iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: Percutaneous nephrostomy is done for either diagnostic or therapeutic indications. Common therapeutic indication is to drain an obstructed upper urinary tract. It can be done under local anaesthesia with image guidance. In spite of being a very safe procedure, it has got some complications like haemorrhage, sepsis, dislodgement of catheter, pneumothorax etc. A patient visited our emergency department with a closed catheter on his back. On exploration it was found to be draining fresh blood. Someone tried percutaneous nephrostomy outside. The patient was hemodynamically stable. Fluoroscopic examination showed the catheter tip coiled inside the inferior venacava..................

Keywords:percutaneous nephrostomy; complication ; inferior venacava

[1]. Radecka E, Magnusson A, complications associated with percutaneous nephrostomies- a retrospective study. Acta Radiol 2004;45:
184-8.
[2]. Gray RR, So CB, Mcloughlin RF, Pugash RA, Saliken Jc, Macklin NI. Outpatient percutaneous nephrostomy, Radiology 1996;
198: 85-8.
[3]. Sood G, Sood A, Jindal A, Verma DK, Dhiman DS. Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy for obstructive uropathy in
benign and malignant diseases. Int Braz J Urol 2006; 32: 281-6.
[4]. Lee WJ, Patel U, Patel S, Pillari GP. Emergency Percutaneous Nephrostomy: results and complications. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;
5: 135-9.
[5]. Hausegger KA, Portugaller HR. Percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade ureteral stenting: technique-indicationscomplications.
EurRadiol2006;16:2016-30.

Abstract: Introduction Tumous of the bladder are one of the most common urological lesions encountered in clinical practice. Cancer
of the urinary bladder is the 7th most common cancer worldwide which constitutes for 90% of all primary tumors of the bladder.The present study was undertaken to review the histopathological lesions of the bladder, determine the age, sex, incidence of these tumours along with grading and staging. Objectives:1.To identify the various histopathological lesions of the urinary bladder 2.To determine the
demographic characteriatics of the bladder lesions............

Keywords: Bladder cancer, Hematuria, Urothelial lesions.

[1]. RGI and Census Commissioner(2006) Census of India.New Delhi: Office of registrar general and census commissioner, Ministry of
Home Affairs, Government of India.
[2]. Mahesh KU, Yelikar BR, Spectrum of lesions in cystoscopic bladder biopsies- A histopathological study. Al Ameen J Med
Sci.2012;5(2):132-6.
[3]. Epstein JI. The lower urinary tract and male genital system. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N,eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic
Basis of Disease.7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.p 1023-58
[4]. Murphy DM, Zincke H, Furlow WL. Management of high grade transitional cell cancer of upper urinary tract. J Urol.1981;125:25-
9.
[5]. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M,Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F. GLOBOCAN 2012.

Abstract: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) comprises one of the major diseases in pediatric age group Congenital Heart Disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Present study was a imed to find out the clinical profile of children admitted with congenital heart disease in a tertiary care hospital. It was a hospital based observational study. Duration of study was 1 year starting from June 2014 to May 2015.All children between age group 1 month to 12 years , admitted in pediatric department over a period of one year were included in the study..........

..........

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Abstract: Lymph node enlargement is a common clinical finding in pediatric practice. It may represent normal age related physiological changes or transient response to various benign local or generalized infections.The aetiological profile varies. In developing countries like India, acute respiratory infections, suppurative skin infections and tuberculosis are the major causes for regional lymphadenopathy. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the clinical profile of significant lymphadenopathy in childhood with special reference to evaluate the role of FNAC profile in etiological work up. The study included 50 consecutive paediatric patients with significant lymphadenopathy...........

Keywords: Biopsy- fine needle, lymphadenopathy, pediatrics.

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PM. Tuberculosis in Children. Ind J Pediatr 1994; 61: 451-462.
[4]. Alice Rock, Bruce Cammita. Lymphadenopathy. In Waldo Nelson, Behraman RE, Kliegman, eds.
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Abstract: Phyllodes tumors of the breast are uncommon biphasic fibroepithelial neoplasms that account for less than 1% of breast tumors and 2-3% of the fibroepithelial tumors. Histologically phyllodes tumor consists of epithelial component and mesenchymal or stromal component. Metaplastic malignant stromal transformation in phyllodes tumor is usually in 10-15% of cases mostly as high grade sarcoma NOS type but sometimes may shows areas resembling osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma.......

[1]. Carter BA, Page DL. Phyllodes tumor of the breast: local recurrence versus metastatic capacity. Hum Pathol. 2004 ;35:1051-1052
[2]. M. Chelius, Neue Jahrbucher Der Teutschen Medicin and Chirurgie, Naegele und Puchelt, Heidelberg, Germany, 1827.
[3]. World Health Organization, Histologic Typing of Breast Tumors, vol. 2, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2nd edition, 1981.
[4]. .Rosen PP. Fibroepithelial neoplasms. In: (ed.) Weinberg RW, Donnellan K, Palumbo R. Rosen's Breast Pathology, 2nd
ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001:176-200.
[5]. P. F. Ridgway, R. K. Jacklin, P. Ziprin et al., "Perioperative diagnosis of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast may be enhanced by
MIB-1 index," Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 83–88, 2004..

Abstract: Removal of impacted tooth is one of the most common surgical procedure performed by the oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The mandibular third molar is the most commonly impacted tooth . Mandibular third molar extraction carries many complications of which injury to inferior alveolar nerve is most significant. In the case described here ; after adequate bone removal and drilling a hole in the horizontal impacted tooth's crown ; a ( 2 *10 ) mm titanium screw preattached with a 26mm stainless steel wire ligature was tightened to the impacted tooth crown .........

Keywords: Impacted Mandibular third molar ; Inferior alveolar nerve ; Titanium screw

[1]. Archer WH. Oral Surgery: A Step-By-Step Atlas of Operative Techniques, 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1966. p.
507-10.
[2]. Peterson LJ. Principles of Management of Impacted Teeth. In: Peterson LJ, Ellis E III, Hupp JR, Tuker MR, editors. Contemporary
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1998. p. 215-48.
[3]. Agarwal KN, Gupta R, Faridi MM, Kalra N. Permanent dentition in Delhi boys of age 5-14 years. Indian Pediatr. 2004
Oct;41(10):1031-5. [PubMed]
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[5]. Bux P, Lisco V. Ectopic third molar associated with a dentigerous cyst in the subcondylar region: report of case. J Oral Maxillofac
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Abstract: Cardio respiratory fitness is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory system to supply oxygen to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to utilize oxygen to produce energy. Maximal Oxygen uptake (VO2max) is the Gold standard to measure the cardio respiratory fitness. High fitness level lowers the risk of many health problems like cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes, Obesity etc. Hence it is required for students to measure and analyze their fitness for a healthy lifestyle.........

Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, Exercise

[1]. Lee D, Artero EG, Sui X, Blair SN. Mortality trends in the general population: the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness. J
Psychopharmacol 2010 Nov; 24(4): 27–35.
[2]. Nabi T, Rafiq N, Qayoom O. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness [VO2 max] among medical students by Queens College step
test. Int J Biomed Adv Research 2015; 6(05): 418-421.
[3]. Pate R, Oria M, Pillsbury L. Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth; Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of
Medicine.Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2012 Dec.
[4]. Lee CD, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness and smoking related and total cancer mortality in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;
34:735-739.
[5]. Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, Do D, Partington S, Atwood JE. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for
exercise testing. N Engl J Med 2002 Mar 14;346(11):793-801.

Abstract: Background: Head and neck regions are hearth for various palpable neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of organs like lymphnodes, salivary glands, thyroid, soft tissues and bone. These lesions may vary from developmental anamolies to malignancies. The advantage of swellings of head and neck is that they can readily be noticed by the patient and are easily accessible by the doctor.FNAC has been gained immense popular diagnostic procedure as it ts simple, least expensive, rapidly diagnostic and an easy to perform procedure. In inaccessible swellings fnac can be done under radiological guidance.FNAC of head and neck regions accounts for about2/3rds of all body swellings aspirated. With this concept we take up the study of FNAC of tumors of head and neck excluding thyroid.........

Keywords: FNAC, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Head & neck tumours

[1]. Schwartz et al, Fine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of head and neck masses. The American J. surgery1990; 159 : 482
- 485.
[2]. Mc Lean NR , Hanop Griffith K, Sahaha HJ, Trott DA. FNAC in head and neck regions. British J of plastic surgery 1989 ; 42
[3]. Gertner et al. Accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsies in neck masses. Laringoscope 1984 ; 94 : 1370 – 71.
[4]. Young MJ et al. Needle aspiration cytology biopsy in head and neck masses. The American J. Surgery 1981 ; 142 : 484 – 489.
[5]. Kline TS, Marriom JM, Shapshay et al , aspiration biposies of salivary glands, American J. clinical pathology 1989 ; 76 : 263 – 269..

Abstract: Analysis of epidemiological distribution and quality of life in patients with advanced glaucoma and their associated fundus and optical coherence tomography features Material & method –Patients diagnosed with glaucoma and no other ocular comorbidity were consecutively recruited. Clinical information was collected. All patients undergone serial monitoring of vision & intraocular pressure with added investigation like Gonioscopy, Dilated fundus examination for disc changes, Clinical photography & optical coherence.........

Keywords: Population survey, Disc cupping, Advanced glaucoma and Quality of life.

[1]. Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90 : 262-7.
[2]. Gillies W. E., Brooks A. M., Strang N. T. (2000). Management and prognosis of end stage glaucoma. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol,
28, PP.(405-408). (Gillies & Brooks et al., 2000)
[3]. Quigley HA: Number of people with glaucoma worldwide. BrJ Ophthalmol 1996, 80:389-93.
[4]. Hartmann W, Rhee DJ: The patient's journey: Glaucoma. BMJ 2006, 333:738-739.
[5]. Bartz-Schmidt K. U., Thumann G., Jonescu-Cuypers C. P., et al. (1999) Quantitative morphologic and functional evaluation of the
optic nerve head in chronic openangle glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 44; 1, pp.541-553. (Bartz-Schmidt & Thumann G et al., 1999)

Abstract: In current day practice various additives are used intrathecally to have good post operative analgesia and optimal operative conditions. Presently alfa 2 agonists like dexmeditomidine and clonidine are routinely used which may be associated with side effects. We have tried to evaluate buphrenorphine and fentanyl as additives which offer similar benefits of alfa2 agonists and are associated with less side effects.........

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Buphrenorphine, Fentanyl, Postoperative Analgesia, Subarachnoid Block.

[1]. Sapkal P S, Kulkarni K D, Rajurkar S S, Nandedkar P D .Comparative study of intrathecal clonidine and intrathecal buprenorpine
for postoperative analgesia after lower limb orthopedic surgery. Ijcrr 2013; 5(6): 87-91.
[2]. Borse Y M, Thorat S , Dighe J, Patil P. A Comparative Study Of Intrathecal Bupivacaine And Bupivacaine With Buprenorphine
For Post-Operative Analgesia In Orthopedic Surgeries. Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 2015; 2(2):92-96.
[3]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;50:222–7.
[4]. Safiya IS, Kiran M. Intrathecal buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia: A prospective randomized double blinded study. J
Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2010; 26(1):35-38.
[5]. Capogna G, Celleno D, Tagariello V, Loffreda-Maniculli C. Intrathecal buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly
patient. Anaesthesia 1988; 43(2): 128-30.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the sagittal skeletal jaw base and dental arch relationships among adult orthodontic patients. 152 (male: 69 and female: 83; 21.4±3.48 years of age) patients' dental study model casts and pretreatment 2D lateral cephalometric radiographs derived from CBCT 3D images were randomly selected. Paired t-test was performed to assess the difference between the examiners. Angle's classification corresponded with skeletal classification by ANB angle measurement in 76.9% of the total sample (p<0.01) whereas Angle's classification and skeletal classification by Wits appraisal measurement corresponded in 61.8% of the study sample (p<0.01)..........

Keywords: CBCT, Cephalometrics, Malocclusion, Orthodontics, Relationship, Sagittal

[1] Y. H. Kim., S.J. Kang., and H. Sun. Cephalometric Angular Measurements of the Mandible Using Three-Dimensional Computed
Tomography Scans in Koreans. Arch Plast Surg. 2016 Jan; 43(1): 32–37.
[2] H.S. Lin, J.D. Li, Y.J. Chen, C.C. Lin, T.W. Lu, and M. H. Chen. Comparison of measurements of mandible growth using cone
beam computed tomography and its synthesized cephalograms. Biomed Eng Online. 2014; 13: 133.
[3] C.S. Park, J.K. Park, H Kim, S.S. Han, H.G. Jeong, and H. Park. Comparison of conventional lateral cephalograms with
corresponding CBCT radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012 Dec; 42(4): 201–205.
[4] G.S. Liedke, E.L. Delamare, M.B Vizzotto, H.L.D. da Silveira, J.R. Prietsch, V. Dutra, and H.E.D. da Silveira. Comparative study
between conventional and cone beam CT-synthesized half and total skull cephalograms. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2012 Feb; 41(2):
136–142.
[5] V. Kumar, J.B. Ludlow, A. Mol, L. Cevidanes. Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalograms.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2007; 36(5):263–269.

Abstract: Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunt (PSS) and it manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities. It is a common cause of hospitalization and affects the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. Aims and Objectives: We evaluated the precipitating factors of overt HE in patients with cirrhosis of liver presenting to our tertiary care hospital. We attempted to correlate the precipitating factors with mortality in hospitalized patients with OHE.........

Keywords: Hepatic Encephalopathy, Cirrhosis of Liver, Alcoholic Liver Disease

[1]. Hendrik Vilstrup, Piero Amodio, Jasmohan Bajaj et al. Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease:2014 Practice Guideline
by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver.
HEPATOLOGY, Vol. 60, No. 2, 2014: 715-35
[2]. D'Amico G, Morabito A, Pagliaro L, Marubini E. Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis.
Dig Dis Sci 1986;31:468-475.
[3]. Ding A, Lee A, Callender M, Loughrey M, Quah SP, Dinsmore WW. Hepatic encephalopathy as an unusual late complication of
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion for non-cirrhotic portal hypertension caused by nodular regenerative
hyperplasia in an HIVpositive patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2010;21:71-72.
[4]. Ito T, Ikeda N, Watanabe A, Sue K, Kakio T, Mimura H, et al. Obliteration of portal systemic shunts as therapy for hepatic
encephalopathy in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Gastroenterol Jpn 1992;27:759-764.

Abstract: Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The clinical manifestation and outcome are related to the severity of water deficit and pattern of electrolyte disturbance. Objective: To study prevalence of hypokalaemia in children with diarrhea and its neuromuscular manifestations Methodology: Clinical signs suggestive of hypokalaemia like lethargy, muscular weakness, abdominal distention, decreased bowel sound were carefully looked. These signs were correlated with potassium status Results: In the present study 21% of patient with diarrhea were hypokalaemic where as 78% of the patient were normokalaemic. The present study shows that incidence of lethargy, muscular weakness, abdominal distention and faint or absent bowel sound increased.........

Keywords: Diarrhea, Hpokalaemia, Neuromuscular

[1]. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998-1999), India. Chapter-6, Mortality, Morbidity and Immunization, International
Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 2000; 178-235.
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(Ber).2006 Nov; 47(11): 1110, 112-4.
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1990; 38:677.
[4]. Kc M, Gurubacharya DL, Lohani R, Raunivar A. Serum urea, creatinine and electrolyte status in patient presenting with acute
gastroenteritis. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2006 Jul-Sep; 45(163):291-4.
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Abstract: Introduction: Soft tissue tumours, a highly heterogeneous group of tumours are classified on a histogenetic basis according to the adult tissue they resemble. Within the various histogenetic categories, they are usually divided into benign, intermediate and malignant forms. Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate pattern of distribution of the soft tissue tumours in relation to different age groups, sex and site distribution.........

Keywords: Soft tissue tumors(STT),benign STT, malignant STT, lipoma

[1]. Batra et.al/Pattern of Soft Tissue Tumours In A Rural Population Of Central India, Innovative Journal of Medical and Health
Science 3 : 3 May – June. (2013) 124 - 126.
[2]. Bharti G Ramnani et al., Clinicopathological Profile of Benign Soft Tissue Tumors: A Study of 120 Cases in a Tertiary Care
Hospital in Western India, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014 Oct, Vol-8(10): FC01-FC04
[3]. Dr.G.V.R.N.KrishnaKanth, AHistopathological Study of Soft Tissue Tumors, IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences
(IOSR-JDMS), Volume 14, Issue 7 Ver. II (July. 2015), PP 82-85.
[4]. Yücetürk et al. The prevalence of bone and soft tissue tumors ,ActaOrthopTraumatolTurc 2011;45(3):135-143
[5]. Allen et al, Giant lipomas of the upper extremity, Can J PlastSurgVol 15 No 3 Autumn 2007

Abstract: This prospective cross sectional study was done with the aim to study the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of community acquired urinary tract infection in children at a tertiary care centre in Assam. A total of 450 urine samples received in the bacteriology laboratory of children with suspected UTI were processed for wet mount microscopy and semi quantitative culture to diagnose UTI. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the disc diffusion technique according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines..........

Keywords: Uropathogens, Antimicrobial Sensitivity pattern, Urinary Tract Infection

[1]. Elder JS. Urologic disorders in infants and children. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson textbook of
Pediatrics. 16th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;2000:1621–5.
[2]. Zorc J, Kiddoo D ,Shaw K. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 ; 18(2):
417–422.
[3]. Shaw KN, Gorelick M, McGowan KL, Yakscoe NM, Schwartz JS.Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile young children in
the emergency department. Pediatrics.1998; 102:e16.
[4]. Chon CH, Lai FC, Shorthffe LM. Pediatric urinary tract infection. Pediatr Clin North Amer.2001;48:1447-59.
[5]. Wald ER, Feigin RD, Chery JD, Demmier GJ, Kapian SL. Cystitis and pyelonephritis. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. p. 541-53.

Abstract: Clinical features of HIV infection in children are protean. Existing therapeutic and care decision making guidelines are predominantly based on CD4 counts and plasmaviral load that are not routine in our settings. The identification of surrogate markers (clinical symptoms and signs) that can correlate with immunosuppression, helps to optimize the need of CD4 counts and plasma viral loads..........

Keywords: AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome, HIV: human immunodeficiency virus, NACO: national AIDS control organisation, WHO: world health organisation

[1]. Murray R P. Rosenthal SK. Kobayashi SG, PFaller AM. Retroviruses. in. MedicalMicrobiology. 4t1 cdn. Eds: Murray R
P.Rosenthal SK. Kobayashi SG. PFaller AM. New York. Mosby Inc. 2002. 574 - 575.
[2]. Merchant RH. Oswal JS, Bhagat RV. Karkare J. Clinical profile of HIV infection. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:239-246.
[3]. Verghese VP. Cherian T. Cherian AJ. et al. Clinical manifestations of HIV-1 Infection. Indian Pediatr 2002; 39:57-63.
[4]. Dhurat R, Manglani M, Sharma R. Shah NK. Clinical spectrum of HIV infection. Indian Pediatr 2000; 37:831-836.
[5]. Lodha R, Singhal T. Jain Y, Kabra SK. Seth P. Seth V. pediatric HIV infection in a Tertiary Care Center in North India: Early
impressions. Indian Pediatr 2000; 7:982-986.

Abstract: Background:About 80 percent of people are secretors of AB antigen. It has been proposed that secretion of these antigens into the saliva might be caries-preventive. So this study was conducted to determine the salivary secretor status of AB blood group in relation to experience and severity of dental caries on one hand, and salivary alkaline phosphatase related to dentition status on the other hand..........

Keywords: Dental caries, salivary ABO, salivary alkaline phosphatase.

[1]. Dean Laura. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens: Belinda Beck;Graphic Design: Todd Groesbeck; 2005.
[2]. Morris A. Blajchman MD.Transfusion Medicine Reviews. Elsevier 2009;23 (4):292-309.
[3]. Daniels G. Human blood groups, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2002 .p.14–16.
[4]. Blaney, Kathy D, Howard, Paula R. Basic and Appliedconcepts of blood banking and transfusion practices. 3rd ed. Elsevier;
2013.p.323-9.
[5]. Barbara J Bain, Imelda Bates, Michael A Laffan, SMitchell Lewis. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology .11th ed.Elsevier; 2012.

Abstract: Aim:- To find the physiological variations in bleeding time among 2nd year BDS students. Objective:- To examine the physical,personal and diurnal variations in bleeding time. Background:- Bleeding time is a medical test to assess the platelets function and the body's ability to form a clot.The normal bleeding time is found to be 3-10mins depending on the method used.There are different methods to determine bleeding time like Ivy method,Duke's method,Mielke method,Simplate method.Duke's method is the most common method used in practice............

[1]. Kumar SS, VK JM, George J, Mukkadan JK. Bleeding time and Clotting Time in Healthy Male and Female College Students of Karukutty Village,Kerala. JHProspect 2013;12(I):7-9.
[2]. Kaur M, Singh A, Bassi R, Kaur D. Blood group distribution and its relationship with bleeding time and clotting time. National Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.2015;5(3).
[3]. Dr.Sasekala.M, Dr.P.Saikumar.Relationship Between Bleeding Time And Clotting Time Among Gender Difference And Varying Blood Groups In UG Medical Students. IOSR-JDMS.2013;10(6):40-43.
[4]. Maleki A, Roohafza H, Rashidi N, Aliyari F, Ghanavati R, Foroughi S, Nabatchi B, Torkashvand M. Determination of normal range of bleeding time in rural and urban residents of Borujerd,Iran:A pilot study. ARYA Atherosclerosis Journal 2012;8(3):136-142.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate post treatment complications of mandibular fracture by semirigid fixation. 1850 patients who suffered maxillofacial injury were seen during the period 1997-2007 at JIPMER, Pondicherry ( now,Puducherry), India.1000 patients had mandibular fractures and were treated by semi-rigid fixation.Onehundredpatientssuffered from some type of post-treatment complications..........

Keywords: Mandibular fracture, semi-rigid fixation, complications.

[1]. Passeri LA, Ellis III E, Sinn DP. Complications of non-rigid fixation of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. April
1993:51(4):382-84.
[2]. Ellis III E. Treatment methods for fractures of the mandibular angle. Int J Oral Maxillofac. August 1999; 28(4): 243-52.
[3]. Feller KU, Schneider M, Hlawitschka M, Pfeier G, Lauer G et al. Analysis of complications in fractures of mandibular angle- a
study with finite element computation and evaluation of data of 277 patients. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg 2003;31(5):290-95.
[4]. Toma VS, Mather RH, Meleca RJ. Trans oral versus extra oral reduction of mandibular fractures: Oto-larnygeal head Neck Surg
2003;128(2):215-19.
[5]. Seeman R, SchichoK, Wutzl A Fetal. Complications rate in the operative treatment of mandibular angle fractures: a 10 year
retrospective. J Oral Maxillofacial Surg. 2010 Mar: 68(3);647-50.

Abstract: Neurofibroma, constitutes a distinct clinical entity especially if its occurrence is seen in oral cavity. They have been divided into two broad categories viz; dermal and plexiform. Dermal lesions are further classified as discrete cutaneous neurofibromas, discrete subcutaneous neurofibromas and deep nodular neurofibromas. In oral cavity it may appear as a solitary or; multiple disseminated, associated with von Recklinghausen disease. Here we present a case report of discrete subcutaneous neurofibroma of skin associated with Neurofibromatosis 1, alongwith solitary neurofibroma involving the tongue, focusing on clinical features, histopathology and various treatment modalities.

Keywords: Oral neurofibroma, discrete subcutaneous neurofibroma, solitary neurofibroma of tongue

[1]. Muir D, Neubauer D, Lim IT, Yachnis AT, Wallace MR. "Tumorigenic properties of neurofibromin-deficient neurofibroma
Schwann cells.". Am J Pathol 2003; 158 (2): 501–13.
[2]. "Case Based Pediatrics for Medical Students and Residents: Chapter XVIII.11. Neurofibromatosis", by Vince K. Yamashiroya, MD.
August, 2002. Department of Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.
[3]. Miller RT. "Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of schwannoma and neurofibroma" (PDF). Propath October 2004.
[4]. Zheng H, Chang L, Patel N, Yang J, Lowe L, Burns DK, Zhu Y. "Induction of Abnormal Proliferation by Nonmyelinating Schwann
Cells Triggers Neurofibroma Formation". Cancer Cell 2008; 13 (2): 117–28.
[5]. Johann AC, Caldeira PC, Souto GR, Freitas JB, Mesquita RA. Extra-osseous solitary hard palate neurofibroma. Braz J
Otorhinolaryngol Mar-Apr 2008; 74(2):317.

Abstract: The umbilicus is a round dermal projection of the centre of the anterior abdominal wall. The position of the umbilicus is a significant factor in surgical procedures like abdominoplasty. So the study is aimed to determine the relative position of umbilicus in developing foetuses. During routine dissection of the foetuses of different gestational ages, in the Department of Anatomy, the position of the umbilicus was measured in 34 numbers of foetuses...........

Keywords: Abdominoplasty, Pubic Symphysis, Umbilicus, Xiphisternum.

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[2]. H Davari, M Nazem. The normal position of umbilicus in the newborn: an aid to improve cosmetic result in exomphalos major. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2004;1:34-8.
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Abstract: Gingival overgrowth arises chiefly as a consequence of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or antihypertensive medications. Excessive gingival tissues hampers oral function, compromises oral hygiene and produces a considerable aesthetic disfigurement. Owing to an ambiguous pathogenesis several factors like age, drug doses, genetic factors, and plaque induced inflammation, etc. proposed jeopardize the dental treatment. The development of novel preventive and therapeutic modalities to treat gingival overgrowth entails a systematic approach...........

Keywords: Drug induced gingival enlargement, calcium channel blockers, Amlodipine, stress, Perceived stress scale.

[1]. Priyadharshini V, Belure VV, Triveni MG, Tarun Kumar AB, Mehta DS. Successful management of phenytoin and phenobarbitone induced gingival enlargement: A multimodal approach. Contemp Clin Dent. 2014;5:268-71.

[2]. Hallmon WW, Rossmann JA: The role of drugs in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. A collective review of current concepts. Periodontol 2000. 1999;21:176-96

[3]. Seymour RA: Effect of medications on the periodontal tissues in health and disease. Periodontol 2000. 2006;40:120-9.
[4]. Lorena M, Autolitano A, Natale G. Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide-induced hepatotoxicity. Archives of Medical Science. 2015;11:893-94.

[5]. Darveau RP, Tanner A, Page RC: The microbial challenge in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000. 1997;14:12-32.

Abstract: Dermoid cysts are benign germ - cell tumors containing a combination of different types of tissues. There are various etiologies for origin of dermoid cysts. Clinically dermoidcyst appear as a subcutaneous swelling containing a cheesy material and having a distinct puncta. Three histological variants of dermoid cyst are known. Surgical exision is the best known treatment option so far. These are rare in head and neck region. Very few cases of post-auricular dermoid cysts have been mentioned in literature...........

Keywords: Dermoid Cyst, Post-auricular

[1]. Moş C. Ovarian dermoid cysts: ultrasonographic findings. Medical Ultrasonography 2009; 11(4), 61-66
[2]. Krastev S D, Filipova I. Embryology OfDermoid Cysts With Neuro-Ectodermal Content. JIMAB 2013; 19(1): 405-407
[3]. Jeyaraj PCW, Sahoo NKB. A case of an unusually large Sublingual dermoid cyst of the maxillofacial region. J Dent Med MedSCi
2012; 2(2): 19-25
[4]. Jham BC, Duraes GV, Jham AC, Santos CR. Epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth : A Case Report. J Can Dent Assoc 2007;
73(6): 525-528
[5]. Sunil S, Oommen N, Rathy R, Rekha VR, Raj D, Sruthy VK. Epidermoid cysts of head and neck region - Case series and review
of literature. Int. J. Odontostomat 2014; 8(2):165-169

Abstract: Teledentistry could be the next phase of oral health care with great potential of reducing morbidity and mortality in rural population with early detection, diagnosis and prevention activities.This is a fast developing area of dentistry that integrates electronic health records, telecommunications technology, digital imaging, and the Internet to link dental providers and their patients...........

Keywords: Dental care, health records, teledentistry.

[1]. Rajan Shirolkar, Kosha Ruparelia, Chandramani More, Prithesh Ruparelia. Teledentistry: An Art and Science of Healing. Journal of
Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. April- June 2011; 23(2): 108-111.
[2]. Chen JW, Hobdell MH, Dunn K, Johnson KA, Zhang J. Teledentistry and its use in dental education. J Am Dent Assoc
2003;134:342–6.
[3]. Hovliaras-Delozier CA. Teledentistry: telecommunication technology in the implementation of dental care. Access, February
2007:2–4.
[4]. Ignatius E, Makela K, Happonen RP, Perala S. Teledentistry in dental specialist education in Finland. J Telemedicine Telecare
2006;12(3):46–9.
[5]. Patel, R. N., &Antonarakis, G. S. (2013). Factors influencing the adoption and implementation of teledentistry in the UK, with a
focus on orthodontics. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 41(5), 424-431.

Abstract: Introduction: There are various pathologies in the small bowel that can lead to small bowel obstruction or intussusception. The etiology causing obstruction is different for different age groups. Benign disease contributes to the typical cause of small bowel obstruction in children and adolescents, while malignancy or adhesions are far more common in the older group of patients. Although cases of adult intussusception caused by benign diseasess are rare, there are reports of inflammatory fibroid polyps causing adult intussusception of the terminal ileum published in the literature..........

Keywords: Claw sign, Inflammatory fibroid polyp, Intestinal obstruction, Intussusceptions

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[2]. Eisen LK, Cunningham JD, Aufses AH Jr: Intussusception in adults: institutional review. J Am CollSurg 1999, 188:390–395.
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[5]. Vanek J: Gastric submucosal granuloma with eosinophilic infiltration. Am J Pathol 1949, 25(3):397– 411.