iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of open bite malocclusion challenges pediatric dentists who attempt to intercept this malocclusion at an early age. This article updates clinicians on the causes and cures of anterior open bite based on clinical data. Patients with open bite malocclusion can be diagnosed clinically and cephalometrically, however, diagnosis should be viewed in the context of the skeletal and dental structure. Accurate classification of this malocclusion requires experience and training. Simple open bite during the exchange of primary to permanent dentition usually resolves without treatment..........

[1]. Proffit WR, Fields HW. Contemporary Orthodontics , 3rd edn. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 2000.
[2]. Proffit WR, Bailey LJ, Phillips C, Turvey TA. Longterm stability of surgical open-bite correction by Le Fort I osteotomy. Angle
Orthod 2000; 70: 112–117.
[3]. Tang EL. Occlusal features of Chinese adults in Hong Kong. Aust Orthod J 1994;13:159-63.
[4]. Ng CS, Wong WK, Hagg U. Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008;18:78-83.
[5]. Proffit WR, Fields HW Jr, Moray LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates
from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 1998; 13 : 97–106.

Abstract: General anaesthesia has been the gold standard for laparoscopy , but trend is changing towards regional anaesthesia to provide fast track anaesthesia. This study was conducted to evaluate adequacy, safety and feasibility of subarachnoid block for diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopies with respect to maximum level of sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring, shoulder tip pain , recovery profile, rescue analgesia, surgeon's and patient's satisfaction............

[1]. Gerges FJ, Kanazi GE, Jabbour-Khouri SI. Anesthesia for laparoscopy: a review. J ClinAnesth 2006; 18:67-78.
[2]. Smith I. Anesthesia for laparoscopy with emphasis on outpatient laparoscopy. AnesthesiolClin North Am 2001; 19:21-41
[3]. 3.Narchi P, Benhamou D, Fernandez H. Intraperitoneal localanaesthetic for shoulder pain after day case laparoscopy. TheLancet.
1991; 338: 1569-70.
[4]. Yasserali, m naguiElmasry, HishamNegmi, Hossam Al. The feasibility of spinal anesthesia with sedation for laparoscopic general
abdominal procedures in moderate risk patients.M.E.J.Anesth.2008; 19(5):1027-40.
[5]. Lal P, Philips P, Saxena KN, Kajla RK, Chander J, RamtekeVK.Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair
under epidural anesthesia: a detailed evaluation. SurgEndosc 2007;21: 595-601.

Abstract: Meconium periorchitis is a bizarre albeit rare extra- abdominal sequel of fetal meconium peritonitis; ensuing the passage of meconium into the scrotum via a patent processus vaginalis. We hereby present the case of a 20 day old male neonate with the sonographic, peroperative and histopathological correlates of Meconium Periorchitis. The scrotal meconium being predestined for calcification and resorption, an expectant management with meticulous surveillance is acceptable. Surgical exploration is however warranted for ambiguous masses and in those with progressive scrotal enlargement. Infact a diligent and mandatory antenatal scrotal evaluation allows early diagnosis of this entity and averts needless orchidectomy in the neonate.

Keywords: Meconium, Periorchitis, Scrotum

[1]. Cerine Jeanty B, Ana Bircher, MD, Cheryl Turner, BS, RDMS. Prenatal Diagnosis of Meconium Periorchitis and Review of the
Literature. Ultrasound Med. 2009;28:1729-34.
[2]. RH Regev OM, S Arnon, S Bauer, T Dolfin, I Litmanovitz. Meconium periorchitis: intrauterine diagnosis and neonatal outcome: case
reports and review of the literature. Journal of Perinatology. 2009;29:585-7.
[3]. Vlok S, Plessis Vd. Meconium pseudocyst associated with congenital CMV infection. S Afr J Rad. 2015;19(2):3.
[4]. Thomas E. Herman M, Marilyn J. Siegel M. Meconium Periorchitis. Journal of Perinatology. 2004;24:53-5.
[5]. Ochiai D, Omori S, Ikeda T, Yakubo K, Fukuiya T. A Rare Case of Meconium Periorchitis Diagnosed in Utero. Case Reports in
Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015;2015:2.

Abstract: Morphologically identical breast carcinoma can display divergent clinical outcomes and response to therapies, withdifferences in incidence, clinical picture and mortality rates across various patient populations. This could be attributed to differences in the molecular characteristics of the carcinoma. Recently, gene expression profiling and its surrogate Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers classified breast cancer into 4 molecular subtypes, and these receptor-defined subtypes are a major determinant of treatment options and disease outcomes. However, there remains an uncertainty regarding the frequency of the various subtypes in Africa. To date, there has been no comprehensive study of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer in our environment............

Keywords: Breast cancer, immunohistochemistry, Hormonal receptor, Nigeria

[1]. GLOBOCAN (2008)World Health Organization. http://globocan.iarc.fr
[2]. CAAdisa, N Eleweke, AAAlfred, MJCampbell, RSharma, ONseyo et al. Biology of Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women: A Pilot
study. Ann Afr Med 11, 2012, 169-175.
[3]. A. Tesfamariam, I. Roy. Molecular biology of Breast Cancer in the Horn of Africa: Case series – A pilot study of Breast Cancer
from Eritrea. ISRN PathologyVolume 2013, Article ID 787495doi.org/10.1155/2013/787495
[4]. EEUgiagbe, ANOlu-Eddo, DEObaseki. Immunohistochemical detection of Her2/neu overexpression in Breast Carcinoma in
Nigerians: A 5 year retrospective study. Niger J ClinPract 14, 2011, 332-7.
[5]. C. Adebamowo, O. Ajayi. Breast Cancer in Nigeria. West Afr. J. Med 19, 2000, 179-191.

Abstract: Purpose: To find out macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head parameters using Spectral Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in healthy subjects and to find out the effect of age on these parameters. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 446 eyes of healthy volunteers at Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology, S.M.S Medical College, Jaipur. The macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic nerve head parameters were measured using SD OCT (TOPCON 3D OCT 2000). Statistical analysis..........

Keywords: Macula thickness; Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; Optic nerve head; Optical coherence tomography

[1]. Appukuttan B, Giridhar A, Gopalakrishnan M, Sivaprasad S. Normative spectral domain optical coherence tomography data on
macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Indians. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62:316-21.
[2]. Hee MR, Izzat JA, Swanson EA et al.optical coherence tomography of the human retina. Arch Ophthalmol.1995;133:325-332
[3]. Hee MR, Puliafito CA, Wong C et al. Quantitative assessment of macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Arch
Ophthalmol. 1995; 113:1019-1029.
[4]. Schuman JS, Hee MR, Puliafito CA, Wong C, Pedut-Kloizman T, Lin CP, et al. Quantification of nerve fiber layer thickness in
normal and glaucomatous eyes using OCT. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:586-96.
[5]. Pierre-Kahn V, Tadayoni R, Haouchine B, et al. Comparison of optical coherence tomography models OCT1 and Stratus OCT for
macular retinal thickness measurements. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1581-1585.

Abstract: Background: Empyema thoracis is a disease that, despite centuries of study, still causes significant morbidity and mortality. Particularly In developing countries like India where tuberculosis is more prevalent. Aim: The present study was undertaken to study the age-sex profile, symptomatology, microbiologic findings, etiology diagnosis, management and treatment outcome in a tertiary care hospital. Materials And Methods: A prospective and retrospective study of empyema thoracis involved 200 patients admitted in teaching hospital. ...........

Keywords: Closed tube thoracostomy; empyema; decortications.

[1]. Acharya PR1, Shah KVEmpyema thoracis: a clinical study. Ann Thorac Med. 2007 Jan;2(1):14-7. doi: 10.4103/1817-1737.30356. [2]. Bilal A, Shah S A. Presentation and management of Empyema Thoracis at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2004;16(1):14–7.

[3]. Salma Ghaffar, Ishtiaq Ali Khan, Sadia Asif, Zia ur Rahman EMPYEMA THORACIS: MANAGEMENT OUTCOME,J Ayub Med Coll, Abbottabad2010;22

[4]. SA Edaigbini1, IZ Delia1, MB Aminu1, N Anumenechi1, SS Audu2 Empyema thoracis in Zaria; A preliminary report Year : 2011 | Volume : 17 | Issue : 2 | Page : 82-86

[5]. Empyema Thoracis* Therapeutic Management and Outcome Gregory P. LeMense, MD; Charlie Strange, MD, FCCP; andSteven A. Sahn, MD, FCCP Chest/107/6/JUNE 1995

Abstract: The prostate is the major accessory sex gland of the male and has an exocrine but no established endocrine secretory function. Its secretion provides fluid that constitutes approximately 15% of the ejaculate. Clinically important aspects of the natural history of BPH center on the age-related development and course of anatomic changes in the prostate, BPH-induced dysfunctional voiding symptoms, and pathophysiologic functional changes in the bladder or upper urinary tract. As ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging modality to estimate the weight of prostate, its accuracy to the actual resected prostate needs to be studied.

[1]. HerebertLepor& Franklin. C. Lowe, Evaluation & non-surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Walsh, Retik,
Vaughan & Wein. Campbell's urology. 2002; (8):1368-1397.
[2]. Mundy AR, Fitzpatrick J, Neal D, George N (eds) 1999. The propstate and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In : The Scientific Basis
of Urology. Chapter 13. Oxford : Isis Medical Media:257-76.
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Eson Ltd., 1986; 24(12):321-324.
[4]. Neal DE and Kelly JD. Prostate and seminal vesicles (Bailey and Love).2004; (24) 1370-1373
[5]. Randall VA: Role of 5a-reductase in health and disease. BaillieresClinEndocrinolMetabRaghow WS, Shapiro E, Steiner MS:
Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-alpha and transforming growth factor beta during early human
fetal prostate development. J Urol 1999; 162: 509-513.

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in urinary symptoms and urodynamic parameters in women with OAB, after tolterodine. Materials and Methods: The study involved fifty women diagnosed with OAB and treated with tolterodine. Urinalysis, pelvic examination, urodynamic study, and a personal interview to identify urinary symptoms prior to and 3 months after treatment were recorded and interpreted. Results: Demographic profile showed, most patients being menopausal (76.0%; mean age 52.7 years) and multiparous (mean parity 2.9) women. Urinary symptoms such as urgency, urge incontinence and urinary frequency were decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). Urodynamic parameters did not showed significant change except for the maximum cystometric capacity ( p < 0.05), with a significant increase after 3 months of medication.............

Keywords:tolterodine; overactive bladder; urodynamic study; detrussor over-activity.

[1]. Wagner TH, Hu TW, Bentkover J, LeBlanc K, Stewart W, Corey R, et al. Health-related consequences of overactive bladder. Am J
Manag Care 2002 Dec;8(19 Suppl.):S598e607.
[2]. Coyne KS, Sexton CC, Irwin DE, Kopp ZS, Kelleher CJ, Milsom I. The impact of overactive bladder, incontinence and other lower
urinary tract symptoms on quality of life, work productivity, sexu-ality and emotional well-being in men and women: results from
the EPIC study. BJU Int 2008 Jun;101(11):1388e95. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07601.x.
[3]. Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract
function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology 2003 Jan;61(1):37e49.
[4]. Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in
the United States. World J Urol 2003 May;20(6):327e36 [Epub 2002 Nov 15].
[5]. Moro C, Uchiyama J, Chess-Williams R. Urothelial/lamina propria spontaneous activity and the role of M3 muscarinic receptors in
mediating rate responses to stretch and carbachol. Urology 2011;78. 1442.e9e15.

Abstract: Aim: To determine the (i) sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (USG) in the detection of urinary tract calculi (ii) size of renal calculi detected on USG and comparing with CTU, and (iii) size of renal calculi not seen on USG but detected on computed tomography urogram (CTU). Methods: A total of 100 patients' USG and CTU were compared retrospectively for the presence of calculi. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG were calculated with CTU as the gold standard...........

Keywords: Urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, urinary tract calculi, ultrasound, computed tomography urogram

[1]. Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol.
2010; 12(2-3): e86-96.
[2]. Scales CD Jr, Smith AC, Hanley JM, Saigal CS, Urologic Diseases in America Project. Prevalence of kidney stones in the United
States. Eur Urol 2012;62:160-5
[3]. Trinchieri A. Epidemiology of urolithiasis. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 1996;68:203–250.
[4]. Turk C KT, Petrik A, Sarica K, et al. Guidelines on urolithiasis 2014. http://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/22-
Urolithiasis_LR.pdf. Accessed on 6 Feb 2015.
[5]. Renard-Penna R, Martin A, Conort P, et al. Kidney stones and imaging: What can your radiologist do for you? World J Urol. 2015;
33(2): 193-202.

Abstract: Aims And Objectives 1. To study the demographic characteristics of patients of metabolic syndrome with CAD. 2. To study the angiographic pr ofile of patients of metabolic syndrome with CAD. Materials And Methods: All patients who underwent coronary angiography at SSIMS & RC, Davangere between January 2015 and January 2016 and in whom all parameters needed for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were available was analysed in the study after inclusion and exclusion criteria. All demographic details along with blood investigations, anthropometrics and angiographic profile of these patients were recorded. Patients were also classified according to ACS or chronic stable angina groups...........

Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Angiographic Profile

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[2]. Reaven GM.pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev. 1995;75;473-486.
[3]. Egan BM. Insulin resistance and the sympathetic nervous system, Curr Hypertens Rep. 2003;5:247-254.
[4]. Kisselbach AH, krakower GR. Regional adiposity and mortality. Physiol Rev. 1994;74:761-811.
[5]. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle aged men.
JAMA 2002;288:2790-2816.

Abstract: Objective: To Identify Factors Predictive Of Negative Ureteroscopy (URS). There Is Increased Effort To Limit CT Radiation Exposure. On Occasion, Patients Undergo URS And It Is Discovered That The Stone Has Already Passed Methods: Retrospective Chart Review Was Conducted On All URS Cases For Ureteral Stones Undergone From May 2013 To May 2015 In SSIMS &RC Davangere. Stone Size ˃10 Mm, Staged Procedures, And Previously Placed Ureteral Stent Were Excluded........

Keywords: ........

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[2]. Pak CY, Resnick MI, Preminger GM. Ethnic And Geographic Diversity Of Stone Disease. Urology. 1997;50:504-507.
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[5]. Sierakowski R, Finlayson B, Landes RR, Finlayson CD, Sierakowski N. The Frequency Of Urolithiasis In Hospital Discharge
Diagnoses In The United States. Invest Urol. 1978;15:438-441.

Abstract: Objective: Objective of the study was to report the prognostic factors, management and outcome of our cases on emphysematous pyelonephritis Materials and Methods: All EPN patients admitted to the SSIMS hospital, between 2013 to 2015, were included in the study after informed consent. All these cases met the following criteria (1) symptoms and signs of upper UTI, or fever with a positive urine culture or pyuria without other identified infectious foci;(2) radiological evidence by CT scan of gas accumulation in the collecting system, renal parenchyma, or perinephric or pararenal space; (3) no fistula between the urinary tract and bowel; and (4) no recent history of trauma, urinary catheter insertion, or drainage............

Keywords: ......

[1]. Michaeli J, Mogle P, Perlberg S et al.Emphysematous pyelonephritis.J Urol 1984;13: 203–8
[2]. Cheng YT, Wang HP, Hsieh HH. Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a renal allograft: successful treatment with percutaneous
drainage and nephrostomy. Clin Transplant. Oct 2001;15(5):364-7
[3]. Ahlering TE, Boyd SD, Hamilton CL et al. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a 5-year experience with 13 patients. J Urol 1985;134:
1086–8
[4]. Aswathaman K, Gopalakrishnan G,Gnanaraj L, Chacko NK, Kekre NS, Devasia A. Emphysematous pyelonephritis: outcome with
conservative management. Urology 2008; 71: 1007–9
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Abstract: Aims & Objectives To assess the relationship between Renal Parenchyma Thickness (RPT) by computed tomography and renal function on DTPA renogram in Chronically Obstructed Renal Units (ORUs) in order to define a minimum thickness ratio associated with adequate renal function. To provide an efficient and pragmatic clinical tool for surgical decision making in patients with chronic ORUs Materials & Methods  Thirty five consecutive patients who had undergone simultaneous nuclear renography and CT scan abdomen for unilateral obstruction between Sep 2013- Dec 2015 were included in the study  The measurement was taken at an angle exactly perpendicular to the axis of the kidney...........

Keywords: kidney; obstruction; kidney cortex; computed tomography

[1]. Daghini E, Juillard L, Haas JA, Krier JD, Romero JC, Lerman LO: Comparison of mathematic models for Renal Parenchyma
Thickness on CT assessment of glomerular filtration rate with electron-beam CT in pigs. Radiology. 2007; 242: 417-24.
[2]. O'Dell-Anderson KJ, Twardock R, Grimm JB, Grimm KA, Constable PD: Determination of glomerular filtration rate in dogs using
contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006; 47: 127-35.
[3]. Hackstein N, Bauer J, Hauck EW, Ludwig M, Krämer HJ, Rau WS: Measuring single-kidney glomerular filtration rate on singledetector
helical CT using a two-point Patlak plot technique in patients with increased interstitial space. AJR Am J Roentgenol.
2003; 181: 147-56.
[4]. Hackstein N, Wiegand C, Rau WS, Langheinrich AC: Glomerular filtration rate measured by using triphasic helical CT with a twopoint
Patlak plot technique. Radiology. 2004; 230: 221-6.
[5]. Patlak CS, Blasberg RG, Fenstermacher JD: Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake
data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1983; 3: 1-7.

Abstract: Urethral stricture is a frequent cause of lower urinary tract obstruction worldwide. The aim of this study is to present our experience with single-stage urethroplasty. Methods: All males that underwent single-stage urethroplasty between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Details of their biodata, clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, operative treatment, postoperative complications, and other outcome of surgery were extracted and analyzed. Results. 96 patients aged 18–76 years, (mean; 45.6 ± 19.7) with urethral stricture were studied. Post infective strictures accounted for 55.2% and post prostatectomy strictures for 3.3%. 32(33.3%) of the strictures were in the posterior urethra of which 20 (62.5%) were post traumatic.........

Keywords: ........

[1]. C. A. Attah, O. Mbonu, and R. M. Anikwe, "Treatment of urethral strictures in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital,"
1982Urology, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 491–494.
[2]. B. Fall, Y. Sow, I.Mansouri et al., "Etiology and current clinical characteristics of male urethral stricture disease: experience from a
public teaching hospital in Senegal," International Urology and Nephrology, 2011vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 969–974.
[3]. M. R. Cooperberg, J. W. McAninch, N. F. Alsikafi, and S. P. Elliott, "Urethral reconstruction for traumatic posterior urethral
disruption: outcomes of a 25-year experience," Journal of Urology, 2006–2010, 2007vol. 178, no. 5, pp.
[4]. J. T. Anger, N. D. Sherman, E. Dielubanza, and G. D. Webster, "Erectile function after posterior urethroplasty for pelvic fractureurethral
distraction defect injuries," BJU International, 2009vol. 104, no. 8, pp. 1126–1129.
[5]. A. E. Aghaji and C. A. Odoemene, "One-stage urethroplasty for strictures: Nigerian experience," International Journal of Urology,
2001vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 380–385.

Abstract: Background and aim of the study: TTK Chitra is a tilting disc prosthetic cardiac valve being used in India. We present the echocardiographic and Doppler evaluation of normally functioning valve in mitral and aortic positions. Methods: A total of 120 patients with 134 valves implanted in the aortic and/or mitral position were studied. All patients underwent a detailed echocardiographic and Doppler evaluation for estimating trans-valvular gradients and effective orifice area. Results: In the mitral position, for valve sizes 25mm, 27mm and 29mm, the mean gradients (in mmHg) were 4.9±2.4, 4.6±1.8 and 3.8±1.7 respectively and effective orifice areas (in cm2) were 2.7±0.8, 2.9±0.5 and 3.0±0.6 respectively..........

Key words: prosthetic cardiac valve, trans-valvular gradients, effective orifice area.

[1]. Krishna Manohar SS, Valiathan, Sankar Kumar, Balakrishnan, Venkitachalam, GS Bhuvaneshwar, Experience with the Chitra
prosthetic valve: Early results of Clinical trial. Indian J of Thorac and Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 7: 105–08.
[2]. Bhuvaneshwar GS, Muraleedharan CV, Arthun Vijayan C, Sankar kumar R, Valiathan MS, Development of the Chitra tilting disc
heart valve prosthesis. J Heart Valve Dis 1996; 5: 448–58.
[3]. Shekhar Rao, Kurian VM, Ghosh M, Sankar kumar R, Mohan singh MP, Valiathan MS, Clinical course after mitral valve
replacement. Indian Heart J 1990; 42: 335–39.
[4]. Sankarkumar R, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Magotra MS et al. Chitra Heart valve: Results of a multicentre clinical study. J Heart Valve Dis
2001; 10: 5: 619–27.
[5]. Burstow DJ, Nishimura RA, Bailey KR, Reeder GS, Holmes DR, Seward JB et al. Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic
measurement of prosthetic valve gradients: a simultaneous Doppler-catheter study. Circulation 1989;80:504–14.

Abstract: Objective: Most rural hospitals can provide medical care to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, but a need for advanced cardiac care requires timely transfer to a tertiary hospital. There is little information on AMI in-hospital mortality predictors among rural transfer patients. Hence to study complications and In-hospital mortality of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in rural area. Methods: Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction admitted from rural area were studied (100 patients). This study will be carried out on rural population admitted in ICCU cardiology department S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, over a period of 2 years...........

Keywords: ........

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in Canada: the study of health assessment and risk in ethnic groups (SHARE). Lancet 2000;356:279-84.
[5]. Padmavati S, Gupta S, Pantulu GVA. Dietary fats, serum cholesterol levels and incidence of atherosclerosis in Delhi. Circulation
1959;19:849.

Abstract: Background:Methotrexate is an antineoplast ic drugs which is used to treat various types of neoplasms and autoimmune diseases. In pediatric acute lymphoblast ic leukemia methotrexate is widely used. The methotrexate toxici ties in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is widely studied wi th conf l ict ing resul ts due to presence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism. Due to this ambigui ty we conducted meta -analysis to evaluate the relat ionship between MTHFR polymorphism e.g. C667T and A1298C, and methotrexate t oxici t ies..........

Keywords: .........

[1]. Koppen IJ, Hermans FJ, Kaspers GJ. Folate related gene polymorphisms andsusceptibility to develop childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol2010; 148: 3–14.
[2]. Johnston WT, Lightfoot TJ, Simpson J, Roman E. Childhood cancer survival: areport from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer
Study. Cancer Epidemiol 2010;34: 659–666.
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[4]. Imanishi H, Okamura N, Yagi M, Noro Y, Moriya Y, Nakamura T et al. Geneticpolymorphisms associated with adverse events and
elimination of methotrexatein childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. J humgenet2007; 52: 166–171.
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the levels of vitamin D in cases with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia and healthy pregnant women in their third trimester and to find the association of vitamin D deficiency with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The study population comprised of 60 healthy pregnant women and 60 women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
Assessment of serum 25 Hydroxy vitamin D was done by CLIA method. The result of the two groups were compared and association of level of vit D with severity of hypertensive disorder and maternal prognosis was evaluated...........

Keywords: HDP (Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy),pre eclampsia.

[1]. Hewison M .Vitamin D and the immune system. J Endocrinol 1992: 132: 173-175
[2]. Evans K N, Bulmer JN, Kilby MD, Hewison M .Vitamin D and placental – decidual function. J Soc Gynecol Investig
2004:11:263-271
[3]. Cardus A ,Parisi E, Gallego C, Aldea M, Fernandez E , Valdivielso JM .1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates vascular smooth
muscle cell proliferation through a VEGF-mediated pathway.Kidney Int 2006:69:1377-1384
[4]. Murat Bakacak, Salih Serin, Onder Ercan, Bulent Kostu .Comparison of Vitamin D levels in cases with pre eclampsia, eclampsia
and healthy pregnant women .Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(9):16280-16286
[5]. Xul, LeeM, Jeyabalan A ,Roberts J M.The relationship of hypovitaminosis D and IL-6 in pre eclampsia.Am J Obstet Gynaecol
2014:210:149,1-7

Abstract: The classical treatment plan for the edentulous patient is the fabrication of complete removable maxillary and mandibular denture. This treatment, though inexpensive, has several drawbacks. The rate of residual ridge resorption in edentulous patients in mandible is fourfold greater than maxilla.This resorption can render the current prosthesis inadequate in terms of both function and esthetics and can lead to the necessity of fabricating a new denture an uphill task.Manyoptions are available for retention of the prosthesis, including magnets, clips, bars, and balls...........

Keywords: locator , dual retention , greater implant divergence , less restorative space

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293-313.
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mandibular denture. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134:1455-8.
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of mandibular implant supported overdenture and conventional dentures in diabetic patients. Part III: Comparisons of patient
satisfaction. J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:416-27.
[4]. Zou D, Wu Y, Huang W, Wang F, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z.A 3-year prospective clinical study of telescopic crown, bar, and
locator attachments for removable four implant-supported maxillary overdentures.Int J Prosthodont. 2013 Nov-Dec;26(6):566-73.
[5]. Türk PE, Geckili O, Türk Y, Günay V, Bilgin T. In vitro comparison of the retentive properties of ball and locator attachments for
implant overdentures.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2014 Sep-Oct;29(5):1106-13

Abstract: The frequency at which diabetes mellitus ravages many societies is amazingly high, and this has resulted to social, economical, financial and worse still health challenges to certain ethnic tribes in Nigeria and to most African communities at large. The study is targeted at examining the glucose lowering effect and possibly associated hypolipidaemic property of Dryopteris dilatata leaf extract in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This study was birthed to assess the effect of Dryopteris dilatata aqueous extract on serum glucose level and
lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. However, the phytochemical composition as well as the LD50 was examined. Thirty adult (30) Wistar rats weighing between 180- 200g were selected into six (6) groups of five rats each (n=5).......

Keywords: Dryopteris dilatata (Dd), Streptozotozin (STZ), diabetic mellitus, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic

[1]. ]Onyesom, I.; Edijala, J. K.; Etoh, J. U. An Estimation of the Potentisl Prevalence of "Syndrome X" amongst Diabetics using
Traditional Markers. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt., 6(1), 2002, 26 - 28.
[2]. Azu, O.O.; Edagha, I.A.; Peter, A.I.; Umoh, I.; Abia, U. Extracts of gongronema latifolium and vernonia amygdalina improve
glycaemia and histomorphology of testes of diabetic wistar rats. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 8, 2014, 1093–1102.
[3]. Shoback, D.; Gardner, D.G.; Dolores, K. Greenspan's basic and clinical diabetes mellitus. Trends Neurosci; 14, 2011, 452–57.
[4]. Al-Hindi, B.; Nor A. Y.; Item, J. A.; Mariam, A.; Mohd, Z. A.; Mun, F. Y. A Soxhlet Extract of Gongronema latifolium Retains
Moderate Blood Glucose Lowering Effect and Produces Structural Recovery in the Pancreas of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Med.
Sci., 4(9), 2016, 1-16.
[5]. Dowse, G. K.; Zimmet, R. Z. the prevalemce and incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In: "Frontiers in Diabetes
Mellitus" Alberti K.G.M.M and Mazze, R. (Eds.) Elsavier, Amsterdam, 1989, pp. 37-59.

Abstract: Root perforations can be pathologic or iatrogenic. The prognosis of root perforation repair depends on level of the defect, with cervical ones having the least success. Recent developments in the techniques and materials utilized in the root perforation repair have enhanced the prognosis in surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Glass Ionomer cements, Biodentine and Bioceramic materials have been used successfully in such cases............

Keywords: MTA, Root Perforation, Separated Instrument

[1]. Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR. Root end filling materials: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996;12:161–78.
[2]. 2 Ribeiro DA. Do endodontic compounds induce genetic damage? A Comprehensive review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105:251–6.
[3]. 3 Gluskin AH, Peters CI, Ruddle CJ, Wong RD. Retreatment of non healing endodontic therapy and management of mishaps.
Endodontics 6th edition, Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC; BC Decker Inc, Hamilton, Ontario.2008, 1088-1161,
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mineral trioxide aggregate and ethoxybenzoic acid cement. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;52:528–33.

Abstract: To evaluate the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for upper ureteric calculi of size ≤ 20mm without ureteral stenting. This was a prospective study conducted in the institute from January 2015 to August 2015. A total of 130 patients aged between 10 and 80 years with upper ureteric calculi underwent ESWL using the Dornier Compact Sigma Lithotripter. Stone size was calculated by measuring the largest dimension of the stone in KUB plain films. In each session, 3000–3500 shocks at frequency 60–90 per min and intensity between1 and 4 were given.......

Keywords: Calculi,Lithotripsy, Ureter

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for treating upper ureteric stones: A 10-year experience Indian J Urol. 2008; 24:486–9.

Abstract: Recommendations for laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD) state the use of both serum creatinine and cystatin-C in various clinical situations. The relationship of these markers to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is found to be different in different populations. In India the routine reporting of eGFR is yet to commence. Meanwhile, the utility of these two serum markers as indicators of GFR is being evaluated in this cross-sectional study on CKD patients. The correlation between serum creatinine and cystatin-C was moderate, and cystatin-C correlated better with creatinine clearance than serum creatinine. The difference in handling of creatinine in the proximal tubule could be the reason.............

Keywords:– chronic kidney disease, creatinine clearance, creatinine, cystatin-C

[1]. Stevens, LA, Coresh, J, Greene, T, Levey, AS. Assessing Kidney Function — Measured and Estimated Glomerular Filtration
Rate. The New England Journal of Medicine.2006; 324(23):2473-2483.
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The New England journal of medicine.2012; 367(1):20-29.
[4]. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro III AF, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Lente FV, Greene T, Coresh
J. A New Equation to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate. Annals of internal medicine. 2009; 150( 9): 604-612
[5]. Svensson-Färbom P, Almgren P, Hedblad B, Engström G, Persson M,Christensson A, et al. . Cystatin C Is Not Causally Related
to Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10( 6):e0129269