iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: The dentist's play an important role in palliative care by improving the quality of life of the patient. Palliative care has gained importance in the recent years. A trained dentist will be a good team mate for the oncologist, radiotherapist and other doctors of the palliative care team. Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families through the prevention and relief of suffering by early........

Keywords: Dentistry; Oral Cavity; Hospice

[1]. C. Sepúlveda, A. Marlin, T. Yoshida, and A. Ullrich, "Palliative care: the World Health Organization's global perspective," Journal of pain and symptom management, vol. 24, pp. 91-96, 2002.
[2]. R. Saini, P. Marawar, S. Shete, S. Saini, and A. Mani, "Dental expression and role in palliative treatment," Indian J Palliat Care, vol. 15, pp. 26-9, Jan 2009.
[3]. (20th January). Palliative Care. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palliative_care
[4]. P. Glare, "Palliative care in teaching hospitals: achievement or aberration," Prog Palliat Care, vol. 6, pp. 4-9, 1998.
[5]. L. L. Alexander and E. MTPW, "Palliative care and pain management at the end of life," CME, 2011.

Abstract: A 37 years old infertile nulligravida married for last 17 years admitted with chief complaint of frequent heavy prolonged menstrual bleeding with weakness since two months. She was a known case of chronic menorrhagia since menarche (last 26 yrs). She had a history of repeated dilatation and curettage followed by diagnostic hysteroscopytwo years back but no reports.......

Keywords: Polyp,Adenomyomatous,Fibroid, Infertility.

[1]. Reslova T, Tosner J, Resl M, Kugler R, Vavrova, I. Endometrial polyps: a clinical study of 245 cases. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1999;262:133-39.
[2]. Sternberg SS, Mills SE, Carter D. Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004;2460.
[3]. Kim MR, Kim YA, Jo MY, Hwang KJ, Ryu HS. High frequency of endometrial polyps in endometriosis. J Am AssocGynecolLaparosc. 2003;10:46–8.
[4]. Anastasiadis PG, Koutlaki NG, Skaphida PG, Galazios GC, Tsikouras PN, Liberis VA. Endometrial polyps: prevalence, detection, and malignant potential in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Eur J GynaecolOncol 2000;21:180-83.
[5]. Savelli L, De Iacco P, Santini D, et al.Histopathologic features and risk factors for benignity, hyperplasia, and cancer in endometrial polyps. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:927-31.

Abstract: RTIs are also known to act as one of the risk factor for transmission of HIV. The Objectives of the present study is to find the prevalence of Reproductive tract infections among both symptomatic and asymptomatic women and also to assess the levels of knowledge of women regarding RTIs and its prevention after taking treatment. 122 married asymptomatic and symptomatic women were explained about the study. Diagnosis of RTIs and treatment has given to patients based on the relevant history, gynecological examination, vaginal or cervical discharge examination....

Key Words: Reproductive Tract Infections, Women, Assymptomatic Women and Symptomatic Women.

[1]. YS. Marfatia, A. Sharma, SP. Joshipura., Overview of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. In: Valia RG, Valia AR, Editors. IADVL Textbook of Dermatology. Mumbai, Bhilani Publishing House. 2010, 1766-77.

[2]. SS. Balmurugan and ND. Bendigeri ND, Community- based study of reproductive tract infections among women of the reproductive age group in the urban health training centre area in Hubli, Karnataka, Indian J Community Med, 37, 2012, 34-8.
[3]. S. Garg, N. Sharma, P. Bhalla, R.Sahay, R.Saha, U. Raina et al, Reproductive morbidity in an Indian urban slum: Need for health action, Sexually transmitted infections, 2002;78:68-69.
[4]. R. Sahay, P. Bhalla, S.Garg, Mehra Malti, An epidemiological and sociological study of symptomatic and asymptomatic RTI and STI among women in an urban slum Report on task force project: Special programme of research development and training in human reproduction, Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi 2000.

Abstract: Aim of the study: To examine how zinc deficiency or supplementation affects calcium and phosphorus levels in the serum. Methodology: This study was carried out on 30 adult rats of Spraque-Dawley species. The rats were allocated to three groups: Group 1: Control, Group 2: Zinc-supplemented, Group 3: Zinc-deficient. Blood samples were taken from the experimental animals and analysis was done in terms of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Zinc levels.....

Keywords: Zinc, Calcium and Phosphorus.

[1]. J Z Ilich, J E Kerstetter (2000), "Nutrition in bone health revisited: a story beyond calcium", J. Am. Colloid. Nutr., 19, pp. 715– 737.
[2]. T Haim, D Kenneth (2003), "Trace elements in human physiology and pathology: zinc and metallothioneins", Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 57, pp.399–411.
[3]. G Howard, M Andon, M Bracker, P Saltman, L Strause (1992), "Low serum copper, a risk factor additional to low dietary calcium in postmenopausal bone loss", J Trace Elem Exp Med, 5, pp.23–31.
[4]. O Itanı, R C Tsang (1996), Bone disease. Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis, and correlation, Mosby, London.
[5]. N R Calhoun, J C Smith, K L Becker (1974), "The role of zinc in bone metabolism", Orthopedics, 103, pp.212–34.

Abstract: Background: Although tension free inguinal hernia repair with mesh are standard technique for hernia, the tissue-based techniques are still acceptable for primary inguinal hernia repair according to the European Hernia Society guidelines. Desarda's no mesh technique, introduced in 2001, is a method of hernia repair using an undetached strip of external oblique aponeurosis. This study compared outcomes after hernia repair with Desarda (D) and Bassini (B) techniques........

Keywords: Inguinal hernia , Desarda's repair, Bassini repair,VAS, Hospital stay.

[1]. Primatesta P and Goldacre MJ. Inguinal hernia repair: incidence of elective and emergency surgery, readmission and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25: 835-839.
[2]. Situma SM. Comparison of Desarda versus modified Bassini inguinal Hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. East Cent Afr J Surg 2009;14:70-6
[3]. Szczesny W, Szopinski J, Reslinski A. Early postoperative pain after Lichtenstein and Desarda hernioplasty. Polish Surg 2010;12:67-75.
[4]. Genc V, Ensari C, Ergul Z. A very late-onset deep infection after prosthetic inguinal hernia repair. Chirurgia 2010; 105: 555-7.
[5]. Subwongcharoen S. Outcome of inguinal hernia repair. Total extraperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair versus open tension-free hernia repair Lichtenstein technique. J Med Assoc Thai 2002; 85: 1100-1104.

Abstract: A young male presented to the ophthalmology department with history of recurrent bleeds into the left eye .He was thoroughly evaluated, and surgically managed, visually rehabilitated .The literature on tumors of the iris is reviewed and protocols for management of iris tumor with recurrent hyphema are discussed.No financial disclosures .The authors acknowledge the evaluation performed at SankaraNethralaya , Chennai and the histological examination and report by Anand Institute of Laboratory Sciences, Bengaluru.

Keywords: Recurrent hyphema, Iris hemangioma , iris tumor

[1]. Broaddeus E , Lystad LD, Schonfield L, SinghAD Iris varix :report of a case and review of vascular anamolies.
[2]. SurvOphthalmol 2009 Jan - Feb 54(1) 118-127
[3]. Shields L Carol, MD, KalikiSwathi , MD, Hutchinson Anne , BS, Nickerson Stephanie , BS, PatelJinali , BS,KancherlaSwarupa , BS, PeshtaniAni , BS, NakhodaShazia , BS, Kocher Kristen , BS, et al Iris Nevus Growth into Melanoma: Analysis of 1611 Consecutive Eyes-The ABCDEF Guide ,Ophthalmology 2013;120:766–772 , 2013
[4]. Schmidbauer JM , Bink RO , Dans W, Volcker HE Melanoma of the iris with recurrent hyphema - course over 32 years
[5]. Arch Ophthalmol 2000,May 118 (5) 707-710.

Abstract: Objective(s): To assess the reliability of maternal serum creatine kinase in diagnosis of tubal pregnancy and to look for the clinical and laboratory parameters in these patients. Method(s): Maternal venous blood was taken for estimation of serum creatine kinase before any invasive procedure. Creatine kinase level was detected by UV kinetic method-NAC activated. The correlation of CPK levels in patients with tubal pregnancy and controls with normal intrauterine pregnancy was done. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis have been used to analyse the data...........

[1]. Cunningham, F.G., F. Norman and Cant et al,2005.Williams Obstetrics. Mcgraw. Hill Companies,pp:253-272.
[2]. Jonathan S. and Berek,2007.Novaks Gynecology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,pp:602-635.
[3]. Kimata,P.,N. Amar, J.L. benifla and P.Madelenat,2002.Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Revue Du Praticien,52(16):1781-4.
[4]. Ectopic pregnancy Kids Health 2006-11-26 reviewed by Serdar Ural 2004.
[5]. Deeherney AH, Maheaux R. Salphingostomy for ectopic pregnancy in the sole patent oviduct. Fert Steril 1982;37:619.

Abstract: Sebaceous adenoma is rare lesion and frequently misdiagnosed clinically as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Sebaceous carcinoma are still rarer lesions taking origin from sebaceous glands.We report a case of sebaceous carcinoma on upper eyelid which was a diagnostic dilemma.Biopsy in this case was sent to us with clinical diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma/Meibomian gland carcinoma. This case is being presented solely to focus on the fact that a small or rather superficial biopsy can lead to a diagnostic dilemma

Keywords: Sebaceous carcinoma, malignant, eyelid, sebaceous adenoma.

[1]. Upendra k Wali, Abdullah Al-Mujaini.Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid.Oman J Ophthalmol.2010;3(3):117-121.
[2]. Shundre Terrel,RobinWetter,GarthFraga,TheldaKestenbaum,Daniel J Aires.Penile sebaceous adenoma.JAAD2007;57(2):542-543.
[3]. Henry T Lynch,RamonFusaro,Patrick M Lynch.Sebaceousskin lesions as clues to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.Jour of Investigative Dermatology 2006;126:2158-2159.
[4]. Puja Sahai, Karuna Singh, Aman Sharma, RanajoyGhosh,PrernaNembang,ChitraSarkar,BidhuKalyan.Recurrent sebaceous carcinoma of scalp in a young male treated with adjuvant radiotherapy.Jour of Cancer research and therapeutics 2013;9(4):730-732.
[5]. Tumors and related lesions of sebaceous glands. In: McKee's pathology of the skin ;Elsevier Saunders. fourth edition;2012:1495-1496.

Abstract: Myopia is considered as one of the important public health problems, especially in the urban population in India. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence of myopia in high school children of 13-15 years age group and to assess the socio demographic features among myopia children by comparing between Government and Private schools.........

Keywords:Myopia, School Children, Government and Private Schools.

[1]. R.Dandona, L.Dandona. Refractive error blindness. Bull World Health Organ, 79, 2001, 237–243.
[2]. DR.Fredrick, Clinical review: Myopia, British Medical Journal, 324, 2002, 1195-1199.
[3]. DO.Mutti, GL.Mitchell, ML.Moeschberger, LA.Jones and K.Zadnick, Parental myopia, nearwork, school achievement, and children's refractive error, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 43, 2002, 3633-3640.
[4]. I.Morgan, and K.Rose, How genetic is school myopia?, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 24, 2005, 1-38.
[5]. IG.Morgan, K.Ohno-Matsui, SM.Saw, Myopia, Lancet, 379, 2012, 1739-48.

Abstract: Vaginal Bleeding occurring in an early pregnancy pose diagnostic challenges for bothobstetrician and sonologist. It is a symptom that frequently interrupts the normaldevelopment of early gestation. Despite the latest technological development and laboratory diagnosis the desired goal of early recognition is often not-achieved. Vaginal bleeding during first trimester has been estimated to occur in 16% of all pregnant women while frequency of spontaneous abortion is estimated at 10-20%. Prior to the era of ultra sonogram diagnosing the cause of bleeding in First Trimester has been based on history and clinical findings and often confirmed by positive or negative pregnancy test. These are neither specific in indicating the cause of bleeding nor they aid in decision-making.

[1]. Blumenfeld. Z. et al . Transvaginal Sonographic assessment of early embryological development. In T. Tritsch and S. Rolten (eds) Trans vaginal Sonography London. Heinemann 1988 Pp 87-108.
[2]. Benacerraf B.R. Intra uterine growth retardation in the first trimester associated with triploidy J.Ultrasound Med 7:153,1988.
[3]. Clucote . W. S. and Asokan . S. Evaluation of first trimester pregnancy by ultrasound. clin. Obstet. Gynaecol 20:253, 1977.
[4]. Chard, T Frequency of Implantation and Early pregnancy was in natural cycles. In Ballieres Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology (Vol 5 (1) P.179, 199)
[5]. Campbell,S.Ultrasound in Obstetrics.Br.J.Hosp.Med 8:541,1972

Abstract: Linear porokeratosis is a rarest type among five classical type of porokeratosis manifested by grouped hyperkeratotic annular lesions with distinct keratotic edge and atrophic centre, arranged in linear pattern along the line of Blaschko usually on distal extremities. It probably results from an abnormal clone of epidermal precursors.........

Keywords:Hyperkeratotic annular, Keratotic edge, linear porokeratosis

[1]. Giovanni E. Lorenz, DO; Steven E. Ritter, MD. Linear Porokeratosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cutis. 2008;81:479-483.
[2]. Malhotra SK. Linear porokeratosis. Dermatology Online Journal 2007;13:15.
[3]. Mibelli V. Contributo allo studio della ipercheratosi dei canali sudoriferi. G Ital Mal Veneree Pelle. 1893;28:
313-355.
[4]. Respighi E. Di una ipercheratosi non ancora descritta. G Ital Mal Veneree Pelle. 1893;28:356-386.
[5]. Wolff-Schreiner EC. Porokeratosis. In: Fitzpatrick T, Eisen A, Wolff K, et al, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine. Vol 1. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1999:624-630.

Abstract: Background /Aims: Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection has been reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) to have attained hyperendemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa. Routine screening of the general population in Nigerian laboratories for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) frequently uses rapid techniques such as the immunochromatographic assay (ICA). This study aimed to compare an immunochromatographic technique with the more widely accepted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique for the detection of (HBsAg) in Calabar, southern Nigeria.........

Keywords: Calabar, ELISA, hepatitis B virus, Immunochromatography.

[1]. JK Khan, DS Lone, A Hameed , et al. Evaluation of the performance of two rapid immunochromatographic tests for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti HCV antibodies using elisa tested samples. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 16, 2010, 84-87.
[2]. A Chowdhury . Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in India, Hepatitis B Annual, 1, 2004, 17-24.
[3]. L L Ching, RVlad, Y Man-Fung, P Thierry. Viral hepatitis B, The Lancet, 362, 2003, 2089-94.
[4]. WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2002.2:Hepatitis B. www.who.int/emc. Site assessed 12th January 2012.
[5]. CJ Uneke ,O Ogbu , PU Inyama et al. Prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen among blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Jos, Nigeria. MemInst Oswaldo Cruz, 100, 2005, 13-16.

Abstract: Multiple variations of the branches of abdominal aorta were observed during a routine dissection of the abdominal region in a male cadaver of approximately 50-years, in the Department of Anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. The coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery which are ventral branches of the abdominal aorta, are the major source of blood supply to the derivatives of foregut and midgut. Usually, the celiac trunk divides into the splenic, common hepatic and left gastric arteries to supply this region.........

Keywords: coeliaco-mesenteric trunk, hepato-mesenteric trunk, gastro-splenic trunk, superior mesenteric artery , anastomosis.

[1]. Sadler TW. Langman's medical embryology. 10th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 2008.
[2]. Nayak S. Hepatomesenteric trunk and gastro-splenicophrenic trunk. Int J Anat Variat. 2008;1:2-3.
[3]. Van damme JP, Bonte J. The branches of the coeliac trunk. Acta Anat. 1985;122:110-4.
[4]. Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, et al. Gray's anatomy. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1995.
[5]. Kahraman G, Marur T, Tanyeli E, Yyldyrym M. Hepatomesenteric trunk. Surg Radiol Anat. 2001;23:433-5.

Abstract: Jatrophatanjorensisis a medicinal plantwhich has been applied to cure many ailments. Its family members - Euphorbiaceae, contain several toxic substances. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of aqueous extract of J. tangorensison the testes of adult wistar rats.A total of twenty four (24) male wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were separated into three experimental groups with eight rats in each group. Group I was the control group, Group II and III were used as the treatment groups.........

Keywords: Jatrophatanjorensis, Testes, Sperm cells, Wistar rats

[1]. Borget M, Spice Plants, the Technical Center for Agricultural andRural Co-operation (CTA). 1st Edn., The Macmillan Press Ltd., Macmillan, 1993.
[2]. Ozolua RI, Eriyamremu GE, Okene EO, Ochei U.Hpoglycaemic effects of viscous preparation of irvingiagabonensis (Dikanut) seeds in streptozotocin induced wistar rats. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants 2006; 12: 1-9.
[3]. Akpulu, IN, Dada JO, OdamaEL, Galadma H. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Nig. J. Bot. 1994; 7: 45-48.
[4]. Aibinu I, Adenipekun E, Odugbemi T. Emergence of quinoline resistance amongst E, Coli strains isolated from clinical infections in some Lagos State Hospitals in Nigeria. Nig. J. Health Biomed. Sci. 2004; 3: 73-78.
[5]. Iwalewa, EO, Adewunmi CO, Omisore NO, Adebanji OA,Azikeet CK et al.,Pro-antioxidant effects and cytoprotective potentials of nine edible vegetables in Southwest Nigeria. J. Med. Food 2005; 8: 539- 44

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to establish a method by single nucleotide polymorphism detection from a single cell using the whole genomic amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR (RFLP-PCR). Methods: Genomic DNA was first prepared and wholly amplified from 80 biopsied blastomeres using the Sure Plex DNA Amplification System. Then, PCR was carried out on a single blastomere for the most frequent mutations, 235delC in GJB2 gene and 1555A>G in 12SrRNA gene.........

Keywords: Deafness gene, Single cell; the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP); Vertical transmission; whole genome amplification (WGA)

[1]. Rennels M, Pickering LK: Sensorineural hearing loss in children.Lancet 2005, 365:2085e2086
[2]. C.C. Morton, W.E. Nance, Newborn hearing screening. A silent revolution, N. Engl.J. Med. 354 (2006) 2151–2164.
[3]. Petit C, Levilliers J, Hardelin JP: Molecular genetics of hearing loss.Annu Rev Genet 2001, 35:589e646
[4]. Van Camp, R. Smith, The Hereditary Hearing Loss Homepage. http://hereditaryhearingloss. org, July 30, 2012.
[5]. Wangemann P: Kt cycling and the endocochlear potential. Hear Res 2002, 165:1e9

Abstract: Barodontalgia is caused whenever the pulp is exposed to differential pressure gradient. In the service men it can occur when they are in aviation (Air force) or when they have to dive deep for recreation, training or duty (Navy seals).Currently as air travel becomes affordable and common more passengers also complain of discomfort during the take off and landing time.........

Keywords: Barotrauma , Dental pain , Service Men , Airforce Pilots, Air Passengers, Navy Seals, Divers .

[1]. Kieser J, Holborow D The prevention and management of oral barotrauma. N Z Dent J. 1997 Dec;93(414):114-6.

[2]. Lyons KM, Rodda JC, Hood JA ,Barodontalgia: a review, and the influence of simulated diving on microleakage and on the retention of full cast crowns. Mil Med. 1999 Mar;164(3):221-7.

[3]. Hutchins HC, Reynolds OE.Experimental investigation of the referred pain of aerodontalgia.J Dent Res. 1947 Feb;26(1):3-8.

[4]. Carpousis A. Aviation and teeth with special reference to aerodontalgia. J Aviat Med. 1954 Dec;25(6):675-9.

[5]. Curveille J, Robert P, Burgeat P. [Toothache in aviator; 87 case reports of aerodontalgia]. Med Aeronaut Spat. 1957;12(3):249-57.

Abstract: Maxillofacial trauma in paediatric patients is always a challenge for the surgeons. Absence of any completely defined protocols has made the initial trauma management in paediatric population very complex. Aim of this study was to perform a retrospective and prospective study to analyse the pattern and treatment of maxillofacial trauma in paediatric and adolescent patients. 100 patients of 0 -18 years age group selected from the OPD of Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental & Medical Sciences, Lucknow, and Dr. O.P.............

[1]. Cardenas JLM, Olate S, Asprino L, Barbosa JRA, Moraes M, Moreira WF. Pattern and treatment of facial trauma in pediatric and adolescent patients. J CraniofacSurg 2011; 22: 1251-1255.
[2]. Singh G, Mohammad S, Pal US, Hariram, Malkunje LR, Singh N. Pediatric facial injuries: Its management. Natl J MaxillofacSurg 2011; 2(2): 156-162.
[3]. Iida S, Matsuya T. Paediatric maxillofacial fractures: their aetiological characters and fracture patterns. J Cranio-MaxillofacSurg 2002; 30: 237-241.
[4]. Gassner R, Bosch R, Tuli T, Emshoff R. Prevalence of dental trauma in 6000 patients with facial injuries. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 1999; 87: 27-33.
[5]. Wymann NME, Holzle A, Zachariou Z, Iizuka T. Pediatric craniofacial trauma. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 2008; 66: 58-64.

Abstract: A 32 year old male patient presented with complaints of pain and swelling in the right forearm since one year without any preceding factors. On examination the swelling was tense and tender, radiological investigation showed multiple cavities in the proximal aspect of right radius and ulna with periosteal reactions. Ultrasonography showed break in the cortex and the connecting tract of infection from the medullary canal to the muscular layer. We posted the case for incision drainage, debridement and curettage. Post operatively covered with high dose antibiotics. Followup showed excellent prognosis and patient returned to his activities. Such a presentation is rare, hence we are publishing.

Keywords: Osteomyelitis; Radius; Ulna.

[1]. Tice AD, Hoaglund PA, Shoultz DA. Outcomes of osteomyelitis among patients treated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. American Journal of Medicine.2003;114(9):723-8.
[2]. Mader JT, Shirtliff ME, Bergquist SC, Calhoun J. Antimicrobial treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1999;360:47-65. Riyaz NN et al. Int Surg J. 2015 Nov;2(4):703-705 International Surgery Journal | October-December 2015 | Vol 2 | Issue 4 Page 705
[3]. Daver NG, Shelburne SA, Atmar RL. Oral stepdown therapy is comparable to intravenous therapy for Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis," Journal of Infection. 2007;54(6):539-44.
[4]. Roberts JM, Drummond DS, Breed AL, Chesney J. Subacute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children: a retrospective study. J Pediatr Orthop. 1982;2:249- 54.
[5]. Richter R, Krause FJ. Primary diaphyseal tuberculosis of the long bones. Rofo. 1983;139:549- 52. Cite this article as: Riyaz NN, Sunku N. Primary diaphyseal osteomyelitis of radius in adult: a rare case report. Int Surg J 2015;2:703-5.

Abstract: Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is a rare neoplasm of the chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic nervous system that occurs within the layers of the bladder wall. The diagnosis is based largely on the presence of clinical symptoms related to catecholamine hypersecretion, although the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder must be excluded. A young male patient of 26 year age presented with haematuria ,paroxysmal attacks of hypertension causing palpitation, dizziness, blurring of vision and headache while micturition for last 03 months........

Keywords: Pheochromocytoma, catecholamine, hypertension, alpha blocker, urinary bladder

[1]. Zhou M, Epstein JI, Young RH: Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder: a lesion that may be misdiagnosed as urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:94-100.
[2]. Kovacs K, Bell D, Gardiner GW, et al:Malignant paraganglioma of the urinary bladder: Immunohistochemical study of prognostic indicators. Endocr Pathol 2005; 16:363-369.
[3]. Zimmerman IJ, Biron RE, MacMmahon HE: Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. N Engl J Med 1953; 249:25-26.
[4]. Whalen RK, Althausen AF, Daniels GH: Extraadrenal pheochromocytoma. J.Urol. 1992;147:1-10.
[5]. Sweetser PM, Ohl DA, Thompson NW: Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. Surgery 1991;109:677-681.

Abstract: This paper elaborating Artificial Neural Network, its various characteristics and business applications. A Neural Network is a machine which is designed to work like brain. It has the ability to perform complex calculations with ease. Cryptography is the exchange of information among the users without leakage of information to others. Many public key cryptography are available which are based on number theory but it has the drawback of requirement of large computational power, complexity and time consumption during generation of key........

Keywords: Artificial neural network, cryptography, sequential machine, chaotic neural network, Jordan network.

[1]. C. Boyd, "Modem Data Encryption," Electronics & Communication Journal, pp. 271-278, Oct. 1993. 131 N. Bour and C. Alexopoulos, "Picture Data Encryption Using SC4N Pattern Recognition, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 567-581, 1992.
[2]. M.E. Smid and D. K. Branstad, "The Data Encryption Standard: and Future," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 550-1988
[3]. C.J.Kuo and M. S. Chen, "A New Signal Encryption Technique and Its Attack Study," IEEE International Conference on Security Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
[4]. J.C. Yen and J. I. GUO, "A New Image Encryption Algorithm and Its VLSI Architecture," 1999 IEEE Workshop on Signal Procs. Systems, Grand Hotel, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 18-22, pp. 430-437,1999.
[5]. C.W.Wu and N. F. Rulkov, "Studying chaos via 1-D maps – A tutorial," IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems I-Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 707-721, 1993.

Abstract: Introduction: Gallstones are among the most common gastrointestinal illness requiring hospitalization. The prevalence of gallstones is related to many factors, including age, gender and ethnic background. Gallstone disease which was mainly confined to western world is increasingly becoming prevalent in developing countries as well. This is attributed to the changing dietary habits which are becoming westernized. In India, it is 7 times more common in north India as compared to south India........

Keywords: Cholecystectomy, cholelithiasis, gall stones, cholecystitis

[1]. Rosai J. Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, Vol I., 8th edition, Hardcourt Brace & Co. Asian Pvt Ltd 1996, pg 943-963.
[2]. F. Charles Brunicardi ,Margrett,Thai H et al "Gall bladder and the Extrahepatic Biliary System";Schwartz principles of surgery ;8Ih edition;2009; pg 1135-1167
[3]. David Q.-H. Wang, Nezam H. Afdhal "Gall stone Disease" ,Sleisenger Fordtran Gastrointestinal Liver Disease;9th Edition;2010; pg 1089-111.
[4]. Sujay pal, Sandeep Agrawal et al "gall bladder and biliary duct "essential of surgery 1st edition; pg 939-950
[5]. Nahrwold DL. The Biliary System. In: Sabiston DC, editor. Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 15th ed. Vol 2 . USA: W.B. Saunders Company; 1997.pg 1117-1135.

Abstract:Aims: To Study and Analyze the Clinical presentation, Management, post operative outcome and complications in a series of patients with cervical disc prolapse who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and bone graft fusion with Titanium Recon plating between JANUARY 2013 to DECEMBER 2014 at Government General Hospital Guntur............

[1]. Adams CBT, Logue V.Studies in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: I.Movement of the cervical tools, dura and cord, and their
relation to the course of the extrathecal roots. Brain 1971; 94:577-568.
[2]. Adams CBT, Logue V.Studies in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: I.Movement of the cervical tools, dura and cord, and their
relation to the course of the extrathecal roots. Brain 1971; 94:587.
[3]. Arnold JG Jr: The clinical manifestations of spondylochondrosis (spondylosis) of the cervical spine. Ann Surg 141:872-889, 1955.
[4]. Aronson NI, Filtzer DL : Anterior cervical discectomy & fusion smith Robinson approach. Contemp Neurosurg 4:1-5, 1982.
[5]. Bailey RW, Bagdley SK: Stabilization of the cervical spine by an anterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg [AM] 42A : 565-594, 1960