iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: Airway dimension is closely related to maintenance of a proper breathing pattern. The aim of this study is to investigate how Forsus FRD affects upper airway dimensions. Pre-and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 20 patients who had been treated with Forsus FRD were used for this retrospective study. The mean age at the start of treatment was 16.2 +/- 3.8 years. Selected cephalometric variables at the beginning of the FRD phase (T1) and that following completion (T2) as well as the differences between the 2 values were recorded for each variable. The results indicated a palatal tipping of the maxillary incisors and a labial tipping of the mandibular incisors. The SPPS, MPS and IPS width..........

Keywords: Airway, Class II, Fixed functional appliance, Forsus

[1]. Marcus CL. Pathophysiology of childhood obstructive sleep apnea: current concepts. Respir Physiol. 2000;119: 143–154.
[2]. Katyal V, Pamula Y, Martin AJ, et al Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2013;43:20–30.
[3]. Carroll JL. Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children: new controversies, new directions. Clin Chest Med. 2003;24:261–282.
[4]. Tran KD, Nguyen CD, Weedon J, Goldstein Child behavior and quality of life in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:52–57
[5]. Bilgic¸ F, Hamamci O, Bas¸aran G. Comparison of the effects of fixed and removable functional appliances on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures. AustOrthod J. 2011;27: 110–116. 17..

Abstract: Laboratory Turn Around Time (TAT) is commonly defined as the time from when a test is ordered until the result is reported which includes pre-analytical, analytical, post analytical time. TAT is one of the most noticeable sign of laboratory services and is often used as a Key Performance Indicator. Timely reporting of laboratory tests results increases patient satisfaction and clinicians also depend on fast TAT to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of their patients and hence early patient discharge from the hospital. It has also been shown that out comes in certain situations such as...............

Keywords: Turn Around Time (TAT), Pre-Analytical, Analytical, Post Analytical, IPD (In-Patient Department), OPD (Out Patient Department)

[1]. Goswami B, Singh B, Chawla R etal. Turnaround time (TAT) as a benchmark of laboratory performance. Indian J ClinBiochem 2010; 25:376-379.
[2]. Vaneetkaur,KamaljitSingh,MinniVerma,Brinder Chopra. Monitoring of Turn around time in Biochemistry Laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Punjab. e-ISSN :2279-0853,p-ISSN:2279-0861.
[3]. Steindel SJ, Novis DA. Using outlier events to monitor test turnaround time. A college of American pathologist Q-probe study in 496 laboratories. Arch Pathol Lab med. 1999;123:607-14.
[4]. BiswajitDey,JyotsnaNareshBharti. Laboratory Turn aroundTime:ISSN 2249-9571.
[5]. Wankar AD. Study of determination of laboratory turnaround time in tertiary care hospital in India Int J Res Med Sci.2014 Nov;2(4):1396-1401. international journal of Research in Medical in medical sciences

Abstract: Mullerian Agenesis is a congenital malformation of female genital tract; it is either absence of vagina or absence of uterus or combination of both. It is a rare condition that occurs in females. There are different treatment modalities such as surgical, non-surgical method. Non-surgical method is providing a prosthetic vaginal dilator, where the prosthodontist play an important role. This article discuss about the steps followed in fabrication of a hollow prosthetic vaginal dilator.

Keywords: Hollow vaginal dilator, Mullerian Agenesis, functional impression.

[1]. Mullerian agenesis: diagnosis, management and treatment. Committee opinion, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist Number 562 may 2013.
[2]. PRasmi, TPadmanaban et al. prosthetic vaginal dilator- a case report. Journal of gynecology and obstetrics. 2010 volume 15 number1.
[3]. Charles sultan et al. Mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome: recent clinical and genetic findings. 29 June 2008.
[4]. Karinemorcel, Laure Camboriux et al. Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome. Orphaned journal of rare disease 2007. 2:13.
[5]. K Sangeetha, G Usha Rani et al. vaginal reconstruction in mullerian agenesis with user-friendly indigeneous prosthetic vaginal dilators. Journal of south asian federation of menopause societies, July- December2014; 2(2).75-78..

Abstract: Flare-ups can occur after root canal treatment and consist of an acute exacerbations of an asymptomatic pulpal and/or periradicular pathologic condition. The causative factors encompass mechanical, chemical, and/or microbial injury to the pulp or periradicular tissues. Of these factors, microorganisms are arguably the major causative agents of flare up. This review article discusses these many facets of the flare-up: definition, incidence causes, and predisposing factors along with the treatment.

Keywords: Acute exacerbation, causes, endodontic treatment, post operative pain

[1]. Udoye Christopher and Aguwa Emmanuel Flare-up incidence and related factors in adults Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene Vol. 2(2), pp.19-22, August 2010
[2]. Siqueira JF. Microbial causes of endodontic fl are - ups. Int Endod J 2003;36:453-63.
[3]. Walton R, Fouad A. Endodontic interappointment flare-ups: a prospective study of incidence and related factors. Journal of Endodontics 1992;18: 172-77.
[4]. Cohen S, Burns RC. Pathway of the pulp, Eighth Edition 2002:61-65.
[5]. Ehrmann EH, Messer HH, Adams GG (2003). The relationship of intracanal medicaments to postoperative pain in endodontics. Int. Endod. J. 36(12):868-875..

Abstract: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In India, 38% of the estimated 2.4 million people living with HIV are females. Approximately 49,000 of these women are pregnant. Keeping these facts in mind, the present study was conducted to assess the trend of detection of HIV infection amongst the pregnant women during ante natal care in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. The research was conducted using a qualitative study design. Qualitative methods were chosen in order to allow for an in-depth exploration of reported procedures for HIV testing and provision of Integrated Testing Counselling Center (ICTC). NACO Strategy was implemented for the diagnosis. A total of 4834 pregnant women were screened for HIV in the session..........

Keywords: Pregnant, NACO, ICTC, HIV-1

[1]. Sepkowitz KA (June 2001). "AIDS—the first 20 years". N. Engl. J. Med. 344 (23): 1764–72.

[2]. HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems | AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC). aidsetc.org. AIDS Education and Training Center Program. Retrieved 10 September 2017.

[3]. Ghosh, Maitrayee 2007 ICT and AIDS Literacy: A Challenge for Information Professionals in India. Electronic Library & Information Systems 41(2):134–147

[4]. Mandal S, Bhattacharya RN, Chakraborty M, Pal PP, Roy SG, Mukherjee G. Evaluation of the prevention of parent to child transmission program in a rural tertiary care hospital of west bengal, India. Indian J Community Med. 2010;35(4):491–494. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.74352.

[5]. Purnima Madhivanan, Karl Krupp, Vinay Kulkarni, Sanjeevani Kulkarni, Neha Vaidya, Reshma Shaheen,Sean Philpott, and Celia Fisher. HIV testing among pregnant women living with HIV in India: are private healthcare providers routinely violating women's human rights? BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2014; 14: 7.

Abstract: Reading skills have a very important impact on all school learning, and students who have difficulty in acquiring these skills find major difficulties in pursuing their studies. The association between anemia and neurocognitive and psychomotor development has been widely reported among school-age children, thus adversely affecting learning abilities and academic performance. One of the reading assessment tools is the software LABBEL which is a battery of tests for the cognitive evaluation of language. This study was conducted with 24 anemic pupils aged 9 to 16, in the region of the city of Chaouen in northern Morocco. In this study we found significant correlations at 0.05 level, between the complex word reading task and the visual lexical decision task with R=0.45, between the word........

Keywords: Anemia, Language Disorders, Reading, Speech therapy, North Morocco

[1]. D. Privat. Lecture et dyslexie développementale chez l'adulte francophone universitaire. Maîtrise : Université de Genève, 2009.
[2]. F. Awadah ,Caractérisation et rôle de l'empan visuo-attentionnel chez les lecteurs arabophones adultes et enfants (experts et dyslexiques développementales). Thèse de doctorat. Université de Grenoble, 2006.
[3]. N. Boukadida, Connaissances phonologiques et morphologiques dérivationnelles et apprentissage de la lecture en Arabe(Etude longitudinale). Thèse de doctorat. Université européenne de Bretagne. Université Rennes 2. Université de Tunis I Ecole doctorale – Humanité et Sciences de l'Homme Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales- Tunis,2008.
[4]. J. Ecalle , A. Magnan, & F. Ramus ,(2007). L'apprentissage de la lecture et ses troubles. In S. Ionescu& A. Blanchet (Eds.), Nouveau cours de psychologie. Psychologie du développement et de l'éducation (Vol. coordonné par J. Lautrey). Paris: PUF
[5]. M. El hioui , A. Ahami, , Y. Aboussaleh , S. Rusinek, K. Dik, A. Soualem, ( 2011).L'anémie et le développement neurocognitif chez les enfants scolaires de la région rurale de Kenitra (Maroc). Antropo, 24, 55-59. www.didac.ehu.es/antropo..

Abstract: The study directedto qualitatively analyze both early and late effect of Diode LASER activated bleaching on enamel surface of rabbit's teeth. Materials and Method: Fifteen male rabbits were divided into three groups; control and two experimental. LASER bleaching gel was applied upon the labial surfaces of rabbits` incisors then activated by Diode LASER940nm.Teeth extracted after 24hrsin groupI and after one month in groupII. Examination of groups performed by Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer.Results; both experimental groups expressed structural and chemical alteration of enamel surface. Conclusion: Laser activated bleaching can cause irreversible denaturation of protein matrix and disturbance of chemical profile on rabbits' surface enamel. There is evidence of enamel surface weakness after LASER bleaching.

Keywords: Diode LASER, Enamel, Bleaching, SEM.

[1]. Al-Karadaghi T, Al-Saedi A, Al-Maliky M and Mahmood A: The effect of bleaching gel and (940nm and 980nm) diode LASERs photoactivation on intrapulpal temperature and teeth whitening efficiency. Australian Endodontic Journal, 2016; 42(3): 112-8.
[2]. Anaraki S, Shahabi S, Chiniforush N, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Assadian H et al.: Evaluation of the effects of conventional versus LASER bleaching techniques on enamel micro-roughness. Laser Med. Sci., 2015; 30(3):1013-8.
[3]. Attia-Zouair, Adawy H and Khedr M:Early Effects of Light Enhanced Bleaching on Rabbit's TeethAl-Azhar Journal of Dental Science 2010 April; 13(2).
[4]. Berger S, Cavalli V, Ambrosano G and Giannini M: Changes in surface morphology and mineralization level of human enamel following in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide and light irradiation. Gen Dent,2010; 58(2):74-9.
[5]. Cesar I, Soares L, Alves L, Martin A, Munin E et al.; Fourier Transform-Raman and reflectance studies on dental enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide activated using a light- emitting diode-LASER system. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery,2009;27(6):913-9.

Abstract: The present work aims to observe the structural characteristics and cellular features of Junctional Epithelium (JE) subjected to light and heavy intrusive orthodontic forces. Materials And Methods: Twenty vital maxillary first premolars from orthodontic extraction cases were allocated in three groups. Control group: premolars were not subjected to any force. Group I: light intrusive force was applied. Group II: heavy intrusive force was applied. Extraction was done after 7 and 14of force application. Transmission electron microscope (TEM)was used to examine JE cells......

Keywords: Junctional Epithelium, TEM, tooth intrusion, orthodontic force.

[1]. Gurkeerat Singh, PuneetBatra:The orthodontic periodontal interface: A narrative review.Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization,2014, 6 (2): 77-85.
[2]. Dannan A.:An update on periodontic-orthodontic interrelationships.
[3]. J Indian SocPeriodontol 2010;14:66-71.
[4]. Angelina Gorbunkova, Giorgio Pagni, Anna Brizhak, GiampietroFarronato, and GiulioRasperini:Impact of Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Tissues: A Narrative Review of Multidisciplinary Literature. International Journal of Dentistry, 2016 (2016), Article ID 4723589, 9 pages.
[5]. Nabil M Al-Zubair:Orthodontic intrusion: A contemporary review. J Orthod Res 2014;2:118-24. Nikolai RJ.Response of dentition and periodontium to force.Bioengineering Analysis of Orthodontic Mechanics. Philadelphia: Lea and Febinger; 1985. p. 146-93..

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different irrigation techniques in the removal of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) from root canal walls.Root canal preparations was performed up to size #30 on 46 extracted single-rooted teeth using ProTaper Next rotary instruments. The root canals were filled with TAP medicament, and after 21 days, the roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation procedures used: syringe irrigation (SI), CanalBrush, EndoVac, and EndoActivator. In 3 teeth, TAP was not removed (positive controls), and another 3 teeth were not filled with TAP (negative controls). The roots were sectioned longitudinally, and the amount of remaining medicament at each root half (n = 20) was evaluated at x30 magnification..........

Keywords: CanalBrush, EndoActivator, EndoVac, Triple Antibiotic Paste.

[1]. Takahashi K. Microbiological, pathological, inflammatory, immunological and molecular biological aspects of periradicular disease. Int Endod J, 31, 1998, 311–325.
[2]. Tanomaru Filho M, Leonardo MR, da Silva LA. Effect of irrigating solution and calcium hydroxide root canal dressing on the repair of apical and periapical tissues of teeth with periapical lesion. J Endod, 28, 2002, 295–299.
[3]. Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, Walsh LJ. The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics. Aust Dent J, 52, 2007, 64–82.
[4]. Siqueira JF Jr, Magalhaes KM, Rocas IN. Bacterial reduction in infected root canals treated with 2.5% NaOCl as an irrigant and calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol paste as an intracanal dressing. J Endod, 33, 2007, 667–672.
[5]. Portenier I, Haapasalo H, Orstavik D, Yamauchi M, Haapasalo M. Inactivation of the antibacterial activity of iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine digluconate against Enterococcus faecalis by dentin, dentin matrix, type-I collagen, and heat- -killed microbial whole cells. J Endod, 28, 2002, 634–637...

Abstract: Blood culture remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream infections in infants and children and neonatal septicaemia. The cross sectional study was performed with 96 cases over a period of three months from 15th October to 14th December, 2017 in a tertiary care set up. Aerobic and anaerobic blood culture for clinically suspected cases was performed by automation (BACTEC). Blood volume and number samples were decided as per standard protocols. Blood culture bottles with positive growth indicated by automation were subcultures on Mac conkey's agar media, blood agar media and chocolate agar media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing.......

Keywords: blood culture, automation

[1]. Dien Bard J, McElvania TeKippe E. 2016. Diagnosis of bloodstream infections in children. J Clin Microbiol 54:1418–1424.
[2]. Szymczak EG, Barr JT, Durbin WA, Goldmann DA. Evaluation of blood culture procedures in a pediatric hospital. J Clin Microbiol 1979;9:88–92.
[3]. Greenhow TL, Hung YY, Herz AM Changing epidemiology of bacteremia in infants aged 1 week to 3 months. Pediatrics. 2012; 129: e590–e596.10.1542/peds.2011-1546.
[4]. Bateman SL, Seed PC. Procession to pediatric bacteremia and sepsis: covert operations and failures in diplomacy. Pediatrics. 2010; 126:137–150.10.1542/peds.2009-3169.
[5]. Isaacman DJ, Karasic RB, Reynolds EA, Kost SI. Effect of number of blood cultures and volume of blood on detection of bacteremia in children. J Pediatr. 1996; 128:190–195

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) is a disease causing limitation of airflow due to inflammation of airways with parenchymal destruction and subsequent emphysema formation.uric acid, the purine degradation product is elevated inconditions associated with hypoxia.This study evaluates serum uric acid levels correlation withdisease severity of COPD.The outcome of our study shows 68% subjects had high serum uric acidlevels,52% of patients had FEV1 in the range of severe disease, 48% subjects had mMRC grade 3.High serum uric acid levels portends a poor prognosis and also predicts worsening of the stage of the disease from the initial presentation and necessitates early intervention,treatmentand rehabilitationto reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease to achieve a good quality of life.

Keywords: acute exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mortality,uric acid

[1]. ManninoDM,ThornD,HoulguinF.Prevalence and outcome in diabetes,hypertension and cardio vascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.EurResp j 2008;32;962-269
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[4]. Rathmann W, Haastert B, Icks A. et al. Ten-year change in serum uric acid and itsrelation to changes in other metabolic risk factors in young black and white adults:The cardia study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22:439-445
[5]. Bartziokas K, Papaioannou AI, Loukides S, et al. Serum uric acid as apredictor of mortality and future exacerbations of COPD. EurRespirJ2014; 43:43–53

Abstract: Background: Co morbid medical conditions with psychiatric disorders are very common. Increased mortality, treatment resistance, poor quality of life are the consequences of these co morbidities. Aim: The study was designed to assess prevalence and nature of co morbid medical conditions in psychiatric inpatients being referred to other medical spacialties. Methods: 102 patients of all age groups admitted in Psychiatry department of Assam Medical College and being referred to various medical specialties were selected for the study. Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to ICD -10 .The prevalence and nature of the co morbid medical conditions were assessed according to the diagnosis of respective consultants to where the subjects were referred.......

Keywords:medical co morbidity, psychiatric illness

[1]. Koranyi EK. Physical health and illness in psychiatric outpatient population. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1972;17 (Suppl 2): SS 102
[2]. Felker B, Normand SL , Weiss RD, et al. Medical morbidity, mental illness and substances use disorders. Psychiatric Serv 2002; 53; 861-8679
[3]. Koran LM,Sox HC, Marton KI, et al,Medical evaluation of psychiatric patients. I. Results in a state mental health system. Arch Gen PSYCHIATRY 1989; 46; 733-740
[4]. Jones DR, Macias C, Barreira PJ,et al. Prevalence, severituand co-occurance of chronic physical health problems of person with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv2004;55:1250-1257
[5]. Koranyi EK. Morbidity and rate of undiagnosed physical illness in a psychiatric clinic population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36: 414 – 419 Serv2004;55:1250-1257.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to remove the collagen layer left back after acid conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite and subsequent bonding onto partially demineralised dentine thereby producing more durable adhesion to the hydroxyapatite component of dentine substrate. Twenty recently extracted premolar teeth were divided into 2 groups of 10 teeth each. The enamel on the occlusal surface of teeth was ground to expose dentine and the surface was made flat. The teeth were prepared so that only the crowns remained and embedded in self cure acrylic resin. Each of the prepared 20 teeth were individually embedded in rectangular blocks of self cure acrylic resin. In one group Single bond (3 M) adhesive was used to bond the composite specimen after acid conditioning of the dentinal surface and in the other group acid conditioning was followed by Sodium hypochlorite treatment of the dentinal surface.......

Keywords: single bond, hybrid layer, hypochlorite, shear bond strength

[1]. Edward J. Swift, Jorge Perdiago, 1995. "A brief history and state of the art in enamel and dentine bonding". Quintessence International; Vol -26; No:2.
[2]. Vargas .MLA, D.S Lobb, S.B Armstrong, 1997. "Resin dentin shear bond strength and interfacial ultra structure with and without hybrid layer". Operative dentistry; July / Aug, Vol 22, No:4 Pg:159.
[3]. Vinutha M, Manjunath M K. Invitro evaluation of the effect of sodium hypochlorite on shear bond strength of dentin bonding agent on demineralised and demineralised dentin. J Conserv Dent 2007;10:64-73
[4]. Prati C, Chersoni S, Pashley DH. Effect of removal of surface collagen fibrils on resin dentin bonding. Dent Mater 1999;15: 323-31.
[5]. Inai. K. Kanemura and Tagani J, 1998. "Adhesion between collagen depleted dentin and adhesive". American Journal of Dentistry; June; 11(3) 123- 71.

Abstract: Background: Unsafe abortions are a major health hazard for women in the reproductive age group. 6 percent of maternal deaths in India are related to abortions. Medical method of abortion is a safe and effective method in India as per National Health Mission guidelines on comprehensive abortion care.The present study aims to study the acceptability, efficacy and safety of this method. Aim of the study: To study the acceptability, efficacy and complications of medical method of abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol in the first trimester less than 63 days of gestation. Material and methods: It is a prospective, observational study of 228 women seeking abortion during the period from October 2016 to September 2017. A single dose of mifepristone.......

Keywords: medical abortion, mifepristone, misoprostol, MTP Act.

[1]. UK Multicentre Trial.The efficacy and tolerance of mifepristone and prostaglandin in the first trimester of pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 97: 480-6
[2]. Facts on induced abortion world wide.New York: The Guttmacher Institute: 2007.
[3]. Gamble SB, Strauss LT, Parker WY, Cook DA, Zane SB, Hamadan S. Abortion Surveillance- United States, 2005. MMWR Surveillance, 2008;56:SS-13.
[4]. Herrmann W, Wyss R, Riondel A, et al. Effet d' un steroide anti progesterone chez la femme: interruption du cycle menstruel et de la grosesse an debut. CR Acad Sci Paris.1982;294: 933-938.
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Abstract: Introduction-Chemical substances with antiseptic, disinfectant, and/or preservative activity have been defined as biocides. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a biguanide compound, widely used in a clinical practice as a skin and mucous membrane antiseptic and disinfectant. However, bacterial resistance to CHX has been detected but there is a lack of simple method for routine testing of CHX susceptibility. Increasing frequency of hospital infection leads to overuse and pressure of biocides, similarly to antibiotics. The linkage between bacterial resistance and the use of biocides has been suggested. Objective- Detection of decreased CHX susceptibility of clinical isolates from different wards in association with drug resistance pattern of these isolates......

Keywords: chlorhexidine, resistance, decreased susceptibility, antibiotic resistance, biocides

[1]. European Union Biocidal Products Regulation. EU Biocides Regulation 528/2012.Health and Safety Executive.Biocides. Brussels, Belgium: EU; 2012.
[2]. McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:147–179.
[3]. Russell AD. Biocide usage and antibiotic resistance: the relevance of laboratory findings to clinical and environmental situations. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:794–803.
[4]. Denton, G. W. 1991. Chlorhexidine, p. 274–289. In S. S. Block (ed.), Disinfection, sterilization and preservation, 4thed. Leaand Febiger,Philadelphia, Pa.
[5]. Davies, G. E., J. Francis, A. R. Martin, F. L. Rose, and G. Swain. 1954. 1:6-Di 4-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane ("Hibitane"). Laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency. Br. J. Pharmacol. 9:192-196.

Abstract: Introduction: The emergence of colistin or tigecycline resistance as well as imipenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii poses a great therapeutic challenge. Increasing reports of polymyxin heteroresistance have suggested that rapid resistance to polymyxins can develop upon treatment with polymyxin B monotherapy, especially upon exposure to subtherapeutic polymyxin concentrations. To circumvent this phenomenon, experts have advocated that polymyxins should be used in combination with one or more antibiotics for the treatment of carbapenem resistant isolates. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the in vitro activity of different combinations of polymyxin B, rifampicin, meropenem and tigecycline against selected clinical isolates of A. baumannii . Materials & Methods: Twelve representative......

Keywords: Synergy Testing, Time-Kill Methods, MIC, Acinetobacter baumannii, polymyxin B, Heteroresistance

[1]. Dijkshoorn, L., Nemec, A. & Seifert, H. (2007). An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. Nat Rev Microbiol 5, 939–951.
[2]. Munoz-Price, L. S. & Weinstein, R. A. (2008). Acinetobacter Infection. N Engl J Med 358, 1271–1281
[3]. Li, J., Rayner, C. R., Nation, R. L., Owen, R. J., Spelman, D., Tan, K. E. & Liolios, L. (2006a). Heteroresistance To Colistin In Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50, 2946– 2950.
[4]. Park, Y. K., Jung, S. I., Park, K. H., Cheong, H. S., Peck, K. R., Song, J. H. & Ko, K. S. (2009a). Independent Emergence Of Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter Spp. Isolates From Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 64, 43–51.
[5]. Doi, Y., Husain, S., Potoski, B. A., Mccurry, K. R. & Paterson, D. L. (2009). Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii. Emerg Infect Dis 15, 980–982

Abstract: Introduction: Infection of the prosthesis remains one of the most devastating complications of arthroplasty surgery. Identification of the likely cause of early-onset PJI is particularly important given that these infections are more frequently treated with a debridement procedure where the implant is not removed. Aim and objectives: To identify the microbiological aetiology of prosthetic joint infections and to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in order to propose the treatment guidelines of PJI based on the duration of onset of symptoms. Material and methods: Synovial fluid collected preoperatively, periprosthetic tissue and the removed prosthesis were processed following......

Keywords: Prosthetic joint infection, biofiilms, microbial flora, treatment guidelines for PJI

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[4]. Pulido L, Ghanem E, Joshi A, Purtill JJ, Parvizi J. 2008. Periprosthetic joint infection: the incidence, timing, and predisposing factors. Clin.Orthop. Relat. Res. 466:1710–1715.
[5]. Namba RS, Inacio MC, Paxton EW. 2012. Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in 30,491 primary total hip replacements. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 94:1330–1338.

Abstract: Introduction: CLSI recommends that until laboratories can implement the revised carbapenem MIC interpretive criteria, the Carba NP test (or an alternative confirmatory test for carbapenemases) should be performed when isolates of Enterobacteriaceae are suspicious for carbapenemase production based on imipenem or meropenem MICs of 2–4 μg/mL or ertapenem MIC of 2 μg/mL. CLSI recommends that for isolates that are Carba NP positive, report all carbapenems as resistant, regardless of MIC. If the Carba NP test is negative, interpret the carbapenem MICs using CLSI interpretive criteria as listed in Table 2A in M100-S20 (January 2010).......

[1]. Nordmann P, Poirel L, Dortet L. Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(9):1503-1507.
[2]. Virginia M. Pierce, Patricia J. Simner, David R. Lonsway, Darcie E. Roe-Carpenter, J. Kristie ohnson, William B. Brasso,et al. Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production among Enterobacteriaceae. J. Clin. Microbiol. August 2017 vol. 55 no. 8 2321-2333
[3]. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 26th ed. CLSI supplement M100S. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
[4]. Fernando Pasteran, Nathalie Tijet, Roberto G. Melano, Alejandra Corso. Simplified Protocol for Carba NP Test for EnhancedDetection of Carbapenemase Producers Directly from Bacterial Cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. December 2015 vol. 53 no. 12 3908-11.
[5]. Pasteran F, Veliz O, Ceriana P, Lucero C, Rapoport M, Albornoz E, Gomez S, Corso A. Evaluation of the Blue-Carba test for rapid detection of carbapenemases in gram-negative bacilli. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Jun;53(6):1996-8.

Abstract: The common Health Care Associated Infection (HCAI) as per CDC updated 2007 is UTI (32%) followed by postoperative wound infections (22%), Nosocomial pneumonia (15%) and Nosocomial septicaemia (14%). Keeping these facts in mind, the present study aimed at the assessment of the surgical site infection in a tertiary care set up in eastern India. The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary care set up of Kolkata from January to December, 2016. The total number of elective and emergency surgeries done during the one-year period was 402 which included 373 elective (major) and rest, emergency cases. Twenty two cases were clinically suspected to be postoperative wound infection were studied as per standard microbiology guidelines. The commonest microorganism.......

Keywords: SSI, MRSA, ESBL, Carbapenemase, Amp C beta lactamase

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Abstract: Postoperative pain control is an important aspect of perioperative care. The aim of our studywas to compare the efficacy of preincision and postincision wound infiltration with ropivacaine in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in patients undergoing elective laparotomy. Hundred patients of ASA I and IIscheduled for elective laparotomy were divided into two groups A and B.Group A received 0.25-0.5ml/kgwt of 0.25% of ropivacaine 15 minutes before giving incision and group B received same drug and dose at the wound site after completion of surgery.VAS scores and analgesic requirement for 24hours was recorded in both the groups......

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