iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the effect of preservative free morphine 0.5mg administered intrathecally , on intraoperative anesthetic requirement and post operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparotomies under general anesthesia compared with multimodal analgesia during the 1st 24 hours of postoperative period.............

Keywords: ............

[1]. Behar M et al. Epidural morphine in the treatment of pain. Lancet 1979; 1: 527-529.

[2]. Wang JK, Nauss LA, Thomas JE. Pain relief by intrathecally applied morphine in man. Anesthesiology 1979; 50: 149-151.

[3]. Kalso E. Effects of intrathecal morphine injected with bupivacaine on pain after orthopaedic surgery. Br J Anaesthiol 1983; 55: 415-422.

[4]. Nordberg G et al. Pharmacokinetic aspects of intrathecal morphine analgesia.Anesthesiology 1984; 60: 448-454.

[5]. Chadwick HS, Ready LB. Intrathecal and epidural morphine sulfate for postcesarean analgesia: a clinical comparison. Anesthesiology 1988; 67: 137-143.

Abstract: Old Unreduced dislocation of the elbow is a disabling condition associated with instability, limitation of elbow function and often with pain. Due to the potentially conflicting goals of restoring elbow stability and regaining a satisfactory arc of motion, successful treatment of unreduced posterior dislocation of the elbow is a challenging problem for orthopaedic surgeons in the developing countries......

Keywords: Unreduced elbow dislocation, Speed V-Y plasty, open reduction.

[1]. Jupiter JB (1992) Trauma to the adult elbow fractures of the distal
[2]. Humerus. In: Browner BD, Levine AM, and Trafton PG (Eds) Skeletal
[3]. Trauma, vol 2. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 1141
[4]. Freeman BL III. Old unreduced dislocations. In: Crenshaw AH, editor. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Vol I, 9th ed. St
[5]. Louis: Mosby; 1998:2673–4.

Abstract: Aim : To describe in detail the chest X-ray and CT findings in patients with H1N1 influenza infection and their frequency of occurrence and zonal predominance.The second aim of the study was to correlate the radiological features with the severity of illness in terms of the duration of hospital stay and ICU admission (ventilatory/circulatory support)............

Keywords: Imaging in H1N1 influenza, CT findings in H1N1, OPRAVIL score

[1]. Chest radiological findings of influenza H1N1 pneumonia; A Nicolini,LFerrara,Rao,R,M Ferrari Bravo Revisita Portuguesea de pneumologia, Volume 18,issue 3,May 2012 page 120 -127
[2]. Imaging findings in patients with H1N1 influenzaA infection Group: 2011 Subgroup: Volume 8 Issue 4,December 2011iranjradiol.com/4554.by B Mehrdad - 2011
[3]. Radiological findings in patients with H1N1 influenza pneumoniaMagdy Abdelsalam, Haytham Samy Diab , Yasser Ragab doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2015.07.001. The Egyptian Society of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis
[4]. Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico. Perez-Padilla R, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Ponce
de Leon S, Hernandez M, Quinones-Falconi F, Bautista E, et al. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(7):680-9.[PubMed][DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904252 ]

Abstract: Aims: To compare the efficacy of IV Paracetamol versus IV Tramadol for post-operative pain relief in cases undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. Method And Materials: The study included 150 patients aged between 18-50 years of ASA I and ASA II physical status who underwent elective lower abdominal surgery. The patients were divided into two groups of 75 patients each. Group P received IV Paracetamol 15mg/kg and Group T received IV Tramadol 2mg/Kg.............

Keywords: Paracetamol, Tramadol, Pain, Post-operative.

[1]. IASP Sub-committee on Taxonomy. Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Pain 1980; 8: 249-52.
[2]. White PF. The role of non-opioid analgesic techniques in the management of pain after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:
577-85.
[3]. Kehlet H, Dahl JB. The value of "multimodal" or "balanced analgesia" in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth Analg 1993; 77:
1048–56.
[4]. Dahl JB, Rosenberg J, Dirkes WE, Mogensen T, Kehlet H. Prevention of postoperative pain by balanced analgesia. Br J Anaesth
1990; 64:518–20.
[5]. Etches R, Warriner CB, Badner N, Buckley DN, Beotrie WS, Chan VW, Parsons D, Girard M. Continuous intravenous
administration of ketorolac reduces pain and morphine consumption after total knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg 1995; 81:
1175–80.

Abstract: Acute compartment syndrome may occur primarily after a fracture of the tibia, when bleeding and haematoma accumulate within a tight osseo-fascial compartments of the leg. But, a tight traditional bone setter's splint applied on the fractured leg would most likely cause compartment syndrome in the leg in which the haematoma couldn't have been significant to result in pressure rise. Often times this is not recognized until it deteriorates to gangrene.......

Keywords: Compartment syndrome, traditional bone setter, tight splint, gangrene, fasciotomy

[1]. M Frink, F Hildebrand, CKrettek,J Brand, SHankemeier. Compartment Syndrome of the Lower Leg and Foot.ClinOrthopRelat Res.468(4), 2010 Apr, 940-950.
[2]. MM McQueen, J Christie, CM Court-Brown. Acute compartment syndrome in tibialdiaphyseal fractures. J bone Joint Surg Br.78, 1996, 95-98.
[3]. BJ Shore, MPGlotzbecker, D Zurakowski, E Gelbard, DJ Hedequist, TH Matheney.Acute Compartment Syndrome in Children and Teenagers with tibia shaft fractures: Incidenceandmultivariable risk factors. J Orthop Trauma. 27(11), 2013 Nov, 616-21.
[4]. JE Onumiya, PO Obekpa, HCIhezu, ND Ukegbu, BO Onabowale; Major amputation in Nigeria: a plea to educate traditional bone setters. Tropical Doctor. 30(3), 2000, 135.

Abstract: For several years restoration of voice in case of paralytic dysphonia remained as challenging problem. Development of phonosurgical techniques like Medialization Laryngoplasty (M.L.) or Thyroplasty and Arytenoid Adduction (A.A.) technique was a breakthrough in the management of paralytic dysphonia. This study was done in 22 cases of paralytic dysphonia, which consists of medical management esp. voice therapy and laryngoplastic phonosurgery which includes Thyroplasty type I or Medialization Laryngoplasty & Arytenoid Adduction technique. The study includes followup of patients for four years.

Keywords: Arytenoid Adduction, Dysphonia, Medialization Laryngoplasty, Vocal Cord Paralysis.

[1]. Isshiki N.,K ojima H., Taira T., Shoji K(1989: Recent modifications in thryoplsty Type 1. Ann Otol, Rhinol Laryngoly 98: 777-779.
[2]. Isshiki N., Mortin H., and Okamura H., Hiramoto M (1974): Thyroplasty as a new phonosurgiclal technique Acta Otolaryngoly 78:451-457.
[3]. Isshiki N., Tanabe M., Swada M. (1978): Arytenoid Adduction for unilateral Vocal cord Paralysis Arch. Otolaryngoly 140: 555-558.
[4]. 4 Mahieu H.F., Schutte H.K.(1989): New Surgical techniques for voice improvement Arch. Otorhinolaryngoly 246; 397 – 402.
[5]. Mahieu H.F.(1997): Correction of Dysphonia using Laryngeal frame work Surgical techniques Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 49:3:247-257.

Abstract: Jaundice is a clinical condition that is often present is pediatric practice and constitutes one of the major issues within the neonatal period. Although most newborn with jaundice are otherwise healthy, they need to be monitored because bilirubin is potentially toxic to central nervous system .A prospective cohort study was conducted in Neonatal intensive care unit of Gauhati medical college and hospital over 1 year period from 1st June 2012 to 31st May 2013.............

Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia,cephalohematoma,phototheray,Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER)

[1]. Bhutani VK, Johnson L, Sivieri EM. Predictive ability of a predischarge hour-specific serum bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near term newborns. Pediatrics 1999; 103: 6-14.
[2]. Seidman DS, Ergaz Z, Paz I, et al. Predicting the risk of jaundice in full-term healthy newborns: a prospective population-based study. JPerinatol. 1999;19:564–567
[3]. Awasthi S, Rehman H. Early prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemi. Indian J Pediatr 1998; 65: 131-139.
[4]. Alpay F, Sarici SU, Tosuncuk HD, Serdar MA, Inanc N, Gokcay E. The value of first day bilirubin measurement in predicting the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term newborns. Pediatrics 2000; 106: e16
[5]. Singhal PK, Singh M, Paul VK. Deorari AK, Ghorpade MG. Spectrum of neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia: an analysis of 454 cases. Indian Pediatr 1992; 29:319-325.

Abstract: Trauma is currently one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the age group between 15 to 35 years. Head injury patients constitute a major bulk of trauma patients admitted in intensive care settings. Patients with impaired consciousness may require mechanical ventilation to protect their airway, treatment of intracranial hypertension and ventilatory support to treat pulmonary complications. Prolonged intubation with mechanical ventilation is associated with increased hospital mortality and impaired post ICU discharge health related quality of life...........

Keywords: Early tracheostomy, head injury, intensive care, length of stay, VAP.

[1]. Centre for disease control and prevention.http:/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/redirect3.egi
[2]. Nehad Shirawi, Yaseen Arabi [2006] :Bench-to-Bedside review: Early tracheostomy in critically ill trauma patients. Crit Care 2006; 10(1): 201
[3]. Dunham C.M., La Monica C [1984]: Prolonged tracheal intubation in the trauma patient.
[4]. J.Trauma,1984;24:120-124
[5]. Chintamani, Khanna J, Singh JP, Kulshreshtha P, Kalra P, Priyambada B, Mohit RS, Bhatnagar D [2005] :Early tracheostomy in closed head injuries : experience at a tertiary center in a developing country – a prospective study. BMC Emerg Med 2005 ; Oct 14 ; 5 : 8

Abstract: An immature permanent tooth with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis presents a unique challange to endodontists. Possible treatment options consist of extraction, apexification Ca (OH)2, MTA plug or more recently maturogenesis. Maturogenesis is based on principles of tissue engineering which is connected to the usage of stem cells, growth factors and scaffolds. The purpose of this review is to summarize the biological basis of maturogenesis and its practical application in an up-to-date clinical protocol.

Keywords: Apexification, apical periodontitis, immature teeth, maturogenesis, revascularization, revitalization

[1]. H.J. Kaiser, Management of wide open apex canals with calcium hydroxide, 21st Annual Meeting of the American Association of Endodontists, Washington DC, 17. 4. 1964.

[2]. M. Torabinejad, T.F. Watson, and T.F. Pitt Ford, Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate when used as root end filling material, J Endod, 19(12), 1993, 591–595.
[3]. S.J. Lee, M. Monsef, and M. Torabinejad, Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate for repair of lateral root perforations, J Endod, 19(11), 1993, 541–544.
[4]. S. Shabahang, and M. Torabinejad, Treatment of teeth with open apices using mineral trioxide aggregate, Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent, 12(3), 2000, 315–320.
[5]. D.E. Witherspoon, and K. Ham, One-visit apexification: Technique for inducing root-end barrier formation in apical closures, Prac Proced Aeshet Dent, 13(6), 2001, 455–460.

Abstract: Giant-cell reparative granuloma is a rare benign intraosseous lesion with characteristically associated subperiosteal hemorrhage. There is always a diagnostic dilemma, due to overlapping of clinical, radiological and histological features with other Giant-cell rich osteolytic lesions. These lesions are commonly described in the small tubular bones of hand and feet, but there existence in axial skeleton and long bones cannot be ruled out.....

[1]. Jaffe HL. Giant cell reparative granuloma, traumatic bone cyst, and fibrous (fibrous osseous) dysplasia of the jaw bones. Oral Surg 1953; 6:159-75.
[2]. Eck HC, Weiner SD. Giant-Cell Reparative Granuloma of the Hands and Feet. Orthopaedics 2004; 27:67-70.
[3]. Herman G, Abelwahab IF, Klein MJ, Berson BD, Lewis MM. Case report 603.Giant cell reparative granuloma of the distal end of right femur. Skeletal Radiol 1990; 19:367-369.
[4]. Oda Y, Tsuneyoshi M, Shinohara N. "Solid" variant of aneurysmal bone cyst ( extragnathic giant cell reparative granuloma) in the axial skeleton and long bones. A study of its morphologic spectrum and distinction from allied giant cell lesions.Cancer 1992; 70: 2642-49.

Abstract: Esophageal cancer is a disease of mid to late adulthood with a male predilection.It is associated with poor outcome. The 5 year survival rates ranges from 20% to 30%. The treatment depends on disease staging, patient's general condition and individual preferences. Surgery alone as a treatment modality is associated with poor survival rates..............

Keywords: Cisplatin, concurrent radiation, complete response, Irinotecan, locally advanced esophageal carcinoma, treatment toxicities

[1]. Montgomery, EA; et al. (2014). Oesophageal Cancer. In Stewart, BW; Wild, CP. World Cancer Report 2014. World Health
Organization.
[2]. Conteduca V, Sansonno D, Ingravallo G, Marangi S, Russi S, Lauletta G, Dammacco F. Barrett's esophagus and esophageal
cancer: an overview, International Journal of Oncology 41 (2): 414–24. doi:10.3892/ijo.2012.1481
[3]. Napier KJ, Scheerer M, MisraS ,Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment
modalities, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 6 (5): 112–0. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v6.i5.112
[4]. Zhang, HZ; Jin, GF; Shen, HB , Epidemiologic differences in esophageal cancer between Asian and Western populations, Chinese
journal of cancer31 (6): 281–6.

Abstract: Blood transfusion services are integral component of modern medical practices. It's however marred with several challenges, ranging from the use of screening techniques that do not detect infectious agents during the window period to the burden of infectious agents among apparently healthy individual in the population. We therefore sought to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible viral pathogens among apparently healthy blood donors in Kaduna, North-Western, Nigeria.............

Keywords: Donors, Hbsag, Hcv, Hiv, Transfusion

[1]. SV Patel, CN Popat, VS Mazumdar, MB Shah, K Shringarpure, KG Mehta, et al, Seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and
Syphilis in blood donors at a tertiary hospital (Blood Bank) in Vadodara., Int J Med Sci Public Health, 2, 2013, 747-750.
[2]. Nigerian National Blood Policy Revised November 2005. Accessed (November 2015) at; Policy
[3]. E Carole Else, S Françoise Ng, G S Estelle, M Madeleine and G L Leopold, HIV, HBV, HCV and T. palladium infections
among recipients at the laquintine hospital in Doula, Camerouon, BMC Hematology, 14 (5), 2014, 1-9.
[4]. S, Nirali, J.M Shah, J Preeti, P Kazoomi, C.K Shah, N.R Shah, Sero prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis among blood
donors at a tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western India, Gujarat Medical Journal 68 :( 2), 2013, 35-39.
[5]. MI , Matee, PM, Magesa, Lyamuya EF, Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitisB and C viruses and syphilis
infections among blood donors at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dare Es Salam, Tanzania. BMC Public Health, 6(1)
2006, 21-25.

Abstract: Giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone, or osteoclastoma, was classically described as a locally invasive tumour that occurs close to the joint of a mature bone1. GCT was rare, generally benign and locally aggressive tumour. It represents approximately 3% to 5% of all primary bone cancers. It usually occurs in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years. However GCT of bone was uncommon in children younger than 15 years and in adults older than 65 years of age2. The ulnar metaphysis is an unusual site (0.45% to 3.2%) for a primary bone GCT2..............

Keywords: Ulna, Bone Cement,

[1]. ES Ng, A Saw, S Sengupta, AR Nazarina, Giant cell tumou of bone with late Presentation: review of treatment and outcome;
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 2002: 10(2): 120–128.
[2]. Daniele Vanni, Andrea Pantalone, Elda Andreoli, PatrizioCaldora, VincenzoSalini, Giant cell tumor of the distal ulna: a case report,
Journal of Medical Case Reports 2012, 6:143.
[3]. Lackman RD, McDonald DJ, Beckenbaugh RD, Sim FH. Fibula reconstruction for giant cell tumour of the distal radius. Clin
Orthop 1987; 218:232-8.
[4]. Harness NG, Mankin HJ. Giant cell tumor of the distal forearm. J Hand Surg 2004;29A:188-93.
[5]. Campanacci M, Baldini N, Boriani S, Sudanese A. Giantcell tumour of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987; 69:106-14.

Abstract: Ectopic teeth are those teeth that are located in the jaw bones or regions other than the alveolar arch. Ectopic eruption of tooth is rare. There have been a few case reports of teeth erupting in mandibular condyle, coronoid process, chin, palate, maxillary sinus. Ectopic tooth/teeth in the maxillary sinus are usually found incidentally on routine radiological examination, same time they can be symptomatic and associated with pathologies usually dentigerous cyst or okc. Hereby we report a management of dentigerous cyst associated with an ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus.

Keywords: Dentigerous cyst, Ectopic tooth, Impaction, Maxillary sinus.

[1]. Dr. Dimple Sahni, Dr. Girish Sahni. Dentigerous Cyst with Ectopic Tooth in Maxillary Sinus of a Child. www.ijsr.net Volume 3
Issue 10, October 2014.
[2]. M. C. Buyukkurt,a M. M. Omezli,b and O. Miloglu,c Erzurum, Turkey. Dentigerous cyst associated with an ectopic tooth in the
maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:67-71.
[3]. Suvarna Gowda, Borligegowda Viswanatha, Pramod Junjanna. Keratinizing Dentigerous Cyst. Research in Otolaryngology 2014,
3(6): 85-88.
[4]. Girish G, Mahesh Kumar R, Umashankar DN, Rashi Sharma, Veeresh M, Ambika Bhandari. Dentigerous Cyst in Maxillary Sinus.
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2011;2(2):20-23.
[5]. Reinhard E. Friedrich And Jozef Zustin. Ameloblastoma Of The Maxillary Sinus 11 Years After Extirpation Of Extensive
Dentigerous Cysts And Dystopic Wisdom Tooth. In Vivo 24: 567-570 (2010).

Abstract: Kidney dysfunction in orthopaedic cases may be as a result of kidney injury due to fracture, burns, osteomyelitis, spinal injury, spinal tuberculosis, sickle cell disease and various forms of arthritis among others. Kidney injury may be acute or chronic. The overall incidence of kidney dysfunction after elective or emergency surgical procedures is reported to reach 9.1%.The risk of acute kidney injury in surgical patients has been estimated to be approximately 1% of all hospitalized patients.............

Keywords: Acute, Biochemical Markers, Chronic, Diagnosis, Incidence, Kidney injury and Orthopaedic

[1]. Sehgal V, Sukhminder J S B, Rinku s, Jeremiah E, Praveen R. and Samuel M L. Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Surgery. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2014; 12(3):e6713.
[2]. Durfour DR. Evaluation of renal function, water electrolyte, Acid–Base Balance and Blood Gases, in Henry J, B., clinical diagnosis and management by Laboratory methods, 20th edition, W.B. Saunder Company, USA 2001; 165
[3]. Gowda S, Desai P B, Kulkarni SS, Hull VV, Math AAK and Verneker SN. Markers of renal function tests. N Am J Med Sci 2010; 2(4): 170-173.
[4]. Wallia R, Greenberg AS and Piraino B. Serum electrolyte patterns in end stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1986; 8:94-104.
[5]. Mayne PD The kidneys and renal calculi in Clinical chemistry in diagnosis and treatment, 6th edition, Edward Arnold, London 1994; 1-25.

Abstract: Background: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased greatly since the advent of HIV/AIDS because they tend to coexist. Prompt identification of risk factors is quite imperative to prevent the disease as early diagnosis and treatment are required to reducing mortality, thus determination of the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection in BHUTH is a necessary objective...............

Keywords: Sputum AFB, Tuberculosis, HIV co-infection, Health promotion, BHUTH, Nigeria.

[1]. World health organization report on tuberculosis. 2015.
[2]. Idoko, J.A and Anteyi, E. (1994). HIV associated tuberculosis in Jos. Nigeria Medicinal practices; 28:49-54.
[3]. TB Alert ' Symptoms' [acessed March 2016]
[4]. TB Alert 'Diagnosis' [accessed March 2016]
[5]. NHS Choices (2014, December) 'Tuberculosis (TB) - Treating tuberculosis'

Abstract: The vermiform appendix is an abdominal organ; it provides immunological function as tonsil of abdomen. Vermiform appendix has diverse anatomical positions, lengths, and conditions of mesoappendix. Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency, Knowing the exact anatomical position of vermiform appendix is important in view of surgeons for on-time diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis and appendicectomy............

Keywords: vermiform appendix , different positions

[1]. Sanjay kumar bhasin, Arsad Bashir khan,et al, Vermiform appendix and acute appendicitis,Vol.9 no.4, October-December 2007.
[2]. Golalipour, M. J.; Arya, B.; Azarhoosh, R; Jahanshahi, M. Anatomical variations of vermiform appendix in south –east caspion sea .J Anat. Soc. India .2003;52(2);141-143 .
[3]. Zinner, M.J., Schawrtz, S.I., Ellis, H.: Maingot's. Abdominal operations. In: Appendix and Appendicectomy. 10th edn; vol 2; Appleton & Lange, Philadelphia. 1997; 1190-1193.

[4]. B.D. Chaurasia's, Human anatomy, vol 2, Ed 3rd, p- 223.

[5]. Donald C. Collins, M.D. The length and positions of vermiform appendix. American Journal of Surgery.1932; 96: 1044- 1048.

Abstract: The fluorescence quenching of PBD and POPOP by aniline has been carried out in different solvent mixtures of dioxane and acetonitrile at room temperature. The quenching is found to be appreciable and a positive deviation from linearity was observed in the Stern-Volmer plot in all the solvent mixtures. Various rate constants for the quenching processes have been determined by using modified Stern-Volmer equation. From the positive deviations of linear S-V plots and the dependence of rate constants on the polarity of solvents, it has been concluded that both static and dynamic quenching processes are responsible for the observed positive deviation in the S-V plot.

Keywords: Fluorescence quenching, solvent polarity and Stern-Volmer plots

[1]. Roy, R and Mukherjee (1987) Fluorescence quenching of carbozole and indole by ethylentrithiocarbonate. Chem. Phys, Ltt 140. 210-214 and reference therein.
[2]. Moriya, T. (1984) Excited-state reactions of coumarins in aqueous solutions II. The fluorescence quenching of 7-ethoxycounmarins by halide ions. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57 1723-1729 and references therein.
[3]. Mathad, R. D., G. C. Chikkur and N. Umakantha (1986) Electronic excitation energy transfer in organic liquid scintillators. J. Chem. Phys.84, 2187-2195.
[4]. Umarajee, D. M. and G. C. Chikkur (1987) Effect of dilution and temperature on the Energy transfer and quenching in an organic liquid scintillator. Phys. Ltt. A 123, 23-26.
[5]. Hanagodimath, S. M., G. S. Gadaginmath and G. C. Chikkur (1990) Role of Brownian diffusion and interaction distance on energy

Abstract: The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes that infant oral health is one of the foundations upon which Preventive education and dental care must be built to enhance the opportunity for a lifetime free from preventable oral disease. Anganwadi workers in rural India are believed to be the first care givers to new mothers and infants............

Keywords: Anganwadi workers, Dental caries, Infant,Oral hygiene

[1]. Carneiro L, Kabulwa M, Makyao M, Mrosso G, and Choum R. Oral Health Knowledge and Practices of Secondary School
Students, Tanga, Tanzania.International Journal of Dentistry : 2011 ; 6.
[2]. Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care. Originating CommitteeClinical Affairs Committee – Infant Oral Health Subcommittee. 2012
[3]. Planning commission,Government of India .Eleventh Five year plan 2007- 2012.Agriculture,Rural development,Industry, Services
and Physical Infrastructures. Oxford University Press;New Delhi; Volume 3:p.134. Available from: URL:
http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/11th/11_v3/11th_vol3.pdf
[4]. Lal S, Paul D. Towards the universalization of ICDS. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 2003; 27: 147-52.
[5]. The Integrated Childhood Development Services Scheme (ICDS). Department, of the Social Welfare Ministry of Education and
Social Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi-1976.

Abstract: A 4years old malechild presented with cough, dysponea and recurrent pulmonary infection. The CT and MRI Chest revealed a huge right side posterior mediastinal mass with no evidence of metastasis. He underwent surgical exploration with successful enblock removal of the mass, the biopsy was suggestive of neuroblastoma. He was discharged on the 6th post operative period and is in regular follow up.

Keywords: posterior mediastinum,Neuroblastoma,dysponea,recurrent pulmonary infections

[1]. Maris, J. M.; Hogarty, M. D.; Bagatell, R.; Cohn, S. L. (2007). "Neuroblastoma".The Lancet 369 (9579): 2106–20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60983-0.PMID 17586306
[2]. Brodeur GM, Castleberry RP. Neuroblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principles and Practices of Pediatric Oncology. 2006:933.
[3]. Park JR-HematolOncolClin North Am-01-FEB-2010;24(1):65-86
[4]. David R, Lamki N, Fan S, Singleton EB, EftekhariF,Shirkhoda A et al. The many faces of neuroblastoma.Radiographics 1989; 9: 859-882.
[5]. Castellote A, Vázquez E, Vera J, Piqueras J, LucayaJ,Garcia-Peña P et al. Cervicothoracic lesions in infants andchildren. Radiographics 1999; 19 : 583-600

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infections are prevalent worldwide, some 240 million individuals have chronic HBV, with greater rates in Asia, and Africa, and chronic infection cause more than one million deaths annually. Vertical transmission during child birth.Risk factors include healthcare workers, blood transfusion, dialysis, parenteral drug uses,heterosexuals,homosexuals, recipients of plasma-derived products, and living in the endemic areas.HBV infection causes both hepatocellular damage and viral clearance............

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus,Chronichepatitis,Hepatocellularcarcinoma,Diagnosis.

[1]. KozielMJ,ThioCL.Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus.In Mandell Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice
ofInfectious Diseases,7thed.MandellGL,BennetteJE,Dolin R(editors),Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.2010.p.2059-2086.
[2]. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaboration (17 December 2014)."Global regional age-sex specific all-cause and
cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of dealth,1990-2013:a systematic analysis for Global Burden of Disease Study
2013.Lancet385(9963):117-71.
[3]. Sarin SK, Kumar M,LauGK,etal,Asian –Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015
update.Hepatol Int.2016;10(1):1-98.
[4]. Custer B,SullivanSD,HazletTK,etal.Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus.J ClinGastroenterol.2004;38(10Suppl 3):S158-68.
[5]. Hepatitis B Fact Sheet No204.who.int.July 2014.Retrieved 4 Nov 2014