iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: We report the MR findings in a case of Hirayama disease, a kind of cervical myelopathy related to flexion movements of the neck. In flexion MR studies, we can see the striking and pathognomonic picture of anterior shifting of posterior dura at the lower cervical spinal canal. In nonflexion studies, we find that asymmetric cord atrophy, especially at the lower cervical cord, though subtle, is highly suggestive of Hirayama disease. When it is seen, a flexion MR study is warranted to prove this diagnosis. Hirayama disease, also termed nonprogressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limbs, is a kind of cervical myelopathy related to flexion movements of the neck (1–6). The pathogenetic mechanism of this disease is attributed to forward displacement of the posterior........

Keywords –Hirayama disease, Flexion MR, Dynamic MRI, Cervical cord.

[1]. Hirayama K, Tokumaru Y. Cervical dural sac and spinal cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity. Neurology. 2000;54:1922–6. [PubMed]

[2]. Tashiro K, Kikuchi S, Itoyama Y, Tokumaru Y, Sobue G, Mukai E, et al. Nationwide survey of juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease) in Japan.Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2006;7:38–45. [PubMed]

[3]. Hirayama K. Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity (Hirayama disease) – half-century progress and establishment since its discovery. Brain Nerve. 2008;60:17–29.[PubMed]

[4]. Kikuchi S, Tshiro K, Kitagawa K, Iwasaki Y, Abe H. A mechanism of juvenile muscular atrophy localized in the hand and forearm; Flexion myelopathy with tight dural canal in flexion.Clin Neurol. 1987;27:412

[5]. Toma S, Shiozawa Z. Amyotrophic cervical myelopathy in Adolocent. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58:56–64. [PMC free article] [PubMed]-.

Abstract: Introduction: The mandible is reportedly the most common fractured bone in facial trauma. The primary goal of the management of fractured mandibule is restoration of its form and function. Aim of the study: To record the number of patients with fracture mandible, following trauma, who underwent treatment in our department during study period, study the age and sex group of patients involved , analyse the various causes of injuries that led to the fracture mandible, study the different region/s in mandible affected, study the various modalities of treatment applied, study the functional outcome of the treatment, give awareness to the patient's relatives about proper follow up of patients.......

Keywords: Mandible fractures, Accident, Parasymphysis, Open reduction, Mini plates, Screws, Wire..

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[4]. Babcock, J. L.: Cervical spine injuries. Diagnosis and classification. Arch.
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Abstract: Introduction: Pressure sores are defined as soft-tissue injuries resulting from unrelieved pressure over a bony prominence. Decubitus ulcers term derived from Latin decumbere, to lie down – occur over areas that have underlying bony prominences when the patient is recumbent, e.g., the sacrum, trochanter, heel, and occiput. To formulate a reconstructive protocol for sacral pressure sore management, based on the outcomes of the study and existing literature, at the same time keeping in mind the resources available. Aims And Objective: The aim of the study is to know , The causative and risk factors in development of sacral pressure sore .The types, planning and techniques of reconstructive methods. The merits and demerits of individual reconstructive options. The Clinical results after a surgical reconstruction of sacral pressure sores, The post operative management and the risk factors for recurrence and complications........

Keywords: Pressure sores, flaps, infection, anaemia, dressing

[1]. Robert foster: pressure sores. Stephen j.mathes (ed) : Plastic surgery,2nd edition volume VI , chapter 157, 2006
[2]. John D.Bauer, John S Mancoll, Linda G.Phillips : Pressure sores.
[3]. Grabb and Smith's Plastic surgery, Part VII, chapter 74, 2007
[4]. Berish Strauch , Luis O. Vasconez, Elizabeth J.Hall Findlay: Grabb's Encyclopedia of flaps , 2nd edition, section 4 , part E,F,G, 1998.
[5]. George C.Cormack , B.George H.Lamberty : The Arterial Anatomy of skin flaps, second edition, 1994.

Abstract: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase is a specific marker of osteoblasts and gives a good measure of bone forming activity.1bone metabolic units (BMU )are also activated in fracture healing and can be demonstrated quantitatively by estimation of bone turnover markers (BTMs). Serum alkaline phosphatase is a specific marker of osteoblasts and gives a good measure of bone forming activity. Aims :to evaluate the changes in serum alkaline phosphatase levels during healing of isolated femur shaft fractures treated with close reduction and interlocking nail Material And methods: descriptive, prospective and follow up study was conducted in the department of Orthopaedics, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals.........

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Abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard in the treatment of gallbladder pathology and is replacing open cholecystectomy. To study the scoring system of operative findings at laparoscopic cholecystectomy, to allow grading of the findings and standardize the degree of cholecystitis. Methods: 50 patients who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a period of 6 months were included in the study. The current scoring system proposed is based on the severity of cholecystitis and degree of potential difficulty with a score from 1 to 10. The key aspects of the score include access to the gallbladder including patient body mass index (BMI), the degree of pericholic and right upper quadrant adhesions particularly in patients who have had previous abdominal surgery, the presence of complicated cholecystitis and the time taken by the surgeon to achieve the triangle of.............

[1]. Rakesh Tendon, " Diseases of gallbladder and biliary tract". API text book of medicine, Dr. Siddarth N Shah, 7th edition, 2003, PP 642 - 644.
[2]. Conference, N C. Gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: JAMA 1992; 269: 1018-1024.
[3]. Ravi S Chari, MD and Shinul A Shah, MD. Biliary system, Sabiston textbook of surgery; Courtney M Townsend, R Laniel Beauchamp, B. Mark Evers, Kenneth L Mattox. 18th edition , Saunders Elsevier, vol 2, 2009. chapter 54, PP: 1547-1588.
[4]. Boni L, et al. Infective complication of laparoscopic surgery. Surg infect (Larchmt), 2006; 7 suppl 2: S109-11.
[5]. Stewart L, Oesterle A L, Erdan I, et al: pathogenesis of pigment gallstones in western societies: The central role of bacteria. J Gastroinfest Surg 6: 891-903, 2002.

Abstract: Perforation leak chances are more when we use an unhealthy omentum for perforation closure.In cases of perforation peritonitis presenting after 6 hours omentum would not be healthy,in such cases we can make use of falciform ligamentfor perforation closure Aims And Objectives: To study the surgical techniques of gastroduodenal perforation closure 2. To evaluate the use of falciform ligament as an alternative for omentum Methodology: total of 50 patients of perforation peritonitis who underwent surgical management in Department of general surgery, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during the period from march 2017 to august 2017, were included in this prospective study, and randomized into two........

Key words: omentum, falciformligament, gastroduodenal perforation closure

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Abstract: The purpose of this case report is to describe the management of a trauma-induced maxillary dentoalveolar fracture in a 7-year-old girl by a modified approach of splinting. The child presented with swelling of the right maxillary region, difficulty in chewing and closing the mouth. Complete palatal displacement of the fractured fragment involving the permanent central incisors was observed clinically and confirmed by radiolographic examination. The fracture was reduced and stabilized using a custom-fabricated, acrylic splint with modified direct wiring under local anesthesia.

[1]. Posnick JC. Craniomaxillofacial fractures in children. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1994;6:169-185.
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[3]. Haug RH, Foss J. Maxillofacial injuries in pediatric patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:126-134.
[4]. Posnick JC, Wells M, Pron GE. Pediatric facial fractures: Evaluating patterns of treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;51:836-844.
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Abstract: To study the Incidence of pyogenic group of organisms in nongonococcal urethritis cases with urine culture and sensitivity in 100 cases. The material for this study consisted 100 male patients of NGU. The incidence of pyogenic group of organisms in NGU patients constitutes 13% remaining 87 cases were negative. We have treated 13 positive pyogenic group organisms cases with as per their culture and sensitivity reports. The cure was assessed by the relief of symptoms and culture sensitivity negative. Hence it can be concluded that the incidence of pyogenic group organisms in the etiology of "Non-gonococcal urethritis cases was 13% in our study..

Keywords: Pyogenic group organisms, culture and sensitivity, NGU-PTs.

[1]. JANIER M.LASSAUF (1995), male urethritis with and without discharge a clinical and microbiological study. Sex Transmission 1995 Jul-August, 22 (4); 244-52.
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[5]. Dunlop E.M.C. Khalaf A1-Hussaini M, and Jones B.R.1964 Laboratory aspects of N.S.U B.J.V.D. vol.45P.274...

Abstract: Retinal vein occlusion remains the second most common cause of vision loss from retinal vascular disease, second to diabetic retinopathy. Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are categorized into branch (BRVO), hemiretinal (HRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) depending on the location of the occlusion. Vision loss from retinal vein occlusions is secondary to macular edema. Macular oedema (ME) occurs in a wide variety of pathological conditions and accounts for different degrees of vision loss. Early detection of ME is therefore critical for diagnosis and therapeutic management. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact, diagnostic method that uses infrared light, which allows the analysis of the retinal structure by means of high-resolution tomographic cross sections............

Keywords: CRVO, BRVO, Macular oedema(ME), Macular thickness, OCT

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[2]. Puliafito CA, Hee MR, Lin CP, et al Imaging of macular diseases with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology1995;102:217–29.

[3]. Hee MR, Izatt JA, Swanson EA, et al Optical coherence tomography of the human retina. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:325–328.

[4]. Abegg M, Tappeiner C, Wolf-Schnurrbusch U, Barthelmes D, Wolf S, Fleischhauer J (2008) Treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion induced macular edema with bevacizumab. BMC Ophthalmol 8:18.

[5]. Ahmadi AA, Chuo JY, Banashkevich A, Ma PE, Maberley DA (2009) The effects of intravitreal bevacizumab on patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Can J Ophthalmol 44:154-159..

Abstract: This is a hospital based prospective randomized study conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Objective:To observe labour patterns, effect of cervical effacement on length of labour ,influence of artificial rupture of membranes, syntocinon and type of dysfunctional labour and their management, to study the duration of labour and also the mode of delivery in relation to station of presenting part in primi and multi gravidae Conclusion:Partogram at one glance clarifies the events of labour, allows early recognition of prolonged labour, enables the obstetrician to identify at risk group of patients. Hence it guides us to interfere in time thereby decreasing the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Partogram, artificial rupture of membranes, syntocinon, dysfunctional labour, at risk groups, primi gravidae, multi gravidae

[1]. BASU, J., BUCHMANN, E. and BASU, D. (2009). Role of a second stage partogram in predicting the outcome of normal labour. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 49(2), pp.158-161.
[2]. Steen, M. and Roberts, T. (2011). The handbook of midwifery research. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
[3]. Lavender, T., Wallymahmed, A. and Walkinshaw, S. (1999). Managing Labor Using Partograms with Different Action Lines: A Prospective Study of Women's Views. Birth, 26(2), pp.89-96.
[4]. Nolte, A. and Geyer, N. (2008). The partograph and how to assess labour. Cape Town: Juta.
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Abstract: In INDIA diabetes is on rise. Diabetes is associated with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The number of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes is increasing. . Overall, type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 5% to 10% of all diabetes, and in pregnancy type 1 with type 2 account for 10% of diabetic pregnancies.of these 1%–4% Fulminant type 1 diabetes, classified as a subtype of nonautoimmune type 1 diabetes, may result in severe complications for both mother and fetus due to the sudden onset of diabetic ketoacidosisPregnancies affected by T1DM are at increased risk of maternal and fetal complications. Intensive glycemic control and preconception planning have been shown to decrease the rate of fetal demise and malformations seen in pregnancies complicated by T1DM .

Keywords: Insulin, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy, Diabetic ketoacidosis

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Abstract: The present study has been conducted to compare the springback characteristic of newer orthodontic wires. The experimental work has been carried out on profile projector in Department Of Industrial And Production Engineering Of Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute Of Technology And Science, Indore. Round archwires of 0.016 dimensions of 9 different alloys were studied. Ten specimens of each archwire alloys were used for evaluating springback property. Data observed had following findings CuNiTi posses maximum springback property. Esthetic wire (double phase wire) and NiTi also showed springback characteristic comparable to CuNiTi. Chinese and Esthetic wire (single phase) show comparable springback characteristics.TMA wire shows least springback......

Keywords :Archwires, springback property and tissues damage.

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[3]. Quintão C. C. A.; Brunharo, I. H. V. P Dental Press J. Orthod. 144 Maringá, v. 14, n. 6, p. 144-157, nov. /dez. 2009.
[4]. Maurício Tatsuei Sakima, Michel Dalstra, and Birte Melsen. How does temperature influence the properties of rectangular nickel–titanium wires?. Eur J Orthod. 2006; 28 (3): 282-291.
[5]. Gravina MA, Brunharo I.H.V.P, Canavarro C, Elias C.N., Quintão C.C.A Dental Press J Orthod 2013 Jul-Aug;18(4):35-42.

Abstract: Background: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a common clinical issue with potential underlying causes ranging from benign to malignant conditions, including endometrial cancer. Early identification and management are crucial for improving outcomes. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, associated medical conditions, and histopathological findings in women presenting with PMB in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This prospective......

Keywords :Postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial thickness, histopathology

[1]. Clark TJ, Barton PM, Coomarasamy A, Gupta JK, Khan KS. Gynaecological oncology: Investigating postmenopausal bleeding for endometrial cancer: cost‐effectiveness of initial diagnostic strategies. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2006 May;113(5):502-10.
[2]. Dijkhuizen FP. Diagnosis of Uterine Cavity Abnormalities: Studies on Test Performance and Clinical Value. 2000.
[3]. So PL, Sin WK, Lee HC, Yeung KA. Evaluation of Recurrent Postmenopausal Bleeding. Hong Kong Journal of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Midwifery. 2012;12(1).
[4]. Bachmann LM, Riet GT, Clark TJ, Gupta JK, Khan KS. Probability analysis for diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in postmenopausal bleeding: an approach for a rational diagnostic workup. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 Jan 1;82(6):564-9.
[5]. Breijer MC, Timmermans A, Van Doorn HC, Mol BW, Opmeer BC. Diagnostic strategies for postmenopausal bleeding. Obstetrics and gynecology international. 2010;2010(1):850812