iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: Aims: The study was carried out to determine whether there is any possible association between ABH secretor status, ABO blood group and diabetes mellitus. Study design: Prospective study: Experimental and Structured Questionnaires Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in endocrinology clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria, between March and June 2015....................

Keywords: [ABO blood group, ABH antigens, Secretors, Non-secretors, Diabetes Mellitus}.

[1]. Waseem AG, Iqbal M, Khan O.A , Tahir M. Association of Diabetes Mellitus with ABO and Rh blood groups. Ann. Pak. Inst. Med.
Sci. 2012; 8(2): 58-60.
[2]. Olorunshola KV, Audu, L. ABO (H) secretor status of sickle cell disease patients in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Niger. J. Physiol.
Sci. 2013; 029 –034.

Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic, with cases reported from virtually every country. Human immunodeficiency virus, the cause of AIDS, continues to spread being described as a global health emergency by WHO. Recent reductions in global HIV incidence likely reflect natural trends in the pandemic as well as the result of prevention programmes resulting in behaviour change. A rapid expansion of access to antiretroviral therapy likely has helped lower AIDS related death rates in recent years............

[1]. UNAIDS GAP REPORT 2014
[2]. HIV Estimations 2012 Report Released BY Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 30-November-2012
[3]. NACO annual report 2013-2014
[4]. WHO guidelines for initiation of ART in adults and adolescents 2010
[5]. The public health approach to antiretroviral therapy is defined in the following article: The WHO public-health approach to antiretroviraltreatment against HIV in resource-limited settings. C Gilks, S Crowley, R Ekpini, et al. Lancet (Vol. 368, August 2006,505-510).
[6]. INTERIM WHO CLINICAL STAGING OF HIV/AIDS AND HIV/AIDS CASE DEFINITIONS FOR SURVEILLANCE II
AFRICAN REGION

Abstract: The Persea Americana (Avocados) is a tree native to the Caribbean. High avocado extract intake has been shown to have effect on serum cholesterol levels. Specifically, after a seven day diet rich in Persea Americana leaf extract. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Persea Americana on the histology of the Liver. A total of 25 albino rats weighing 160-200g were used for the study. The rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. They were treated with aqueous extract of Persea
Americana for a period of 28 (twenty eight) days...........

Keywords: Persea Americana; aqueous leaves extract; liver; rats; histological changes.

[1]. Ozolua, R.I., Anaka, O.N., Okpo, S.O., Idogun, S.E. (2009). Acute and subacute toxicological assessment of the aqueous seed
extract of Persea americanaMill (Lauraceae) in rats. Afr. J Tradit Complement Altern Med., 6(4), 573-578.
[2]. Ortiz, M.A., Dorantes, A.L., Gallndez, M.J., Cardenas, S.E. (2004). Effect of a novel oil extraction method on avocado (Persea
americana) pulp microstructure. Plant Foods Hum Nutr., 59(1), 11-14.
[3]. Lu Q.Y., Arteaga, J. R, Zhang, Q., Huerta, S., Go, V.L and Heber, D. (2005): Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an
avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16: 23-30.
[4]. Adeyemi, O.O., Okpo, S.O., Ogunti, O.O. (2002). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of leaves of
Persea americana (Lauraceae). Fitoterapia, 73, 375-380.
[5]. Nayak, B.S., Raju, S.S., Chalapathi Rao, A.V. (2008). Wound healing activity of Persea americana (avocado) fruit: a preclinical
study on rats. J Wound Care, 17(3), 123-126.

Abstract: Muscular exercise is considered as the highest expression of the activities in human body. Physical activity describes the activities involving the large skeletal muscles. Physical activity can be defined by its intensity, duration and frequency. The regular physical activity helps in prevention of primary and secondary chronic diseases and reduces risk of premature death. Cycle ergometry is an alternative investigative procedure to treadmill test...........

Keywords: Bicycle ergometer, muscle strength, young adults

[1]. F A Bainbridge; Physiology of muscular exercise 1919; Longmans Green & co; Page : 1 – 5
[2]. Booth FW, Gordon SE, Carlson CJ, Hamilton MT. Waging war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise
biology. J Appl Physiol. 2000; 88: 774–787
[3]. Barry, H. C., & Eathrone, S. W. (1994). Exercise and aging: Issues for the practitioner. Medical Clinics of North America, 78, 357-
373.
[4]. Eheman C, Henley SJ, Ballard-Barbash R, Jacobs EJ, Schymura MJ, et al. (2012) Annual Report to the Nation on the status of
cancer, 1975–2008, featuring cancers associated with excess weight and lack of sufficient physical activity.
[5]. Cordon R Cumming, P M Cumming; "Working capacity of normal children tested on a bicycle ergometer" Canad med Ass J 1963,
vol 88.

Abstract: Preoperative imaging techniques that are increasingly being used to outline eloquent brain regions prior to resection include functional MR imaging and DTI. In this study we evaluate brain lesions in and around the eloquent cortex and find out whether there is significant difference in postoperative morbidity and successful outcome while using both BOLD functional MR technique &DTI instead of using BOLD technique alone..............

Keywords: Blood oxygen level dependent imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, white matter tract,Functional MR imaging.

[1]. Marion Smits, MD , EvyVisch-Brink, PhD ,Caroline K. Schraa-Tam, MSc, MEng , Peter J. Koudstaal, MD, PhD , Aad van der
Lugt, MD, PhD ,Functional MR Imaging of Language Processing: An Overview of Easy to- Implement Paradigms for Patient Care
and Clinical Research1,Radiographics 2006; 26:S145–S188
[2]. Duffau H. Lessons from brain mapping in surgery for low-grade glioma: insights into associations between tumour and brain
plasticity. Lancet Neurol2005 ;4:476 – 486.
[3]. Moritz C, Haughton V. Functional MR imaging: paradigms for clinical preoperative mapping. MagnReson Imaging Clin N Am
2003;11:529 – 542
[4]. Mastronardi L1, Bozzao A, D'Andrea G, Romano A, Caroli M, Cipriani V, Ferrante M, FerranteL..Use of Preoperative and
Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Tractography in Intracranial TumorSurgery.Clin Neurosurgery. 2008 ;55:160-4

Abstract: Rudimentary horn is a developmental anomaly of the uterus. Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn is rare, represents a form of ectopic gestation. The diagnosis of the rudimentary horn pregnancy and its rupture in a woman is very difficult. It can be missed in routine ultrasound scan. Pregnancy usually terminates by rupturing in second trimester in 90% cases. Cases of pregnancy pregnancy progressing to the third trimester resulted in a live birth after cesarean section has been documented. We report two near miss cases of undiagnosed rudimentary horn presented in our department............

Keywords: Rudimentary horn, Ectopic gestation, Unicornuate

[1]. Hassan CHC, Kadir A, Karim A, Ismail NAM, Omar MH. Case report of ruptured non-communicating right rudimentary horn
pregnancy: an acute emergency. Acta Medica, 2011;54(3):125-6.
[2]. Simon C, Martinez L, Pardo F, Tortajada M, Pellicer A. Mullerian defects in women with normal reproductive outcome. Fertil
Steril. 1991;56(6):1192-3.
[3]. Sevtap HK, Aral AM, Sertac B. An early diagnosis and successful local medical treatment of a rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy:
a case report. Arch Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;275(4):297-8.
[4]. Scholtz M. A full-time pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of the uterus. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1951;58:293-6
[5]. Mauriceau F. Traite des maladaies des femmes grosses. In: Mauriceau F, eds. A Book. 1st ed. Paris, France: Compaigne des
libraries; 1721.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the maternal & perinatal outcome in prolonged pregnancies. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study done at Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana. India over a period of two years from Jan 2009-Jan 2011, 300 cases of prolonged pregnancies with 40-42 weeks of gestational age were taken and categorized into two groups. First group of 180 cases having spontaneous onset of labour and second group of 120 cases were induced after the expected date of delivery. All the cases had reliable pregnancy dating. The various demographic features, mode of delivery and perinatal outcome were compared............

Keywords: EDD, Gestational age, Spontaneous group, Induced group, Mode of delivery.

[1]. Fernando Arias, Practical guide to high risk pregnancy and delivery 3rd edition Elsevier India, New Delhi,2008.
[2]. Boyal ME, Usher PH, Mc Lean FH, et al: Obstetric consequences of post maturity. (Am.J.Obstet. gynaecol, 158, 1988, 334)
[3]. Hildes L. Costeloe K, Thilanganathan B. Prolonged Pregnancy evaluating gestation-specific risks of fetal and infant / mortality.
B&J obstet, Gynaecol. 105(2), Feb 1998, 169-73.
[4]. Mc Clure Brown JC, post Maturity. Am.J.Obstet.Gynaecol. 85:573 (85,1963,573)
[5]. Laughey AB, Scotland NE, Washington AE, et al. Maternal and obstetric complications of pregnancy are associated with increasing
gestational age at term. Am.J. Obstet.Gynaecol. 192(2)Feb 2007,155 e1-6.

Abstract: Background : The displaced two- and three- part proximal humerus fractures remain a major challenge for the treating surgeons. More often the un-displaced fractures can be managed conservatively and displaced ones are treated surgically. Objectives: To access the efficacy, functional and anatomical outcome and complication of the locking plate in management of two parts-and three-part fractures of proximal humerus according to Neer's classification. Methods: This is a prospective study in which 40 patients of the proximal humerus fractures, between 18 years to 60 years of age group who provided written informed consent.............

Keywords:– Proximal humerus fractures, Neer's classification, locking compression plate.

[1]. Manjappa CN, Mahendra Kumar GL, Vijay C, Deepak CD. Study of Functional Outcome of Surgical Management of Proximal
Humerus Fractures.ijhr 2013 october 3; 3(10):41-7.
[2]. Fakler JKM, Hogan C, Heyde CE, John T. Current Concepts in the Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures.Ortho 2008 Jan;
31(1):1-10
[3]. Aggarwal S, Bali K, Dhillon MS, Kumar V, Mootha AK.Displaced proximal humeral fractures: an Indian experience with locking
plates. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010 Aug 23; 2-8
[4]. Jones CB, Sietsema DL, Williams DK. Locked Plating of Proximal Humeral Fractures: Is Function Affected by Age, Time, and
Fracture Patterns? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011 June 21; 469:3307–3316.
[5]. Kumar C, Gupta AK, Nath R, Ahmad J.Open reduction and locking plate fixation of displaced proximal humerus fractures. Indian J
Orthop 2013 March 16; 47(2):156-160.

Abstract: Morbidity and mortality of under five children is an important indicator of overall development of the country.Though the morbidity pattern varies from country to country but for common childhood morbidities there are some preventable factors. This cross-sectional hospital based study describes the morbidity pattern along with some socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Majority of the children were 24-59 months old(42.4%)and Male(60%).Respiratory illnessess followed by fever were the commonly found morbidities among the studied children.........

[1]. Available from http:://mohfw.nic.in/NRHM/Document/Mission Document.pdf. accessed on 9.11.15
[2]. Park K. Preventive medicine in Obstetrics, paediatrics and geriatrics –under 5 mortality rate.In Park's Textbook of Preventive and
Social Medicine,23rd. Edition, Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot Publisher,2015: 540-80.
[3]. Available from www.who int\Levels & Trends in Child Mortality-Report 2014 accessed on 2.2.16.
[4]. Wadgave HV. Burden of Health Morbidities in Under-fives in Urban Slum areas. J NTR Univ Health Sci,year 2013,Vol 2(2):96-
101.Available from :http://www.jdrntruhs.org/text.asp/2015
[5]. Srivastava DK, Tripathi D,Jain PK, Singh CM, Srivastava AK, Kumar S, Rani V.Morbidity profile of Under five children in urban
slums of Etawah district.Indian J Comm Health,vol 24,No. 2,April 2012-June 12:153-57..

Abstract: Malunion of long bone fractures and their associated deformities are rarely encountered now a days. We have performed deformity correction in a 32 years old female patient, who presented with malunitedfracture of shaft of both bones right leg, with gait abnormality and cosmetic concerns.The aim of our study was to find out the feasibility of using Ilizarov ring fixator for correction of long bone deformity. The deformity was analyzed and CORA was identified...........

Keywords: Biplanar,Deformity, Graph method, Ilizarov,Oblique plane,Tibia, Trigonometry

[1]. Hsu RW,Himeno S, Coventry MB, Chao EY. Normal axial alignment of the lower extremity and loadbearingdistribution at the
knee.ClinOrthopRelat Res, 1990 Jun;(255):215-27.
[2]. Kettelkamp DB, Hillberry BM, Murrish DE, Heck DA.Degenerative arthritis of the knee secondary
tofracturemalunion,.ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1988 Sep;(234):159-69.
[3]. Daragad MS et al.Oblique plane deformity correction with Ilizarov technique in case of malunited tibia - Case report, IJRRMS
2012; 2(3)
[4]. Paley D, TetsworthKD.Deformity correction by the Ilizarovtechnique,InOperative Orthopaedics, 2nd ed. Lippincott Company,
Philadelphia. 1993:883-886.

Abstract: Erythemaabigne is a characteristic localized reticular erythematous and pigmented dermatosis resulting from repeated or prolonged exposure to infrared radiation insufficient to produce a burn. Objective: To do fullclinical and histopathological evaluation of erythemaabigne in Iraqi population. Patients and Methods: This case series, descriptive and histopathological study was done in the Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad,Iraq during the period from October 2013-July 2014. History and dermatological examination were carried out for all patients regarding all relevant points related to the disease. Punch biopsy was performed for ten patients from the most representative skin lesion and stained by H&E and Fontana-Masson stains for histopathological assessment............

Keywords: Erythemaabigne, poikeloderma,pemphigus like, infrared radiation.

[1]. Anderson RR,Parish JA. The optics of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 77: 13–9.
[2]. Dover JS, Phillips TJ, Arndt KA. Cutaneous effects and therapeutic uses of heat with emphasis on infrared radiation. J Am AcadDermatol
1989; 20: 278–86.
[3]. Pullman H, Mores E, Reinbach S. Effect of infrared and UVA rays in the human skin and their efficacy in the treatment of atopic
dermatitis. Z Hautkr 1985; 60: 171–7.
[4]. 4.Tan S, BertucciV ."Erythemaabigne: an old condition new again". Canadian Medical Association Journal 2000; 162 (1): 77–78.
[5]. 5.Meffert JJ, Davis BM. Furniture-induced erythemaabigne. J Am AcadDermatol. 2000;34:516-517.

Abstract: Aim: This study was aimed at determining the ophthalmic manifestations of patients presenting with brain tumors in a tertiary care centre Materials and Methods: A prospective crossectional review of patients with brain tumors in a tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu was conducted between Nov 2015 to April 2016.The study included 25 CT /MRI proven cases of Intracranial space occupying lesions who underwent detailed ocular, neurological and systemic examination............

Keywords: Intracranial tumors, ophthalmic manifestation, headache

[1]. Helen OO, Oluwole KE, Folasade A, Kayode A, Adeyoyin KM, Abiodun AA, Oluremi OS, Odunmorayo AA, Olukemi AB:
Ophthalmic manifestations in patients with intracranial tumours: African Journal of Neurological Science. 2009; 28(1):53-9.
[2]. Wadud SA, Ahmed S, Choudhury N, Chowdhury D: Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations in patients with intracranial tumours:
Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2014; 23(2):268-71.
[3]. Masaya-anon P, Lorpattanakasem J: Intracranial Tumors Affecting Visual System: 5-Year Review in Prasat Neurological Institute:
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2008; 91 (4):515-19.
[4]. Kitthaweesin K, Ployprasith C. Ocular manifestations of suprasellar tumors. J Med Assoc Thai.2008;91(5):711–715.
[5]. Margalit N, Barkay G, Kesler A. Delay in diagnosis of meningiomas involving the optic apparatus: conclusions and guidelines for
early imaging based on our experience in 100 patients. Harefuah.2013;152(3):135–138.

Abstract: Fungal species inhabit the oral cavity and they are critical components of health and diseases. Studies on fungal species prevalent in oral cavity of some University students in Presco Campus, Ebonyi State University (EBSU) was carried out in July, 2014. The aim of the study was to determine the most preponderant funal species in oral cavity of healthy students. 20 samples of oral cavity swabs were collected and culture in potato dextrose agar (PDA) with chloramphenicol, incubated at 27 oC for 72 hours, fungi organisms were isolated and identified............

Keywords: Fungi, oral cavity, diseases, health, students

[1]. Aas, J. A., Paster, B. J. , Stokes, L.N., Olsen I. and Dewhirst F.E. (2005). Defining the normal Bacterial flora of the oral cavity.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43(11):5721-5732
[2]. Bathoorn, E., Salazar, N.E., Sepehrkhouy, S., Meijer, M., de Cock, H., Haas, P. (2003). Involvement of then opportunistic
pathogen Aspergillus tubingensis in osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone: A case report. BMC Infect Dis. 13:59.
[3]. Costa, A. C., Pereira, C. A., Junqueira, J. C. and Jorge, A. O. (2013). Recent mouse and rat methods for the study of
experimental oral candidiasis. Virulence 4 (5): 391–399.
[4]. Cho, H., Lee, K.H., Colquhoun ,A.N. and Evans, S.A.(2010). Invasive oral Aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid
leukemia 55(2): 214-218

Abstract: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare complication in chronic sinus disease. Here we present a patient diagnosed as SCC arising from an uncared gluteal sinus. A 55 year old female, admitted with discharging sinus left gluteal region since 17 Years, without any medical consultation. Now she has presented to us because of addition of pain and foul smelling of discharge. Excision of swelling in toto was done, revealed it to be a well differentiated SCC...........

Keywords: gluteal sinus, squamous cell carcinoma, neglect)

[1]. Chatzis I, Noussios G, Katsourakis A, Chatzitheoklitos E. Squamous cell carcinoma related to long standing pilonidal-disease. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19:408–9.
[2]. Sharma D, Pratap A, Ghosh A, Shukla VK. Malignant transformation of a pilonidal sinus surgery.
[3]. 2009;145:243–4.
[4]. Glover D.M., Kiehn C.L. Marjolin's ulcer: preventable threat to function and life. Am. J. Surg., 1949; 78: 72-780.
[5]. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery . edited by Norman S Williams, Christopher J K Bulstrode & P Ronan O'connel. 26th edition , CRC press Taylor & Francis group Boca Raton London New York, 2013, p593-4

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the type that develops during pregnancy and it occurs in about 3-5% of pregnant women, usually in the third trimester. This is widely believed to be due to "insulin resistance"- a situation where it is hard for the mother's body to make use of insulin. The placenta that supports the growth of the baby also produces some hormones that help the baby and these hormones hinder the action of insulin thus preventing it from doing its job-controlling blood sugar............

Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 38(Suppl 1), 2015, S8-S16.
[2]. Pansuria M, Xi H, Li L, Yang X-F, Wang H. Insulin resistance, metabolic stress, and atherosclerosis. Frontiers in Bioscience
(Scholar Edition), 4, 2012, 916-931.
[3]. The Committee of the Japan Diabetes Society on the Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus, Seino Y, Nanjo K, et al. Report of the
Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 1(5), 2010, 212-
228.
[4]. Sena CM, Bento CF, Pereira P, Seiça R. Diabetes mellitus: new challenges and innovative therapies. The EPMA Journal, 1(1),
2010, 138-163.

Abstract: Peritrochanteric fracture is a major cause of hospital admissions in elderly people.Conservative methods of treatment results in malunion with shortening,limitation of hip movement and complications of prolonged immobilization.This study is done to analyze the surgical management of Peritrochanteric fractures using Proximal Femoral Nail(PFN).This is a prospective study of 40 cases of fresh trochantric and subtrochanteric fractures admitted to Katuri medical College,Guntur in two years.Cases were taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria............

Keywords: PFN; Peritrochanteric; Subtrochanteric; Trochanteric

[1]. J David G.Lavelle. Fractures and dislocations chapter-52 in CAMPBELL'S OPERATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS, eleventh
edition.VOL-3 pages;3237-3308,
[2]. Kyle Richard F, Campbell Sara J. intertrochanteric fractures,chapter-40 inMICHAEL W.CHAPMAN OPERATIVE
ORTHOPAEDICS.VOL-],pages 600-603.
[3]. "The association of age, race and sex with the location of proximal femoral fractures in elderly", JBJS 1993;,75(5),752-9.
[4]. Boyd H B, GRIFFIN "Classification and treatment of trochanteric fractures "Arch surgery, 1949;58;853-866.
[5]. Habernek H, Wallner T, Aschauer E, Schmid L.Comparison of Ender nails, dynamic hip screws and Gamma nails in treatment of
peri trochanteric femoralfractures". Orthopaedics, 2000; 23{2);121-7.

Abstract: Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery are usually arise from arch of aorta, from right to left direction. Ascending aorta continue as arch of aorta, then it became descending aorta. Arch of aorta and its branches shows many variations. Knowledge of anatomical variation helps to prevent the iatrogenic complication...........

Keywords: Brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, Arch of aorta, Common trunk

[1]. AnsonBH,Cardiology,vol 1 ,New York,McGraw –Hill;1963.The aortic arch and its branches;p 68.
[2]. ML Nelson and Spark;Unusual aortic arch variation;distal origin of common carotid arteries.Clinical anatomy 2001;14(1);62-65
[3]. Satyapal KS et al;Aortic arch branch variation:a case report and arteriographicanalysis;SAfr j surg 2003;41;48-50.
[4]. W.B. Moskowitz and O. Topaz. The implications of common brachiocephalic trunk on associated congenital cardiovascular defects
and their management. Cardiology in the young. 2003;13(6): 537-543
[5]. S. R. Nayak, M.M. Pai et. al . Anatomical organisation of aortic arch variation in india: embryological basis and review. Journal
Vascular Brasileiro. 2006;5(2);95-100

Abstract: Moraxella catarrhalis, a nonfermenter, has long been accepted as a commensal of upper respiratory tract. Then it was confirmed to be a pathogen causing upper respiratory tract infection in children and the elderly. Now it is well known to be causing lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) as well. Ours was an epidemiological to find out the prevalence of this bacteria among patients having features of LRTI. An Institution and community based cross-sectional observational study was carried out over a period of 2 years in the district of rural South 24 parganas...........

Keywords: Moraxella, LRTI, resistance

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1149.
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2:547–559.
[4]. Murphy, T. F. Branhamella catarrhalis: epidemiology, surface antigenic structure, and immune response. Microbiol. Rev 1996;
60:267–279.
[5]. Daoud, A., F. Abuekteish, and H. Masaadeh. Neonatal meningitis due to Moraxella catarrhalis and review of the literature. Ann.
Trop. Paediatr 1996; 16:199–201

Abstract: Rhabdoid meningioma is a rare aggressive variant of meningioma, regarded as WHO grade III type. Histologically and cytologically, it is distinctive type having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, cytoplasmic inclusion with eccentrically placed vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. High recurrence rate and poor outcome are important features. Here we are presenting a rare case of rhabdoid meningioma found in a recurrent meningioma of posterior fossa in a middle aged female. We emphasized the squash cytology and histology finding of the rare neoplasm.

Keywords: Rhabdoid meningioma, WHO grade III, squash cytology, aggressive

[1]. Kar A, Rath G, Mohanty L, Behera P, Mohapatro S, et al. Rhabdoid Meningioma-An Uncommon and Aggressive Variant. J Cancer
Sci Ther 2013; 5: 343-5.
[2]. V Kakar, A Elsmore. Rhabdoid Meningioma: Rare And Highly Aggressive. The Internet Journal of Neurosurgery. 2005;3(2).
[3]. Matyja E, Grajkowska W, Nauman P, Bonicki W, Bojarski P, Marchel A. Necrotic rhabdoid meningiomas with aggressive clinical
behaviour. Clin Neuropathol 2010;29:307–16.
[4]. Perry A, Scheithauer BW, Stafford SL, Abell-Aleff PC, Meyer FB. Rhabdoid meningioma: an aggressive variant. Am J Surg Pathol
1998; 22:1482-90.
[5]. Han H, Du P, Zhang Y, Deng Y. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Rhabdoid Meningioma: One Case Report and Literature
Review. Clin Oncol Cancer Res 2009;6:303-6.

Abstract: Objective: To study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of HIE in NICU in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH) Design: Prospective study Setting: Tertiary care Hospital Participants: 228 term inborn babies who met the inclusion criteria were studied over a period of 12 months. Intervention: None Outcome measures: Incidence of HIE, Risk factors of HIE and Outcome among babies with HIE............

Keywords: Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, Incidence, Risk Factors, outcome

[1]. Dutta. A. K. and Sachdeva. A, Advances in Pediatrics, First Ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers;2007.1: p 12-13
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consensus statement. BMJ 1999; 319 (7216):1054-9.
[3]. Marlow N. & Budge H. Prevalence, causes, and outcome at 2 years of age of newborn encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal
Neonatal Ed: 2005; 90: F 193–194.
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[5]. Ellis M, Manandhar DS, Wyatt J, Bolam AJ & Costello AM. Stillbirths and neonatal encephalopathy in Kathmandu, Nepal: An
estimate of the contribution of birth asphyxia to perinatal mortality in a low-income urban population. Paediatr
PerinatEpidemiol2000; 14: 39–52.

Abstract: Pre eclampsia is one of the most leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries like India.The aim of the study was to assess the association of platelet counts and pre eclampsia.A case control study was conducted in the Department Of Pathology, Government Medical College, Nanded From February 2015 to February 2016. A total of 300 pregnant women in 3rd trimester of pregnancy attending the OPD of Obstetrics and Gyanaecology in Government Medical College & Hospital , Nanded were selected as study subjects..........

[1]. Gleicher N. Why much of the pathophysiology of pre eclampsia and eclampsia must be of an autoimmune nature. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2009 : 196(1) : 501-507
[2]. Von dadelszen P,Magee LA ,Taylor EL, Muir JC, Stewart SD,et al.Maternal hypertension and neonatal outcome among small for
gestational age infants. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:335-39
[3]. Diagnosis and management of Pre eclampsia and eclampsia. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician gynaecologist. ACOG
Practice Bulletin . obstet gynecol 2002; 99:159-67
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[5]. Fernando A, Daftary SN, Bhide AG. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Practical guide to high risk pregnancy and delivery. 3rd
edi. New Delhi: Elsevier ; 2008. p. 411

Abstract: Schwannoma is a benign, capsulated perineural tumour of neuroectodermal derivation that originates from the Schwann cells. The tumour is usually solitary, smooth surfaced, slow growing and generally asymptomatic. Intraparotid Schwannomas are uncommon. Preoperative diagnosis of this tumour is difficult due to varied clinical presentation and nerve site involvement. Here we report a case of a 10yrs old female child with complain of right infra-auricular swelling of seven months. Superficial parotidectomy was done and by histopathological and immunohistochemistry diagnosis was confirmed as Schwannoma.

Keywords: Intraparotid, schwannoma

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Abstract: A case-control study of cytological changes in nasal cavity smear among smokers people was conducted to test the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette tobacco smoke can make cytological change in nasal cavity. This study was conducted in eastern Sudan in Port – Sudan city during 9th of January 2016 to 30 may 2016. Include 140 people, 70 smoker people considered to be the case group and 70 non-smoker considered to be control group. Nasal mucosal smear using different method of stain (papanicolaou and grun Wald Giemsa stain). The result obtained indicated smoking causes change on the cells we found many cytological changes among case group ranged from 5% metaplasia change...........

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alpha 1-antitrypsin." BioMed research international 2013.2- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
Humans. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2004;83:1–1438
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1984; 119:896-906.
[5]. Zheng W, Blot WJ, Shu XO, et al. A population-based casecontrol study of cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in
Shanghai. Int J Cancer 1992;52:557-61.

Abstract: To assess accuracy and reliability of the computed tomographic diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) of first-year radiology residents during the first 6 months of training and to compare the misreporting rates and ascertain causes. Materials And Methods: A total of 464 cases of CT brain trauma performed during the first 6 months of training were reviewed. The provisional reports given by first year residents of 464 cases were compared to the reports issued by the consultant radiologists and results were interpreted by statistical analysis. The causes of the misinterpretation were also assessed, like lack of knowledge of anatomy, not seen those findings earlier, forgot to see coronal/sagittal images, negligence, etc............

Keywords: CT- Computerized tomography; TBI- traumatic brain injury; GCS-Glasgow coma scale

[1]. Bruce Lee and Andrew Newberg. Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Imaging. NeuroRx. 2005 Apr; 2(2): 372–383.
[2]. Stein SC, Ross SE. Mild head injury: a plea for routine early CT scanning. J Trauma 1992; 33:11-13.
[3]. Bisanzo, M., Filbin, M. R., & Bhatia, K. (2007). Emergency management of the trauma patient: Cases, algorithms, evidence.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
[4]. Cooper VF, Goodhartz LA, Nemcek AA, et al. Radiology resident interpretations of oncall imaging studies: The incidence of major
discrepancies. AcadRadiol. 2008;15:1198- 1204.
[5]. Lal NR, Murray UM, Eldevik OP, et al. Clinical consequences of misinterpretations of neuroradiologic CT scans by on-call
radiology residents. Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:124-129.

Abstract: Introduction: Malaria, an endemic disease in the tropics and subtropics, is a major cause of death in children under-five years of age worldwide. It accounts for 60% of outpatient visits and 30% of hospitalizations among Nigerian children in this age group. Several measures have been put in place to reduce the malaria burden. This study determined the prevalence and trend of malaria among under-five children in a malaria sentinel primary health centre in Awka south local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria over a three year period............

Keywords: Malaria; Prevalence;Primary health center; Trend; Under-five.

[1]. Ogala WN. Infectious diseases: Malaria. In: Azubuike JC, Nkanginieme KEO. Paediatrics and Child Health in a Tropical Region.
Second edition, Nigeria: University of Port Harcout Press; 2007. p 596-600.
[2]. Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH). National Antimalarial Treatment Policy. FMOH, National Malaria and Vector Control
Division, Abuja, Nigeria 2005.
[3]. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 2010.
[4]. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 2013.
[5]. KwabeTS ,Abdulfatai O, Agbam EF, Usman A, Bashiru AM. Mothers Management of Malaria Fever among Under-Five Nomadic
Fulani Children of Northeastern Nigeria. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, 2013; 1(2):26-33.