z. A., & Mintz, E. D. (2010). Enteric fever in children: The implications of acquired resistance to ciprofloxacin. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 29(3), 223-225.
[4]. World Health Organization. (2018). Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 93(13), 153-172.
[5]. Parry, C. M., Hien, T. T., Dougan, G., White, N. J., & Farrar, J. J. (2002). Typhoid fever. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(22), 1770-1782.

Abstract: In recent years, advancements in dental materials have paved the way for a paradigm shift in pediatric dentistry. This article explores the emergence and potential of bioactive materials in improving dental treatments for children. Bioactive materials offer unique advantages over traditional materials by promoting re mineralization and enhancing tissue integration. These materials not only restore but actively contribute to the health and longevity.....

Keywords: Re mineralization, Bio active materials, Pediatric dentistry, Antimicrobial, Pulp vitality

[1]. Deeksha Grotra, Subbarao CV et al. Bio active materials used in endodontics. Recent Research in Science and Technology. 2012; 4(6):25-27.
[2]. Mqazzaoui et al. Incorporation of CPP-ACP into GIC. J Dent Res. 2003; 82(11):914-8.
[3]. Eda S. Histochemical analysis on the mechanism of dentin formation in dog's pulp. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll.1961; 2:59-88.
[4]. Rose RK. Effects of an anticariogenic casein phosphopeptide on calcium diffusion in streptococcal model dental plaques. Arch Oral Biol. 2000; 45:569-575.
[5]. Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. Biofunctional Properties of Caseino phosphopeptides in the Oral Cavity. Caries Res.2012; 46:234-267

Abstract: Malaria is caused by obligatory intracellular parasites belonging to the Plasmodium genus.. Even though there are more than 120 species of Plasmodium, only five—P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi—are known to infect humans. P. falciparum is the most prevalent and causes over 90% of malaria-related deaths .The transmission occurs through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito, which acts as a vector for the disease. Although extremely rare, human-to-human transmission can happen by organ transplants, blood transfusions, needle stick injuries in medical facilities, or vertical transmission from mother to child. The parasite enters red blood cells, or erythrocytes, and multiplies there over the course of its intricate life cycle. The parasite directly consumes.....

Keywords: Plasmodium, Imported malaria, Severe malaria, Malaria transmission, Rapid diagnostic test. Molecular diagnosis

[1]. Anastasia S. Weilandcorresponding Recent advances in diagnosis of Malaria. Springer Nature Published online 2023 Apr 12. doi: 10.1007/s40138-023-00264-5
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Abstract: Seronegative spondyloarthropathy is a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in which axial skeleton is primarily affected. The first and hallmark manifestation for diagnosis of seronegative spondyloarthropathy is involvement of sacroiliac joint. They may present with sacroiliitis, inflammatory arthritis, spondylitis and enthesitis, as well as extra-articular manifestations of inflammation most commonly involving the eye, skin and gastrointestinal tract [1]. MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of seronegative spondyloarthropathies by providing detailed information of structural and inflammatory changes in form of sacroiliitis, erosions, spinal inflammation etc. It.....

Keywords: Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international society; magnetic resonance imaging; sacroiliitis; seronegative; spondyloarthropathy sacroiliitis

[1]. Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, eds. Disorders of the immune system, connective tissue, and joints. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 15th ed, part 12. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill, 2002:1805–2018
[2]. Rudwaleit, M., van der Heijde, D., Landewé, R., Akkoc, N., Brandt, J., Chou, C. T., ... & Dougados, M. (2011). The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 70(1), 25-31.
[3]. Rudwaleit, M., van der Heijde, D., Landewé, R., Listing, J., Akkoc, N., Brandt, J., ... & Sieper, J. (2009). The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(6), 777-783.
[4]. A consensual approach by the ASAS/OMERACT MRI group. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 68(10), 1520-1527.
[5]. Bennett, A. N., Marzo-Ortega, H., Tan, A. L., Hensor, E. M. A., Green, M. J., & Emery, P. (2009). The first follow-up study using high-field magnetic resonance imaging to assess the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy in the sacroiliac joints in spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatology, 48(11), 1098-1103.

Abstract: The notion of biomimetics in dentistry has a lot of importance, and many studies have been conducted, either to modify the existing material or to develop new material. It is more likely to be successful, have a better prognosis, and have superior biocompatibility if the lost dental tissue is replaced rather than mild replacement with dental materials. Dentin, enamel, cementum, and pulp that have been lost could be successfully replaced through biomimetic dentistry, opening a new era of dentistry. The last few decades have seen tremendous growth in the....

Keywords: Direct pulp capping, Indirect pulp capping, Proroot MTA, MTA Angelus, Retromta, Biodentine, Theracal LC, Melatonin, Vital pulp therapy

[1]. Paryani M, Bhojwani PR, Ikhar A. Evolution of Biomimetic Approaches for Regenerative and Restorative Dentistry. Cureus 2023; 15(1): 33936.
[2]. Kahler B, Taha NA, J Lu, Saoud TM. Aus Dent J 2023; 68(1): S110–S122.
[3]. Varma et al. Calcium Hydroxide Pulp Capping Agent: An Overview on Composition, Properties, and Clinical Applications. J Zool 2023; 44 (10): 63-72.
[4]. Varghese NS, Gurunathan D. Review of literature on the properties and studies done on Biodentine as a pulp rehabilitating agent. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 2023; 30(16): 171–178.
[5]. Chakravorty A, Ravindran V, Jeevanandan G. The Cytotoxic Assessment of Antibacterial-Enhanced Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Compared to Commercially Available Bioceramic Cements by Using Methyl-Thiazoldiphenyl-Tetrazolium (MTT) Assay on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e49691.

Abstract: Intentional self-harm and suicidality are serious public health concerns, particularly in middle- and low-income countries.[1] Suicide statistics from less developed nations provide the impression that self-harm and suicide are hastily chosen actions. Instead of considering a poison's lethality, consider its availability.[2] Among the most popular suicide techniques used worldwide are pesticide ingestion, hanging, and using a weapon. 3 Significant psychopathology is frequently absent in suicide victims, too. Pesticides are the most frequent cause of poisoning, and according to estimatesfrom the World Health Organization (WHO), there....

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[6]. Loscalzo J, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors..