iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: Allogenic bone grafts are used to fill bone defects following tumor resection. We report a case treated by segmental resection of humerus and allogenous bone grafting at five years of age and followed up till skeletal maturity. Five year male child with recurrent fibrous dysplasia of left humerus was treated with excision and allogenic non vascularised fibular grafting. The graft has incorporated well at five years follow up and remodeled to the contour of the bone subsequently, at fourteen years follow up patient is disease free with normal range of movements with shortening. Incorporation and remodeling of the allograft in the paediatric patients is discussed.

Keywords: Non-vascularised graft, Humerus, Fibrous dysplasia, Segmental bone loss, Fibular strut

[1]. Hsin-Nung Shih, Lih-Yuann Shih, Chun-Ying Cheng,Kuo-Yao Hsu, Chung-Hsun Chang. Reconstructing Humerus Defects after
Tumor Resection using an Intramedullary Cortical Allograft Strut. Chang Gung Med J 2002;25:656-63.
[2]. DiCaprio MR, Enneking WF. Fibrous dysplasia. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2005;87-
A:1848-1864.
[3]. Andrzej Grzegorzewski, Ewa Pogonowicz, Marcin Sibinski, Marek Marciniak, Marek Synder.Treatment of benign lesions of
humerus with resection and non-vascularised, autologous fibular graft. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 2010;34:1267–1272
[4]. A. H. Krieg, F. Hefti. Reconstruction with non-vascularised fibular grafts after resection of bone tumours. JBJS (Br)
2007;89(B):215-221
[5]. S.K. Nandi, S. Roy, P. Mukherjee, B. Kundu, D.K. De & D. Basu. Orthopaedic applications of bone graft & graft substitutes:
a review. Indian J Med Res 2010;132:15-30

Abstract:Dermoid cysts though are the most common teratomatous lesions, are infrequently seen in head and neck region. Very rarely seen in thyrohyoid region, masquerading as a thyroid nodule. Here we describe a case of 17 year old female presenting with a lateral neck mass since 1 year associated with the thyroid gland which was later excised and found out to be dermoid cyst.

Keywords: Dermoid cyst, Lateral neck mass, Thyroid.

[1]. Smirniotopoulos JG, Chiechi. MV. Teratomas, dermoids and epidermoids of head and neck. Radiographics 1995;15:1437
[2]. Koeller K.K., Alamo L., Adair C.F., and Smirniotopoulos J.G. Congenital Cystic Masses of the Neck: Radiologic-Pathologic
Correlation. Radiographics. 1999; 19:121-146.
[3]. Meuwly J, Lepori D, Theumann N, Schnyder P, Etechami G, Hohlfeld J, Gudinchet F. Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of the
Pediatric Neck: Techniques and Spectrum of Findings. RadioGraphics 2005; 25:931-948.
[4]. Hunter T, Paplanus S, Chernin M, Coulthard S. Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: CT appearance. AJR 1983;141:1239-1240.
[5]. Dimov Zh, Dimov K, Kr'stev N, Kr'stev D, Baeva M, Baeva N, Yar'mov N. Dermoid, epidermoid and teratoma cysts of the tongue
and oral cavity floor. Khirurgiia (Sofiia)2000; 56(2):30-2.

Abstract: Of all the regional an aesthesia techniques sub-arachnoid block, because of its clearly defined end-point is the easiest to perform and most widely used for surgeries below the umbilicus and lower extremities.The advantages of sub arachnoid block are, there is reduced blood loss, attenuation of neuro endocrine response, increased blood flow to lower limbs, decreased platelet aggregation. Well maintained airway in a conscious patient, reduced mortality and marked decrease in hospital cost............

[1]. Ota K, Namiki A, Iwasaki H, Takahashi I: Dose-related prolongation of tetracaine spinal anesthesia by oral clonidine in humans. Anesth Analg 79:1121-1125, 1994.

[2]. Bonnet F, Buisson VB, Francois Y, Catoire P, Saada M: Effects of oral and subarachnoid clonidine on spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine. Reg Anesth 15:211-214, 1990.

[3]. Liu S, Chiu AA, Carpenter RL: Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth Analg 80:730-734, 1995.

[4]. Chiu AA, Liu S, Carpenter RL: Effects of epinephrine on lidocaine spinal anesthesia: A crossover study. Anesth Analg 80:735-739, 1995.

[5]. Filos KS, Goudas LC, Patroni O, Polyzou V: Hemodynamic and analgesic profile after intrathecal clonidine in humans: A dose-response study. ANESTHESIOLOGY 81:591-601, 1994.

Abstract: Gunshot & Blast injuries usually produce complex wounds; and those involving face include even more complexities which then requires a team of highly skilled specialists to treat. A 15 years old boy was brought to the hospital with massive bleeding from the mouth and face following a suicidal shot with rifle placed under the chin.......

Keywords: Gunshot, Tracheostomy, Haemostasis, Reconstruction

[1]. World J.Surg,2007 Nov .3(11)2004-10.Early management of gunshot Injury to the face in civilian practice
[2]. MHK. Motamedi , E.Ebrahim, A.Shams . Current trends in management of maxillofacial gunshot injury, A critical review
[3]. Ann. Maxillofacial srg. 2012 Jul ..De 2(2).200-203 Management challenges in short range low velocity injury. K.V.Arunkumar, Sanjeev kumarRajat Agrawal, Prajesh Dubey
[4]. International journ .of oral surgery vol .3 issue 1 1974;29-33 Suicidal gunshot wounds resulting in severe maxillofacial injury. Ake Nordenram, Nile Freiberg
[5]. Gunshot wounds Sustained injuries to the face . A University experience; C.Perry. B.Phillip. The International journal of surgery ;2000 volume 2 No. 2

Abstract: Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology as a first line of investigation has assumed importance in diagnosing a variety of disease processes. Several studies in the past have documented the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC in lymphadenopathy. This study was taken up with the aim to investigate the pattern of superficial lymphadenopathy among patients presenting in Narayan Medical College & Hospital , Sasaram and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC , and analyze the diagnostic pitfalls...........

Keywords: Superficial lymph node, FNAC, tubercular lymphadenitis.

[1]. Steel BL, Schwartz MR, Ramzy I . Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in 1,103 patients: role,limitations, and analysis of diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytol . 1995; 39: 76-81.
[2]. Nasuti JF, Yu G, Boudousquie A, Gupta P . Diagnostic value of lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology: an institutional experience of 387 cases observed over a 5-year period. Cytopathology . 2000; 11: 18-31.
[3]. Gupta RK, Naran S, Lallu S, Fauck R . The diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the assessment of palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes: a study of 218 cases. Cytopathology . 2003; 14: 201-7.
[4]. Das DK . Lymph nodes. In: Bibbo M, editor. Comprehensive Cytopathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1997: 703-29.
[5]. Oertel J, Oertel B, Kastner M et al. The value of immunocytochemical staining of lymph node aspirates in diagnostic cytology. Br J Haematol . 1988; 307 – 316 .

Abstract: Aim of the study: to search variations in formation and branching pattern of brachial plexus and correlate them with possible clinical and surgical implications. Materials and Methods: 25human bodies were dissected for this study. Dissection was started in posterior triangle of neck and extended to distal part of upper limb passing through axilla . Photographs were taken and data was tabulated and analyzed.............

Keywords: Brachial plexus , roots , trunks , divisions ,cords , branches , variations .

[1]. Moore KL , Persaud TVN . The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology .7th ed. Saunders . 2003 . Chapter 17 , The
Limbs ;410-412 .
[2]. Larsen WJ . Human Embryology . 2nd ed. Hong Kong : Churchill Livingstone Inc. 1997 . Chapter 11 , Development of limbs ; 313-
323 .
[3]. Lee et al , Variations of ventral rami of the brachial plexus . Journal of Korean Medical Science . 1992 March ; 7(1) : 19-24 .
[4]. Uzun et al , Some variations in the formation of brachial plexus in infants . Tr. J. of Medical Sciences . 1999 , 29 : 573-577 .
[5]. Uysal et al , Brachial plexus variations in human fetuses . Neurosurgery . 2003 ; 53(3) : 676-684 .

Abstract:Aims: To study the efficacy of vitamin E in improving pain severity in cyclical mastalgia in adolescent women. Materials and Methods:In a prospective trial of 194 patients suffering from cyclic mastalgia were advised 400 IU of vitamin E daily for 2 month. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Severity of breast pain was evaluated by the Cardiff breast pain score during one menstrual cycle before and two menstrual cycle after the intervention.........

[1]. Smith RL, Pruthi S, Fitzpatrick LA. Evaluation and management of breast pain. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.2004;79(3):353–
372. [PubMed]
[2]. Jawrence CA, Grube BJ, Guiliano AE. Benign breast disease. In: Berek JS, editor. Berek and Novak's Gynecology. 15th edition.
Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. pp. 667–670.
[3]. Fritz MA, Speroff L. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 8th edition. Philadelphia, Pa, USA: Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins; 2011.
[4]. Kataria K, Dhar A, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Goyal A. A systematic review of current understanding and management of
mastalgia. Indian Journal of Surgery. 2013 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

Abstract: Introduction:Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is used widely for the preliminary pre-operative diagnosis of all superficial palpable lesions and for deep seated lesions under ultrasound guidance. Though Pap stain, May GrunwaldGiemsa (MGG) and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stains are used commonly, Leishman stain provides good cytoplasmic and background details. Hence, it can beused in adjunct with other stains...........

Keywords: FNAC, Leishman stain, H & E stain

[1]. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: Svante R Orell, Gregory F Sterrett, 5e
[2]. Comparison of the efficacy of three stains used for the detection of cytological changes in Sudanese females with breast lumps:
AlkhairAbdAlmahmoudIdris, MuhammedSidahmedHussain. Sudanese Journal of Public Health Apr 2009, Vol 4 No 2
[3]. U Uniya, K Likhar, R Nigam. A Comparative Study of Bone Marrow Aspiration Smear And Cell Block Using Romanowsky And
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain. The Internet Journal Of Pathology. 2012 Volume 13 Number 3.
[4]. Immature germ cells in semen-correlation with total sperm count and sperm motility: Patil PS, Humbarwadi RS, Patil AD, Gune
AR. J Cytol 2013;30:185-9
[5]. Belgaumi UI, Shetty P. Leishman-Giemsa cocktail as a new, potentially useful cytological technique comparable to Papanicalaou
staining for oral cancer diagnosis. J Cytol 2013;30:18-222

Abstract: Background: The nutrient foramina are cavities that conduct the nutrient arteries and the peripheral nerves on the shaft of long bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply from the nutrient arteries, and sometimes through the periosteal vessels. It is not uncommon to see the non union of the fractures in the long bones. Among the various reasons for the nonunion of the fractured bones, the nutrient artery plays an important role...........

Keywords: Humerus, Diaphysis, Nutrient foramen, Nutrient artery, Humerus fracture

[1]. Rhinelander FW. The normal microcirculation of diaphyseal cortex and its response to fracture. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1927;50A:643–62.
[2]. Carroll SE. A Study of Nutrient Foramina of the Humeral Diaphysis. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1963;45B:176–81.
[3]. Williams Peter L, Bannister Dyson. Gray's Textbook of Anatomy. 37th edition. London: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 1993. pp. 299–300.pp. 759
[4]. Johnson RW. A Physiological study of the Blood Supply of the Diaphysis. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1927;9:153.
[5]. Coolbaugh CC. Effects of Reduced Blood Supply of bone. American Journal of Physiology. 1952;169:26.

Abstract: Purpose : To assess the clinical, pathological and radiological features of tumor progression in Indian children suffering with retinoblastoma. Methods: A prospective analysis of all the patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma at Department of Ophthalmology, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi from December 2013 to February 2016 was performed. The main outcome measures included clinical and histopathological findings, radiological features and treatment options.........

Keywords: Retinoblastoma, Clinico-histopathology, Radiology

[1]. Amaoku WMK, Willshaw HE, Parkes SE, Shah KJ, Mann JR. Trilateral retinoblastoma: a report of five cases. Cancer
1996;78:858–863
[2]. Stolovitch C, Loewenstein A, Varssano D, Lazar M. Trilateral retinoblastoma. Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol 1992;15:57–59
[3]. T. Kivela, "The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death," British
Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 1129–1131, 2009.
[4]. . A. Dyer and R. Bremner, "The search for the retinoblastoma cell of origin," Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 5, no.2,pp. 91–101,
2005.
[5]. H. Dimaras, K. Kimani, E. A. Dimba et al., "Retinoblastoma," Lancet, vol. 379, no. 9824, pp. 1436–1446, 2012.

Abstract:PRF – Platelet Rich Fibrin is an autologous gel like material derived from blood by centrifuging it. In diabetic patients major challenges after extraction are high infection rates and delayed healing. Putting PRF in extraction socket in diabetic patient leads to faster healing and there is no need of antibiotic either preop or postop for infection prevention. As PRF itself has inert growth factors and immune factors, biologically it acts as a healing aid. This method also reduces multiple visits of patients in hospital set-ups.

Keywords: Centrifuge, Diabetes, Healing, Platelet rich fibrin (PRF).

[1]. Megha A, Vineet A. Platelet Rich Fibrin and its Application in Dentistry – A Review Article. National Journal of Medical and
Dental Research. April-June 2014;2(3):54-61.
[2]. Preeja C, Arun S. Platelet-rich fibrin: Its role in periodontal regeneration. The Saudi Journal of Dental Research. 2014;5:117-122.
[3]. B. I. Simon, A. L. Zatcoff. Clinical and histological comparison of extraction socket healing following the use of autologous
Platelet-rich Fibrin Matrix (PRFM) to ridge preservation procedures employing demineralised freeze dried bone allograft material
and membrane. The open dentistry journal. 2009;3:92-99.
[4]. McLennan S, Yue DK. Molecular aspects of wound healing in diabetes. Primary Intention. Feb 2006;14(1):8-13.
[5]. Anacassia Fonseca Lima, Livia Banderia Costa. Interventions for wound healing among diabetic patients infected with
staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2011;129(3):165-170.

Abstract: Background:Knowledge on prevalence and trends of transfusion transmitted infections is important for implementation and assessment of blood safety measures. Materials and methods:Retrospective data collection on transfusion transmitted infections screening performed by using National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) approved ELISA kits for HIV, HBV & HCV. Results:A total of 7593 donors were screened over the four years; 51.23 % were voluntary donors (VBD). Most of the donors were males (90.03%). Median age of population studied was 32 years............

Keywords: Transfusion transmitted infections, blood donors, HIV, HCV, HBV, ELISA

[1] Central Drug Standard Control Organisation [Internet]. India: Regulatory requirements of blood and/or its components including
blood products; 2012 [cited 2016 Feb 29]. Available from: http://www.cdsco.nic.in/writereaddata/guidelines_for_blood_bank.doc
[2] Chandra T, Kumar A, Gupta A. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors: an Indian experience. Trop Doct
2009; 39: 152-4.
[3] Pahuja S, Sharma M, Baitha B, Jain M. Prevalence and trends of markers of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and human
immunodeficiency virus in Delhi blood donors: a hospital based study. Jpn J Infect Dis 2007; 60: 389-91.
[4] Giri PA, Deshpande JD, Phalke DB, Karle LB. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood
donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2012; 1: 48-51.

Abstract: the aim of this study is to evaluate the cerebro – placental ratio and its influence in postnatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Evaluation of this ratio and its values will be evaluated based on fetal outcomes. Methods: In this study were involved 106 patients diagnosed with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension hospitalized in the "Queen Geraldine" Universitary Hospital............

[1]. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Working Group Report on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J ObstetGynecol 183:S1, 2000.
[2]. Sibai BM: Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 102:181, 2003.
[3]. Brosens IA, Robertson WB, Dixon HG (1972) The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Ann 1:177.
[4]. Campbell S, Diaz-Recasens J, Griffin DR, Cohen-Overbeek TE, Pearce JM, Wilson K, Teague M (1982) New Doppler technique for assessing uteroplacental blood flow. Lancet 8326:675-677.
[5]. Kingdom JCP, Burrel SJ, Kauffmann P (1997) Pathology and clinical implications of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 9:271-286.

Abstract: Introduction: In many developing countries, equitable access to and utilization of appropriate oral health services remains a major problem. This study provides information on inequities, determinants and barriers of utilization of routine dental services in Nigeria.............

[1]. BenoîtVarenne, Poul Erik Petersen, Florence Fournet, Philippe Msellati,Jean Gary, SeydouOuattara, Maud Harang and Gérard Salem. Illness-related behaviour and utilization of oral health services among adult city-dwellers in Burkina Faso: Evidence from a household survey.BMC Health Services Research,2006, 6:164
[2]. Varenne B, Petersen PE, Ouattara S. Oral health behaviour of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa. Int Dent J,2006, 56:61-70.
[3]. Westaway MS, Viljoen E, Rudolph MJ. Utilisation of oral health services, oral health needs and oral health status in a periurban informal settlement. SADJ, 1999, 54:149-152.
[4]. Samba M, Guinan JC, Sangare A, Da-Danho V, Bakayoko-Ly R. Illnessrelatedbehaviour and utilization of oral health.Odontostomatol Trop,2004, 27:37-40
[5]. Adegbembo AO. Household utilization of dental services in Ibadan, Nigeria.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1994, 22:338-339.

Abstract: Bisphosphonates; synthetic analogues of intrinsic bone mineralization regulator pyrophosphate has revolutionized the management of post menopausal osteoporosis and have found a wide gamut of applications in the management of metabolic and metastatic bone disease. We report the case of a 54 year old lady, diagnosed case of metastatic carcinoma breast who developed acute onset orbital cellulitis............

Keywords: Bisphosphonates, Zoledronic acid.

[1]. Tanvetyanon T, Stiff PJ. Management of adverse effects associated with intravenous bisphosphonates.Ann Oncol.2006; 17(6):897-
907.
[2]. Dalle Carbonare L, Zannata M, Gasparetto A, et al. Safety and tolerability of zoledronic acid and other bisphosphonates in
osteoporosis management. Drug Healthc Patient Saf.2010; 2:121-137.
[3]. Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action.Endocr Rev.1998; 19(1):80-100.
[4]. Rogers MJ. New insight into molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Curr Pharm Res.2003; 9(23):2643-2658.
[5]. Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B. Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. Am J
Opthalmol .2003; 135(2):219-222.

Abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening, rapidly spreading, infection located in subcutaneous tissue up to the deep fascia. It usually occurs in perineum and extremities but necrotizing fasciitis of breast is a rare condition which may lead to systemic infection and death. Hence we report a case of bilateral necrotizing fasciitis of Breast with systemic septic shock in a young lactating woman...........

Keywords: Necrotizing fasciitis, Breast, cellulitis

[1]. B Wilson. Necrotizing fasciitis. Am Surg. 1952;18:416–31
[2]. A Subramanian, G Thomas, A Lawn, P Jackson, GT Layer. Necrotizing soft tissue infection following mastectomy. JSCR.2010:1–4
[3]. S Hasham, P Matteucci, PR Stanley, NB Hart. Necrotising fasciitis.BMJ. 2005; 330:830–33
[4]. Chin-Ho Wong, Tan Bien-Kien, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008;122(5):e151–2.
[5]. Yaji P, Bhat B, E H. Primary necrotising fasciitis of the breast J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Jul;8(7)

Abstract: Back ground: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1, used in labor induction, abortion. Misoprostol is a safe and effective alternative to a surgical technique. There is increasing evidence that misoprostol is a acceptable method to induce abortion.............

Keywords: Missed Abortion, Vaginal Misoprostol

[1]. Herabutya Y, O-Prasertsawat P. Misoprostol in the management of missed abortion. International Journal of Gynecology and
Obstetrics 1997; 56: 263-6
[2]. Sakhare Anil Panditrao, Mahale Arun Ramkrishna, Kardile Geeta Panditrao .Vaginal misoprostol for medical evacuation of missed
abortion. J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 55, No. 2: March/April 2005
[3]. Davis AR, Hendlish SK, Westhoff C et al; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Management of Early
Pregnancy Failure Trial. Bleeding patterns after misoprostol vs surgical treatment of early pregnancy failure: results from a
randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 196(1):31.e1-31.e7.
[4]. Wood SL, Brian PH. Medical management of missed abortion:A clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 163:4605.
[5]. Autry A, Jacobsen G, Sandhu R and Isbill K. Medical management of non‐viable early first trimester pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol
Obstet 67, 9–13.

Abstract: Background: The goal of premedication is to make the child calm and cooperative. Midazolam has an important place in premedicants due to short duration of action, powerful anterograde amnesic effect. Aim: We undertook this study to compare the efficacy of intranasal midazolam and oral midazolam in children as premedicant.............

Keywords: Premedication, Midazolam, Intranasal, Oral, Sedation and separation score.

[1]. Steward D.J. Preoperative evaluation and preparation for surgery. Ind: Pediatric 4 editio., Churchill Livingstone, New York 2002.
[2]. Messeri A, Caprilli S, Busoni P. Anesthesia induction in children: A psychological evaluation of the efficiency of parents' presence.
Pediatr Anesth. 2004; 14: 551–6.
[3]. McMillan CO, Saphr- Schopfer IA, Sikich N et al. Premedication of Children with oral midazolam. Can J Anaesth.1992; 39: 545-
550
[4]. Satoh M, Minami M. Molecular pharmacology of the opioid receptors. Pharmacol Ther. 1995; 68: 343–64.
[5]. Kumar K, Singh SI. Neuraxial opioid-induced pruritus: An update. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology. 2013;
29(3): 303-307.

Abstract: Background: Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) is a well-known complication associated with treatment of metastatic bone disease. Recently, denosumab was introduced as an alternative to bisphosphonates which are known to cause MRONJ, as it has a different mechanism of action. This report highlights the radiographic features of MRONJin a patient undergoingdenosumab therapy.............

Keywords: Bisphosphonate, denosumab, osteonecrosis, MRONJ, breast cancer

[1]. Coleman RE, Skeletal complications of malignancy, Cancer,80, 1997, 1588–1594.
[2]. Saad F, Gleason DM, Murray R et al,A randomized,placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients withhormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma,J Natl Cancer Inst,94, 2002,1458–1468.
[3]. Coleman R, Gnant M, Morgan G et al, Effects of bonetargetedagents on cancer progression and mortality,J Natl Cancer Inst, 104, 2012, 1059–1067.
[4]. Wang X, Yang KH, Wanyan P, Tian JH, Comparison of the efficacy and safety of denosumab versus bisphosphonates in breast cancer and bone metastases treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,Oncology letters, 7(6), 2014 Jun, 1997-2002.
[5]. Roland Baron, Serge Ferrari, R. Graham G. Russell, Denosumab and bisphosphonates: Different mechanisms of action and effects, Bone, Volume 48, Issue 4, 1 April 2011, 677-692.

Abstract: Residual cysts are uncommon odontogenic cysts, which occurs due to incomplete surgical removal of a radicular or other inflammatory cyst. Residual cyst has got similar, clinical and histological findings as that of radiclur cyst, except their presence in extracted site. Here we present a case of huge residual cyst involving more than one half of the mandibular body, its clinical, radiographic, histological features and management is being discussed here

Keywords: Asymptomatic, Edentulous, Residual cyst, Swelling

[1]. Kramer IR. Changing views on oral disease. Proc R Soc Med. 1974;67(4):271–6. [PubMed: 4616250]
[2]. Kadam NS, Ataide Ide N, Raghava P, Fernandes M, Hede R. Management of large radicular cyst by conservative surgical ap-proach: a case report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(2):239–41. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/5763.4069. [PubMed: 24701544]
[3]. Dimitroulis G, Curtin J. Massive residual dental cyst: case report. Aust Dent J. 1998;43(4):234–7. [PubMed: 9775468]
[4]. Neville B, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot J. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders; 2009.
[5]. Dimitroulis G, Curtin J. Massive residual dental cyst: Case report. Aust Dent J 1998;43:234-7

Abstract: Glandular odontogenic cyst is a rare cyst of odontogenic origin .It may present as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency having unpredictable and aggressive behavior. It has a chance of recurrence after surgical excision. It tends to occur in middle aged males. Here we report a case of glandular odontogenic cyst in a 25 year old man.

Keywords: Glandular odontogenic cyst, maxilla, sialo odontogenic cyst

[1]. Padayachee A, Van Wyk CW. Two cystic lesions with features of both the botryoid odontogenic cyst and the central
mucoepidermoid tumour: sialo-odontogenic cyst? J Oral Pathol. 1987; 16: 499–504.
[2]. Gardner DG, Kessler HP, Morency R, Schaner DL. The glandular odontogenic cyst: an apparent entity. J Oral Pathol 1988 ;
17:359–66 .
[3]. Kramer IRH,Pindborg JJ, Shear M Histological typing of odontogenic tumors. In: WHO international histological classification of
tumours. Eds.: Springer−Verlag, Berlin 1992, 2nd ed., 38
[4]. High AS, Main DM, Khoo SP, Pedlar J, Hume WJ.The polymorphous odontogenic cysts. J Oral Pathol Med.1996; 25:25–31.
[5]. Kaplan I, Anavi Y, Hirshberg A. Glandular odontogenic cyst: a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Oral Dis.2008; 14:575–81.

Abstract: This clinical report described the oral rehabilitation of an adult female patient who had experienced significant maxillofacial trauma due to a motor vehicle accident resulting in the loss of multiple maxillary teeth. The specific objectives of this treatment were to restore aesthetics and masticatory function. Treatment included removal of fractured roots, placement of multiple endosseous implants............

Keywords: oral rehabilitation, oral and maxillofacial trauma, dental implants, implant dentistry, early loaded implants

[1] Hui E, Chow J, Li D, Liu J, Wat P, Law H. Immediate provisional for single-tooth implant replacement with Branemark system: preliminary report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2001;3:79–86.
[2] Fugazzotto PA. Implant placement at the time of mandibularmolar extraction: Description of technique and preliminary results of 341 cases. J Periodontol 2008;79:737‑47.
[3] Esposito M et al. : The effectiveness of immediate, early, and conventional loading of dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007 Nov-Dec;22(6):893-904
[4] Schropp L, Kostopoulos L, Wenzel A. Bone healing following immediate versus delayed placement of titanium implants into extraction sockets: a prospective clinical study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:189-199.
[5] Quirynen M, Assche N Van, Botticelli D, Berglundh T. How Does the Timing of Implant Placement to Extraction Affect Outcome ? Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22 (Suppl):203-23.

Abstract: Sacral insufficiency fracture is a known complication after pelvic radiotherapy. The condition can be missed if clinical suspicion is not high er can be misdiagnosed as metastases. Imaging modalities play a vital role in correct diagnosis of this pathology. We describe intriguing 'Butterfly sign'/'Honda sign' in sacro-iliac region on bone scan in a patient of carcinoma cervix............

Keywords: Bone scan, Butterfly sign, Carcinoma cervix, Honda Sign, Sacral insufficiency fracture.

[1]. Lapina O, Tiskevicius S.Sacral insufficiency fracture after pelvic radiotherapy: A diagnostic challenge for a radiologist. Medicina 2014;50:249-254.
[2]. Ikushima H, Osaki K, Furutani S, Yamashita K, Kishida Y, Kudoh T, et al. Pelvic bone complications following radiation therapy of gynecologic malignancies: clinical evaluation of radiation-induced pelvic insufficiency fractures. Gynecol Oncol 2006;103:1100–1104.
[3]. [5] Schmeler KM, Jhingran A, Iyer RB, Sun CC, Eifel PJ, Soliman PT. Pelvic fractures after radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Cancer 2010;116:625–30.

[4]. Lee YJ, Bong HJ, Kim JT, Chung DS. Sacral insufficiency fracture, usually overlooked cause of lumbosacral pain. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008;44:169.

[5]. Blake SP, Connors AM. Sacral insufficiency fracture. Br J Radiol 2004;77:891–896.

Abstract: Moya Moya disease (primary) is an idiopathic, non inflammatory, non-atherosclerotic, progressive vasculo-occlusive disease involving the circle of Willis, typically the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries, followed by extensive collateralization which are prone to hemorrhage, aneurysm and thrombosis. Secondary Moya Moya phenomenon or Moya Moya syndrome occurs in a wide range of clinical scenarios including prothrombotic states such as sickle cell anemia, however it has rarely been reported in association with HbE beta thalassemia intermidia............

Keywords: Moya Moya syndrome ,HbE beta thalassemia intermidia ,rare ,transient ischemic stroke,hemiplegia

[1] Beta-thalassemia intermedia associated with moyamoya syndrome,Basak Karakurum Göksel a,*, Hakan Ozdogu b, Tulin Yildirim c, Levent Og˘uzkurt c, Suheyl Asma b October 2009

[2] Prevention of recurrence of stroke in a patient with sickle cell disease who has Moyamoya Syndrome,Süheyl Asma1, Can Boğa2, Meliha Tan3, Mutlu
[3] Metcalfe SA, Barlow-Stewart K, Campbell J, et al. Genetics and blood hemoglobinopathies and clotting disorders. Aust Fam Physician 2007;36:812–9.
[4] Bhattacharyya M, Kannan M, Chaudhry VP, et al. Hypercoagulable state in five TI ,patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2007;13:422–7.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally representing 13% of female cancers and accounting for 11% of the total cancer deaths. Several studies have reported an association between HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection) and cervical cancer. About 70% of people living with HIV are in Sub Saharan Africa and Zimbabwe is the fifth worst affected nation.............

Keywords: Attitude, Cervical cancer screening, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus), Knowledge, Practice, Zimbabwe

[1]. Center for Disease Control. The global burden of cancer. CDC; 2016.
[2]. Stewart BWKP, Wild CP. World cancer report 2014. World 2015.
[3]. Alsbeih G. Editorial: HPV-Associated Cancers, Socio-Economic Disparity, and Vaccination. Front Oncol 2015;5:223.
[4]. Williamson AL. The Interaction between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Papillomaviruses in Heterosexuals in Africa. J Clin Med 2015;4(4):579-92.
[5]. Ndlovu N, Kambarami R. Factors associated with tumour stage at presentation in invasive cervical cancer. Cent Afr J Med 2003 Sep;49(9-10):107-11.

Abstract: Medical errors are a major problem in all health environment.An important part of medical errors is diagnostic errors. By classifying diagnostic errors we could possible to limit their burden.BetweenOctober 2013 andApril 2015, a number of experts wereasked to analyze the clients' situation whowas prone to an electrodiagnostic pitfall commitment.............

Keywords: Diagnostic, errors, electrodianosis, pitfalls, classification, outcome, type 1, type 2

[1]. Drenthen J, Blok JH, van Heel EB, Visser GH. Limb temperature and nerve conduction velocity during warming with hot water blankets.J Clin Neurophysiol2008;25:104-110.
[2]. Shehab DK, Khuraibet AJ, ButinarD, Abraham MP, Jabre JF. Effectof gender on orthodromic sensory nerve action potential amplitude.Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001;80:718-720.
[3]. Tong HC, Werner RA, Franzblau A. Effect of aging on sensory nerve conduction study parameters. Muscle Nerve2004;29:716-720.
[4]. Fujimaki Y, Kuwabara S, Sato Y, Isose S, Shibuya K, Sekiguchi Y, et al. The effects of age, gender, and body mass index on amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials: multivariate analyses.Clin Neurophysiol2009;120:1683-1686.
[5]. Dumitru D, Walsh NE. Practical instrumentation and common sources of error. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1988;67:55-65.