iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract:This paper assumes that one organ A of a diabetic person is exposed to organ failure due to a two phase risk process and another organ B is exposed to a damage process. Prophylactic treatment starts after an exponential time. In Model 1, his hospitalization for diabetes starts when one of the organs A or B fails or when the prophylactic treatment starts. In Model 2, his hospitalization starts when both the organs A and B are in failed state or when the prophylactic treatment starts.......

Keywords:Diabetic mellitus, Prophylactic treatment, PH phase2 distribution, Linear congruential generator.

[1]. Bhattacharya S.K., Biswas R., Ghosh M.M., Banerjee., (1993), A Study of Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus, Indian Community Med., 18, pp.7-13.
[2]. Foster D.W., Fauci A.S., Braunward E., Isselbacher K.J., Wilson J.S., Mortin J.B., Kasper D.L., (2002), Diabetes Mellitus, Principles of International Medicines,2, 15th edition pp.2111-2126.
[3]. Kannell W.B., McGee D.L.,(1979), Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors- the Framingam Study, Circulation,59,pp. 8-13.
[4]. King H, Aubert R.E., Herman W.H., (1998), Global Burdon of Diabetes 1995-2025: Prevalence, Numerical Estimates and Projections, Diabetes Care 21, p 1414-1431.
[5]. King H and Rewers M.,(1993), Global Estimates for Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Adults: WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Group, Diabetes Care, 16, p157-177.

Abstract: A laser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic radiation. The term "Laser" is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. In 1960, Synthetic ruby laser was the first laser introduced by Theodore Maiman.1Laser radiation is characterized by a low divergence of the radiation beam and, with few exceptions, a well-defined wavelength. Laser light is produced by pumping (energizing) a certain substance, or gain medium, within a resonating chamber.....

[1]. Walsh LJ.The clinical challenge of laser use in periodontics.Periodontol 2000.1996;17:66-72.
[2]. Walsh LJ. Dental lasers: Some basic principles. Postgrad Dent.1994;4:26-29.
[3]. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA, Mizutani K, Sasaki KM, Izumi Y.(2009) Application of lasers in periodontics: True innovation or myth? Periodontology 2000.2009;50: 90–126.

[4]. Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I.Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000.2004;36: 59–97.

[5]. Umberto R, Claudia R, Gaspare P, Gianluca T, and Alessandro DV.

Abstract: Chronic back pain with sciatica represents an important health problem in orthopaedic practice. The number of patients presenting with low back pain with radiculopathy constitute nearly 60% of OPD practice. Patients presenting to us are of rural background involved in heavy physical labour, these symptoms temporarily disables them in earning a livelihood. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of epidural steroid injection on pain relief and functional return in lumbar radiculopathy......

Keywords: Lumbar radiculopathy, Epidural steroid, Oswestry Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale

[1]. Thomas von Rothenburg, Robert Drescher, Odo Koester, Gebhard Schmid. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine after epidural and nerve root injection therapy: evaluation of soft tissue changes. Clinical Imaging 2006;30:331–334.
[2]. Bart W. Koes , Rob J.P.M. Scholten , Jan M.A. Mens,Lex M. Bouter. Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low-back pain and sciatica:a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Pain 1995; 63:279-288.
[3]. Botwin KP et al.Fluroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar stenosis.Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:898-905.
[4]. Wilson MacDonald J, Burt G, Griffith D, Glynn C,Epidural steroid injection for nerve root compression.J Bone Joint Surg 2005;87-B:352-5.
[5]. Ahsan K,Mahmud.A clinical trial of epidural steroid injection in the treatment of low back pain. Dinajpur Med Col J 2011;4(1).

Abstract: Life threatening hemoptysis is one of the most challenging conditions encountered in critical care and requires a thorough and timely investigation. Despite advances in medical and intensive care unit management, massive hemoptysis remains a serious threat. According to recently published data, 28% of chest clinicians had experienced a patient's death from massive hemoptysis [1]. Conservative management of massive hemoptysis carries a mortality rate of 50 % – 100 % (3). The cause of death is usually asphyxiation [2].......

Keywords: hemoptysis, bronchial artery, embolisation

[1]. Haponik EF FA, Chin R. Managing life-threatening hemoptysis: has anything really changed? Chest. 2000;118:1431–5.
[2]. Marshall TJ JJ. Vascular intervention in the thorax: bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis. EurRadiol 1997;7:1221–7.
[3]. Fernando HC, Stein M, Benfield JR, Link DP. Role of bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis. Arch Surg. 1998 Aug;133(8):862-6.
[4]. Marsico Giovanni Antonio GCA, Montessi Jorge, Costa Antonio Miguel Martins da, Madeira Levi. Management of massive hemoptysis with the rigid bronchoscope and cold saline lavage. J Pneumologia. 2003 Oct;29(5):280-6.
[5]. Fraser RS, Pare P, Pare PD. Hemoptysis. In: Fraser RS, Pare P, Pare PD, eds. Diseases of the chest. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, 1988; 394–396.

Abstract: Background: Evaluating feto-maternal outcome in pregnancies with abnormal liquor volume. Methods: 70 pregnant subjects between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation, after thorough history and complete examination who were clinically suspected to have an abnormal amniotic fluid volume (oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios) were subjected to ultrasonographic (USG) assessment of amniotic fluid index. The subjects were closely monitored during pregnancy, labour and puerperium........

Keywords: Aetiology, Congenital anomalies, IUD, NICU admission, Oligohydramnios, Polyhydramnios, Preterm labour.

[1]. Dildy GA III, Lira N, Moise KJ Jr, Riddle GD, Deter RL. Amniotic fluid volume assessment: comparison of ultrasonographic estimates versus direct measurements with a dye-dilution technique in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992; 167:986–94.
[2]. Magann EF, Doherty DA, Chauhan SP, Busch FW, Mecacci F, Morrison JC. How well do the amniotic fluid index and single deepest pocket indices (below the 3rd and 5th and above the 95th and 97th percentiles) predict oligohydramnios and hydramnios? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:164–9.

[3]. Morris JM, Thompson K, Smithey J. The usefulness of ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid in predicting adverse outcome in prolonged pregnancy: a prospective blinded observational study. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 110:989–94.
[4]. Moore TR, Cayle JE. The amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1990; 162:1168–74.
[5]. Magann EF, Perry KG, Chauhan SP, Anfanger PJ, Whitworth NS, Morrison JC. The accuracy of ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid volume in singleton pregnancies: the effect of operator experience and ultrasound interpretative technique. J Clin Ultrasound.1997; 25:249-53.

Abstract: Electrolyte abnormalities are common among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Disorders of potassium homeostasis including both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in type II diabetes mellitus have been documented in literatures of research studies and in clinical practice. Diabetes mellitus type II, a disorder of glucose homeostasis is common in India. Potassium, both serum levels and to a lesser extent dietary intake levels, has been associated with incident diabetes........

Keywords: Type II Diabetes mellitus, Hypokalemia, Fasting plasma glucose.

[1]. Nam han cho, Veeno basant rai et al,regional fact sheets, south east asia at a glance, internationadiabetes federation Diabetes atlas, 2013 , sixth edition, page : 11
[2]. Liamis G, Milionis HJ, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hypocalcemia. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27: 635-642
[3]. Liamis G, Kalogirou M, Saugos V, Elisaf M. Therapeutic approach in patients with dysnatraemias. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 1564-1569
[4]. Liamis G, Rodenburg EM, Hofman A, Zietse R, Stricker BH, Hoorn EJ. Electrolyte disorders in community subjects: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med 2013; 126: 256-263
[5]. Elisaf MS, Tsatsoulis AA, Katopodis KP, Siamopoulos KC. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1996; 34: 23-27

Abstract: Introduction: Currently, FNAC is the preferred diagnostic method for the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules since 0.5% of cancer-related deaths accounts in relation to thyroid cancer. Early diagnosis is important for higher life expectancy due to slow progressing characteristics of thyroid gland cancers. In addition to clinical information for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid lesions, radiographic evaluation of the soft tissues of the neck and FNAC studies are essential for better diagnosis and treatment. The use of Ultrasound in the assessment of thyroid disease has greatly increased the detection of small thyroid nodules unrecognized at clinical examination.........

Keywords:Thyroid lesions, Fine needle aspiration technique, Ultrasoundmapping,Cytology,Histopathology

[1]. 1 Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR. The significance of nontoxic thyroid nodule: final report of a 15 year study of incidence of thyroid malignancy. Ann Int Med 1968, 69, 537.
[2]. 2 Gharib H. FNAB of thyroid: An appraisal. Ann Int Med 1993, 118, 282.
[3]. 3 Rojeski MT, Gharib H. Nodular thyroid disease: evaluation and management. New England J Med 1985, 313, 428.
[4]. 4 Kaur K, Sonkhya N, Bapna AS, Mital P: A comparative study of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Ultrasonography and Radionucleotide scan in management of solitary thyroid nodule: A prospective analysis of 50 cases. Indian Journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery 2002, 54, 96.
[5]. 5 Gharib H. Thyroid nodule guidelines, EndocrPract 2006, 12, 63-102.

Abstract: In our country poor living condition, social taboo and child marriage have resulted in increased incidence of diseases related to genitourinary system. Of these, adnexal mass forms a large proportion.The first major application of ultrasound was done in 1912 to search for Titanic. First ultrasonic generator was made in France in 1917. In 1950 first clinical use was done by Howry et al when he scanned the abdomen with subject immersed in water. In 1950 Ludwig & struthers used it to detect foreign body & gallstone. In 1956 Mudt & Hughes used Ophthalmic by A Scan. Together with Mac Vicar & Brown, Ian Donald of Glasgow developed the first 2-D contrast scanner in 1958. Kossof of Australia described the modern high resolution gray scale technique in 1972....

[1]. Alpern MB, Sandler MA, Madrazo BL. Sonographic feature of parovarian cysts and their complications. AJR 1984; 143 : 157-160.
[2]. Baltariowich OH, Kurtz AB, Pasto ME et al. the spectrum of sonographic findings in Haemorrhagic ovarian cysts. AJR 1987; 148 : 901-905.
[3]. Barloon TJ, Brown BP, Abu-yoursef MM et al. Paraovarian and paratubal cysts : Preoperative diagnosis using transabdominal and transvaginal sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 1996; 24 : 117-122.
[4]. Benacerraf BR, Finkler NJ, Wojciechowski C, Knapp RC. Sonographic accuracy in the diagnosis of ovarian masses. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 1990; 35 (5) : 491-495.
[5]. Bhom-Velez M, Mendelson EB. Transvaginal sonography : Applications, Equipment and Technique. In : Transvaginal Ultrasound. Nyberg DA, Hill LM, Bhom-velez M, Mendelson EB (ed.) Mosby Year Book, St. Louis, 1992 : 1-20.

Abstract: This study was carried out at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria. It assessed iron-related parameters 69 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients aged 9-65 years and 55 age-matched HIV sero-negative apparently healthy individuals. Immunochromatographic method was employed for HIV screening. The CD4 cell count and full blood count were carried out by automation (Cyflow SL3 and Sysmex respectively). Serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined colorimetrically with test kits from TECO Diagnostics, USA, while percentage transferrin saturation with iron was derived by calculation........

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, iron, serum ferritin

[1]. F. Kirchholf and G. Silvestri, Is Nef the elusive cause of HIV-Associated haematooetic dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 118, 2008, 1622-1625.
[2]. J.T. Friel and T.D. Scadden, Haematological manifestations of HIV Infection. 2011, http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hematologic_manifestation_of_hiv-infection-aknaemia
[3]. P.J. Ogbe, O.A. Idoko, A.C. Ezimah, K.A. Digban and B.O. Oguntayo, Evaluation of iron status in anaemia of chronic disease among patients with HIV infection. Clinical laboratory science 25(1), 2012, 7-12.
[4]. O.A. Ajose, S.O. Banjoko, O.A. Olasode, V.A. Oyegunle and J.B. Fakunle, Plasma biochemical parameters as surrogate prognostic markers in HIV-1 infected patients. Research Journal of Medical Science, 2, 2008, 163-165.
[5]. M. Cheesbrough, District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries (Part II 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2006).

Abstract: Indwelling Medical Devices (IMDs) are significant in patient care and due to their routine use in hospitals, critical patients easily become vulnerable to microbial colonization. Colonization of such devices by biofilm producing bacteria is a universal phenomenon and should not be ignored as it leads to resistant infections. A device-related infection (DRI) is an infection in a patient with a device (intravascular catheter, endotracheal tube or indwelling urinary catheter) that was in use for at least 48 hours before the onset of infection. Increased use of indwelling devices in hospitalized patient has increased the incidence of DRI, especially blood stream infections, originating from the microbial colonization of the intravascular catheter.......

[1]. Monil Singhai, Abida Malik, Mohd. Shahid,1 Mohd. Ashraf Malik, Rajeev Goyal. A Study on Device-Related Infections with Special Reference to Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Resistance.J Glob Infect Dis. 2012 Oct-Dec; 4(4): 193–198.
[2]. Robert Horvath and Peter Collignon Controlling intravascular catheter infections . Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Prescriber Vol. 26 No. 2 2003.
[3]. Stephen P. Hawser and l. Julia Douglas Biofilm Formation by Candida Species on the Surface of Catheter Materials In Vitro, Department of Microbiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom. infection and immunity, Mar. 1994, p. 915-921.
[4]. SarojGolia, Vivek Hittinahalli, Sangeetha K. T, Vasudha C. L. study of biofilm formation as a virulence marker in candida species isolated from various clinical specimens. Journal of evaluation of medical and dental sciences, volume 1/ issue 6/ december 2012

Abstract: Gingival growths over the years are one of the most encounted lesions in oral cavity. These localized lesions including focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). These lesions may arise as a result of irritants such as trauma, microorganisms, plaque, calculus, restorations and dental appliances. Out of them, one of the infrequently occurring gingival lesions is peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF)........

Keywords: Epulis, Fibroma, Gingiva,Granuloma,Ossifying, Polyp.

[1]. Waldron CA. Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993; 51:828–35.

[2]. Farquhar T, Maclellan J, Dyment H, Anderson RD. Peripheral ossifying fibroma: a case report. J Can Dent Assoc. 2008 Nov; 74(9):809-12.
[3]. Khan FY, Jan SM, Mushtaq M. Multicentric peripheral ossifying fibroma: A case report and review of the literature. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:648-52.

[4]. Baumgartner JC, Stanley HR, Salomone JL. Peripheral ossifying fibroma. J Endod. 1991 Apr; 17(4):182-5.
[5]. Buchner A, Hansen LS: The histomorphologic spectrum of peripheral ossifying fibroma., Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987; 63(4):452-461.

Abstract: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) is one of the clinical tools to evaluate vestibular function. The VEMP can be recorded from sternocleidomastoid muscle by auditory stimulation with various sound stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare parameter of cVEMP and oVEMP responses as measured by click tone and tone burst across gender in healthy young individuals. Total Sixty adult participants were taken, age range from 18-25 years (mean age 21.6 years, S.D. 1.48). Participants were divided into two groups.......

[1]. Kumar, K., Sinha, S. K., Bharti, A. K., & Barman. A. (2010). Comparison of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials elicited by click and short duration tone burst stimuli. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 125(4), 343-347.
[2]. American National Standard Institute. (1991). Maximum permissible ambient noise for audiometric test rooms. ANSI S3.1-1991, New York, N. Y., USA.
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[4]. American National Standard Institute. (1969). Specification for Audiometers. ANSI S3.6.
[5]. New York: American National Standard Institute. Carhart & Jerger, 1959. Preferred method for clinical determination of pure tone thresholds. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorder, 24, 330-345.

Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection(UTI) including asymptomatic bacteriuria,cystitis and acute pyelonephritis are the most common bacterial infections encountered during pregnancy. Women are at increased risk of UTI because of several altered factors during pregnancy and postpartum period. Aims and Objestives: The main objectives of the study is to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and to identify the type of organism causing bactiruria, their sensitivity to antibiotis, its relation to parity and gestational period.........

Keywords: Urinary tract infection,Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Pregnancy.

[1]. Bachman Robert H et al, A study of various tests to detect asymptomatic urinary tract infections in an obstretric population Jma Oct 27, 1993, Vol 270, No 6 EPA Journal Holdings report EPA / 220-3-96-809 , 1994
[2]. Hankins GDV Whalley P.J. Acute urinary tract infection in pregnancy, Clin. Obs&Gynaecol. 28, 226, 1985.
[3]. Kass E H Arch, Bacteruria and pyelonephritis of pregnancy Edward H. Kass MD phd AMA Arch intern Med 1960: 105 (2): 194-198
[4]. Van Dorston & Bannister E.R, Diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnant women

Abstract: Background: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) sponsored Public Private Partnership (PPP) is undermined by poor participation by private practitioners (PPs).There is an urgent need to realizefactors influencing private practitioners' preference of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) for their patients. We attempted to study the knowledge and current practice characteristics of PPs while managing TB patients and to identify factors influencing their referral preferences for sputum microscopy and treatment under DOTS.........

Keywords:Public Private Partnership, Tuberculosis referral, Notification

[1] WHO, Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. Available from:http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/.
[2] Thakur J S,SitanshuSekharKar, AlkaSehgal, Rajesh Kumar. Private sector involvement in tuberculosis control in Chandigarh. Indian J Tuberc. 2006; 53. 149-153.
[3] Mishra R, Chatterjee R, Rao S. Private health care in India. In: India Health Report. Oxford University Press. New Delhi.2003: pp103-19.
[4] Yeole RD, Khillare K, Chadha VK, Lo T, Kumar AMV. Tuberculosi case notification by private practitioners in Pune, India: how well are we going? PHA 2015;5(3):173-8.
[5] Satyanarayana S, Nir SA, Chadha SS et al. From where are tuberculosispatients accessing treatment in India? Results from a cross sectional community based survey of 30 districts. PLOS ONEn2011;6:e24160.

Abstract: Background: Modern restorative dentistry offers many methods of restoring the carious teeth. The advancements in adhesive dentistry have brought significant changes in the treatment of caries. Dental composite formulations have been continuously evolving ever since BISGMA was introduced to dentistry by Boven in 1962. The composite materials can be divided into direct and indirect resin composites (IRC). Indirect composite restorations are usually recommended in posterior teeth requiring large restorations. Aim: To evaluate the restorative techniques using indirect composites as a treatment modality for grossly carious molars........

Keywords: Direct Resin Composite, Indirect Resin Composites(IRCs), Composite Inlay, Polymerization Shrinkage, Wear Resistance, Interproximal Contacts

[1]. GiuseppeI, Andrea(2008) –Indirect Composite restorations in the Posterior Region-International Journal of Clinical Dentistry, January Volume 1, Issue 1
[2]. Petropoulou A, Pantzari F, Nomikos N, Chronopoulos V and Kourtis S (2013)The Use of Indirect Resin Composites in Clinical Practice: A Case Series - Petropoulou et al., Dentistry, 3:3
[3]. Miara P (1998) Aesthetic guidelines for second-generation inlays and onlaycomposite restorations. PracPeriodontAesthet Dent 10: 423-431.
[4]. MárciaBorba, Álvaro Della Bona,DiletaCecchetti(2009)Flexural strength and hardness of direct and indirect composites - Braz Oral Res;23(1):5-10

Abstract: Pyogenic ventriculits refers to suppurative intraventricular collections, is a rare complication resulting from extension of meningitis or foci of cerebral abscess[7] . Though clinically indolent , it is extremely lethal and an early diagnosis remains the only hope to improve the prognosis[7] .There are hardly a few articles describing its radiological findings .........

Keywords: Pyogenic ventriculits , diffusion weighted MR imaging , lethal , rare complication

[1] Rana S, Albayram S, Lin D, Yousem D. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps in a case of intracerebral abscess with ventricular extension. AJNR 2002; 23:109-112
[2] Melanie B. Fukuia, Robert L. Williamsa and Sanjay Mudigonda,American Journal of Neuroradiologywww.ajnr.org,AJNR 2001 22: 1510-1516,CT and MR Imaging Features of Pyogenic Ventriculitis
[3] AkiraFujikawa1, Kazuhiro,Tsuchiya2, Keita,Honya2 and Toshiaki,Nitatori2 Comparison of MRI Sequences to Detect Ventriculitis American Journal of Roentgenology. 2006;187: 1048-1053. 10.2214/AJR.04.1923
[4] Intracranial Infections: Clinical and Imaging Characteristics,Taylor francis online,DOI:10.1080/02841850701477728,B. R. Foerstera, M. M. Thurnhera, P. N. Malania, M. Petroua, F. Carets-Zumelzua & P. C. Sundgrena,pages 875-89
[5] Gordon W Jung, MD,1 Michael D Parkins, MD FRCPC,2 and Deirdre Church, MD PhD FRCPC2,3,4,Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2009 Autumn; 20(3): e107–e109.,PMCID: PMC2770311,Pyogenic ventriculitis complicating Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infective endocarditis: A case report and literature review