iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to comprehensively study and evaluate the common etiological factors, types of clinical presentations and ultrasonography findings in Cholelithiasis, various reasons for diversion in the treatment (other than laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the gold standard), and to study the postoperative complications (if any) and incidence of various types of gallstones.Patients and methods: This hospital based prospective study includes100 consecutive casesdiagnosed with cholelithiasis admitted in Siddhartha Medical College and General Hospital between October 2015 to October 2017. Results: Increased incidence of cholelithiasis in the 5th and 6th decade. Female to male ratio is 3:2. Diabetes was noted as a risk factor in 44% of patients. 96 patients were reported as having chronic cholecystitis, 4 patients had acute cholecystitis and no evidence of rupture or.............

Keywords: Cholelithiasis, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Open cholecystectomy, Postoperative complications

[1]. Rakesh Tendon., ―Diseases of gallbladder and biliary tract – API Text ofMedicine‖, Dr. Siddharth N Shah, 7 th edition 2003, pp.642-644.
[2]. Laura M. Stinton, Eldon A. Shaffer., ―Epidemiology of Gallbladderdisease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer‖, Gut and Liver, Apl 2012 volume 6,pp. 172-187.
[3]. Norton J. Greenberger, Gustav Paumgartner., ―Harrison's Principles ofInternal Medicine‖, Kasper, Braunwald, Mc graw hill Pub., 19th edition2015, pp. 2075-2082.
[4]. Gabriel E. Njeze., ―Gallstones‖, Nigerian Journal of Surgery, Jul-Dec 2013 volume 19, pp. 49–55.
[5]. Herman R E., ―Biliary disease in the aging patients‖, New York Masson,1983, pp. 227-232..

Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B is a major health problem in India. Estimates indicate that annually over 100,000 Indians die due to illnesses related to HBV infection. HBV is reported to be responsible for 70% of chronic hepatitis cases and 80% of cirrhosis of liver cases. Aims and Objectives Present study is aimed to know the prevalence of HBV among the blood donors in greater Gwalior region. Materials & Methods Present study was carried out at Blood Bank, Gajra Raja Medical College Gwalior. A total of 79162 blood units collected from Voluntary and Replacement......

Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, Blood Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections

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[3]. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. World Health Organization Fact Sheet No. 204 (Updated July 2015). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/
[4]. Puri P. Tackling the Hepatitis B Disease Burden in India. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 2014;4(4):312–319.

[5]. Rao MB. The prevalence of hepatitis B in India and its prevention with yurveda- a revisit. Journal of New Approaches to Medicine and Health. 2012; 19(4):22–5.

Abstract: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgical procedure performed for the relief of nasolacrimal duct obstruction(NLDO) of either anatomical or functional cause.External DCR has been the surgery of choice for a very long time. With the advent of nasal endoscope, endonasal endoscopic DCR has came into existence and is becoming preferable over external DCR. Although both procedures have comparable success rate,endoscopicDCR is helpful in avoiding external scar on the face and injury to the neighbouring structures which are encountered in external DCR.There also occurs preservation of lacrimal pump,direct visualization of the rhinostomysite,improvedhaemostasis from mucosal surface and ability to address any relevant nasal pathology.Various studies have shown the success rate of endoscopic DCR at around 90%,also having short durationofsurgical procedure and is asafe alternative to the external procedure. Endonasaldacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).......

[1]. Önerci M. Dacryocystorhinostomy; Diagnosis and treatment of nasolacrimalcanalobstructions.Rhinology. 2002;40(2):49–65.
[2]. Wormald PJ, A. A. F. P. S. Angelo Tsirbas FRACO. Powered endoscopicdacryocystorhinostomy.The Lacrimal System. Springer New York;2006. 223–235.
[3]. Anijeet D, Dolan L, Macewen CJ. Endonasal versus externaldacryocystorhinostomy for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. CochraneDatabaseSyst Rev. 2011;1:CD007097.
[4]. WormaldPJ.Poweredendonasaldacryocystorhinostomy.Laryngoscope. 2002;112:69–71.
[5]. Welham RA, Wulc AE. Management of unsuccessful lacrimal surgery. Br JOphthalmol. 1987;71:152–7..

Abstract: Introduction: Acute Encephalitic syndrome(AES) is a major public health problem worldwide.Japanese encephalitis(JE) is one of the leading causes of acute encephalopathy affecting children. Aims&Objectives:1/To find out the correlation of demographic profile&clinical features with the outcome of AES patients(recovery with or without sequelae or death) 2/To study the outcome and common etiological agents of AES Materials & Methods: Patients admitted in the Paediatrics Department of AMCH with diagnosis of AES in 1 year were enrolled at admission.Informed consent was taken from the guardians.Ethical committee clearance was taken. Demographic profile,clinical features& outcome was observed in these patients.Analysis was done by SPSS.16........

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[4]. Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT. Japanese encephalitis. J NeurolNeurosurgPsychiat 2000; 68: 405-415. Luo D, Song J, Ying H, Yao R, Wang Z. Prognostic factors of early sequelae and fatal outcome of Japanese encephalitis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995 Dec;26(4):694-8
[5]. Khinchi YR, Kumar A, Yadav S. Study of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in children. J College of Med Sci-Nepal 2010; 6: 7-13.

Abstract: Radialhead is an important stabilizer of the elbow joint. Radialhead fractures are most common fractures of elbow joint. We intended to follow up the functional outcome of newly designed pre - contoured plates and herbet screws in the treatment of radialhead fractures Materials And Methods: We prospectively reviewed 24 cases of radialhead fractures operated in our institute, out of which 8 cases are type 4 radialhead fractures associated with elbow dislocation that was reduced in emergency room and immobilized with above elbow slab followed by definitive treatment by precontoured plates and 0.8 mm k-wires,6 cases are type3 radialhead fractures treated with precontoured plate fixation. 10 cases are type2 radialhead fractures treated with herbet screw fixation. All the patients were under periodic follow up for every 6 weeks till 1 year........

[1]. Clinical results after different operative treatment methods of radialhead and neck fractures.A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcome J..Zwingmann *, M. Welzel, D. Dovi-Akue, H. Schmal, N.P. Su¨ dkamp, P.C. Strohm
[2]. Duckworth AD, Clement ND, Jenkins PJ, Aitken SA, Court-BrownCM, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of radialhead and neckfractures. J Hand Surg 2012;37A:112–119
[3]. A comparative study of internal fixation and prosthesisreplacement for radialhead fractures of Mason type IIIHong-Jiang Ruan & Cun-Yi Fan &Jun-Jian Liu & Bing-fang Zeng,International Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2009) 33:249–253
[4]. Open reduction and internal fixation ofcomminuted fractures of the radialhead usinglow-profile mini-platesM. Ikeda, Y. Yamashina, M. Kamimoto, Y. Oka,J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2003;85-B:1040-4.
[5]. Ikeda M, Sugiyama K, Kang C. Comminuted fractures of radialhead: comparision of resection and internal fixation. J Bone Joint

Abstract: Introduction: In the modern cyber era, people often communicate through social media. Other than building and keeping mere relationship, different population group started to reap social media for special purposes. Students of different disciplines seen to use social media proficiently. Medical students are also no exception in this matter. Objectives: The current study was planned to understand the extent of use of social media by medical students especially for study purpose; benefits and harm of social media as per perception of the participants under study. Methodology: It is a descriptive, cross sectional study conducted at Medical College, Kolkata in 2017. All student of seventh semester were taken for study. A pre-designed and pre-tested data collection form was used and data analysed in excel worksheet in computer.........

Keywords: Social media, role, under-graduate medical students, Kolkata.

[1]. Thalluri J, Penman J "Social Media for Learning and Teaching Undergraduate Sciences: Good Practice Guidelines from Intervention" The Electronic Journal of e-Learning Volume 13 Issue 6 2015, (pp455-465) available online at www.ejel.org
[2]. Joanna Gutmann, FelizianKühbeck, Pascal O et al. Use of Learning Media by Undergraduate Medical Students in Pharmacology: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0122624 April 7, 2015.
[3]. Andrea Bickerdike, ConallO‟Deasmhunaigh, SiunO‟Flynn. Learning strategies, study habits and social networking activity of undergraduate medical students. International Journal of Medical Education. 2016;7:230-236.
[4]. Anam Ali. Medical students‟ use of Facebook for educational purposes. Perspect Med Educ (2016) 5:163–169.
[5]. Unpublished thesis dissertation of Tara Heffner. The effects of social media use in undergraduate Students. Rowan University. heffnert0@students.rowan.edu

Abstract: Background/ Introduction: The mandibular foramen is present on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus . It leads into the mandibular canal which contains the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. It is an important landmark for inferior alveolar local anaesthetic block injection prior to dental surgeries on lower jaw. Inaccurate localization of mandibular foramen may lead to failure and injury to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the precise position of the mandibular foramen from various anatomical landmarks. Methods and Materials: 50 dry adult mandibles........

Keywords: Mandibular foramen, Inferior alveolar nerve , local anaesthesia, neurovascular block , dental surgeries

[1]. Beale TJ, Robinson PD. Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa and temperomandibular joint. In: Stranding S,Borley NR, Healy JC, Collins P, Johnson D, Crossman AR, et al eds. Gray's Anatomy: The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th ed. UK: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone 2016. 534-555.
[2]. Apostolos N. Elaides, Kalliopi H.Manta, Anastasios T. Tsirlis. Neurovascular content of the mandibular canal and its clinical relevance: A literature review of the Related Anatomical and Radiological studies. Balk J Dent Med, 2014; 18: 124-132.
[3]. Hesham Khalil. A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques. Anaes Essays Res, 2014; 8(1): 3-8.
[4]. Hetzon G, Share J, Frommer J, Kronman JH. Statistical evaluation of the position of the mandibular foramen. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol, 1988; 65(1): 4-32.
[5]. Qudesia Sultana, Shariff M.H, Ramakrishnan Avadhani. Study of surgical landmarks of mandibular foramen for inferior alveolar nerve block: An osteological study. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology.2016; 3(1): 37-40...

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis ismulti-factorial inflammatory disease that involves destruction of tissues that support teeth, including alveolar bone,which may cause tooth loss. The salivary parameters can be used for the contribute in the diagnosis of periodontal disease, several studies have focused on a possible relationship between the level of inorganic ions in oral fluid and periodontal disease. The objective of this investigation was to estimate the concentrations of the Cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg) and Lead(Pb) in saliva of periodontal disease patients then compare the results with the concentrations of these elements in control group. Materials and methods: this study include 40 saliva samples for both groups(chronic periodontitis patients and healthy control).All the three salivary elements (Cadmium, Magnesium and lead) were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using standardized procedure by air – acetylene........

Keywords: salivary elements, Chronic Periodontitis, Magnesium and lead

[1]. Acharya A, Kharadi MD, Dhavale R, Deshmukh VL, Sontakke AN. High salivary calcium level associated with periodontal disease in Indian subjects–a pilot study. Oral Health Prev Dent,2011; 9:195–200.
[2]. Arora M, Weuve J, Schwartz J, Wright RO. Association of Environmental Cadmium Exposure with Periodontal Disease in U.S. Adults. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009;117(5):739-744.

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[5]. Dye BA, Hirsch R, Brody DJ. The relationship between blood lead levels and periodontal bone loss in the United States, 1988-1994. Environmental health perspectives, 2002 Oct;110(10):997.

Abstract: Introduction: Successful root canal therapy requires an in-depth knowledge of root canal morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate root canal morphology in mandibular first premolars in an Indian subpopulation using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods: Four hundred extracted mandibular first premolars were selected for the study, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CBCT acquisition of each specimen was done and the root canal morphology was reconstructed three-dimensionally with a semiautomatic threshold-based segmentation approach. The root canal morphology of the mandibular first premolars was classified according to Vertucci's classification. The level of root canal bifurcation, if present, was also noted. Results: The mandibular first.......

Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; mandibular first premolar; root canal morphology

[1]. Cantatore G, Berutti E, Castellucci A. Missed anatomy: frequency and clinical impact. Endod Top [Internet]. 2006;15:3–31.
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[5]. Lu T, Yang S, Pai S. Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolar in a Chinese Population Using the Cross Section Method. 2006;32:932–6...

Abstract: To study whether the newborn are having vitamin D deficiency or not , whether their vitamin d level is related to morbidity of newborn or not and their correlation with mother. Methods: This study included 350 sick infants admitted in level III NICU of medical college during the period from February 2015 to January 2016. Blood for neonatal (within 72hrs of admission) and maternal vitamin D levels were obtained from all infants and their mothers at the post partum period at the time of hospital admission. Vitamin D assessment was done by Chemo-immunoassay method. History taking, clinical examination and other investigations needed for diagnosis of Respiratory distress, Birth asphyxia, neonatal seizure, neonatal encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, prematurity, neonatal sepsis, hyper bilirubinemia, coagulation.....

[1]. Cetinkaya M et al. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis in term infants. Journal of Perinatology 2015; 35: 39–45.
[2]. Nitin Srinivasan, Jayasree Chandramathi, Aswin S. Prabhu, Sasidharan Ponthen kandath.Vitamin D deficiency and morbidity among preterm infants in a developing country. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2017 Mar;4(2):499-502.
[3]. Teresa Kulie, MD, Amy Groff, DO, Jackie Redmer, MD, MPH, Jennie Hounshell, MD, and Sarina Schrager, MD, MS. Vitamin D: An Evidence-Based Review.J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:698 –706.
[4]. Abdel-Azeem M. El- Mazary, Mohamed Abdel-Maaboud, Mo`men MM*, Khaled A. Nasef.Vitamin D supplementation and the risk of infections in fullterm infants: Correlations with the maternal serum vitamin D.Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;10(2):87-94.
[5]. Severe vitamin D deficiency extra problematic for newborns, according to new case reports.August 23,2013 by vitamine D counsil.

Abstract: Aims & Observations: To study clinical characteristics, presentation, surgical approaches, resectability and surgical out come of intra venticular tumors Materials & Methods: Patients age ranging between minimum of 1 Year to maximum of 43 yrs. Most of them presented with raised ICP (15), Seizers (8), Visual disturbances (6). CT& MRI are the main diagnostic modalities, Surgical approach and resection was based on location of tumor. In our study in 13 patients tumors are located in lateral ventricles and another 13 patients in 4th ventricle and n 12 patients in 3rd ventricle........ .

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Abstract: Objective:The purpose of thisin vitro study centred on assessing the shear bond strength (SBS) of four pulp-capping biomaterials, namely two resin-modified glass-ionomer/Photac Fil/Fuji II LC, calcium-hydroxide/Urbical LC, and mineral trioxide aggregate/ProRootto resin composite/Filtek Z250 XT and Photac Fil, with and without surface treatment. Methods: Forty-eightspecimens from each restorative material were prepared for each pulp capping biomaterials. Each group was divided into four individual subgroups of 12, with each one in line with the restorative material (Filtek Z250 XT and Photac......

Keywords: Bond-Strength, Pulp Capping Biomaterials, Resin Composite, Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer

[1]. Oskoee SS, Bahari M, Kimyai S, Motahhari P, Eghbal MJ, Asgary S. Shear bond strength of calcium enriched mixture cement and mineral trioxide aggregate to composite resin with two different adhesive systems. J Dent (Tehran) 2014; 11:665-671.

[2]. Altunsoy M, Tanrıver M, Ok E, Kucukyilmaz E. Shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable composite and a flowable base composite to mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium-enriched mixture cement, and Biodentine. J Endod 2015;41:1691-1695.

[3]. Meraji N, Camilleri J.Bonding over dentin replacement materials.J Endod 2017;43:1343-1349.
[4]. Negm A, Hassanien E, Abu-Seida A, Nagy M. Physical evaluation of a new pulp capping material developed from portland cement. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:278-283.
[5]. Cantekin K, Avci S. Evaluation of shear bond strength of two resin-based composites and glass-ionomer cement to pure tricalcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine®). J Appl Oral Sci 2014;22:302-306..

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BATHE interview technique on clinical data and patient satisfaction of obese patients. Methods: Patients applied Erzincan Tercan State Hospital Family Physician Obesity outpatient clinic between November 1, 2014 and October 31, 2015 were included to study. Patients who met study inclusion criteria, were selected among the files of obese patients. Between November 1, 2014 and April 31, 2015, 33 patients who were admitted to outpatient clinic due to obesity complied with the participation criteria in 52 patients were accepted as the first group. The 29 second group patients, who met study inclusion criteria in 46 patients, were evaluated by BATHE interview technique between 1 May 2015 and 31 October 2015. Patients who were followed up in the first 6 months were also followed up in the obesity outpatient clinic after May 2015 and continued to follow by using BATHE interview technique..........

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Abstract: Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of a video and a PowerPoint presentation educational intervention about infant oral health care on the knowledge and learning of female dental students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four students from five levels of dental school (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and completed by students immediately before and after the educational intervention, which was in the form of a video and a Power Pointpresentationon oral health care of infants. The 14-item multiple-choice questionnaire was based on information presented in the educational intervention to measure short-term recall of knowledge. The presentation educated students about infant oral health care, the first dental visit, correct position of examining the infant and anticipatory guidance............

Keywords: Infant Oral Health, Pediatric Oral Health, Dental Students, Dental Education, Preventive Dentistry

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[2]. Al-Meedani LA, Al-Dlaigan YH. Prevalence of dental caries and associated social risk factors among preschool children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:452-456.

[3]. Alshehri A. Social and Behavioral Determinants of Early Childhood Caries in the Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Pediatr Dent Care 2016; 1:114.
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Abstract: Several mosquito species are capable of invading new geographic regions and exploiting niches that are similar to their natural home ranges where they may introduce, or reintroduce, pathogens. In addition to initial invasion, introduction of new genotypes into established populations may also occur. Zika virus is spreading throughout the world, posing significant health risk to human populations, particularly pregnant women and their infants. India currently has active dengue and chikungunya virus circulating in the mosquito and human populations. The Biotems tiger model and ArcGIS were used to analyze abiotic and biotic factors influencing potentially Zika infected Aedes species, should they enter through the sea port in Mangalore, India. The model has been validated by overlaying documented and suspected concurrent Zika cases and comparing published high risk areas for Zika virus........

Keywords: Aedes, arbovirus, invasive species, port security, biological agents, India

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[2]. Meyerson L & Mooney H. Invasive Alien Species in an Era of Globalization. Frontiers Ecol Env 2007;5:199-208.
[3]. Hills S, Russell K, Hennessey M, Williams C, Oster A, Fischer M, Mead P. Transmission of Zika Virus Through Sexual Contact with Travelers to Areas of Ongoing Transmission-Continental United States. MMWR Weekly 2016;65:215-16.
[4]. Shepard DS, Halasa YA, Tyagi BK, Adhish SV, Nandan D, Karthiga KS, Chellaswamy V, et al. and the INCLEN Study Group. Economic and Disease Burden of Dengue Illness in India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014;91:1235-42.

[5]. Ryan Transportation. Freight container shipping from Tramandai, Brazil to new Mangalore, India. http://www.seafreightcalculator.com/133/20ft-container-tramandai- brazil-to-new-mangalore-india-port-to-port-shipping-sea-freight 2017.

Abstract: Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is one of the potential confined fascial planes of head and neck that may be involved by various pathological processes. Parapharyngeal tumours are groups of rare tumours in a relatively complex anatomical area and account for 0.5% of head and neck tumors. Proper surgical management of tumour is based on preoperative symptoms, clinical signs and radiological investigations. The aim of the study is to describe our experience with parapharyngeal space tumours resected via stylohyoid windowing approach. In present study 5 cases of parapharyngeal tumours are operated by trans-cervical approach via stylohyoid windowing.

Keywords: parapharyngeal space tumor, stylohyoid window, trans-cervical

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