iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) is the most common bone tumour which the orthopaedic surgeon deals with. It is slow growing locally malignant tumour but for some reasons its detection is quite late therefore; it is often diagnosedonly in intermediate grade or Grade-III. Patient presents with mild pain near the metaphysis with little diffuse swelling often deceives the clinicians specially the GP's and practitioner of the rural areas. This results in bigger cavities often breaking the cortex or eating upon the joint cartilage. This possesses the great difficulty in treatment. Problem of filling the large cavities and dilemma of treating the increased inci-dence of recurrence of such cases, the present paper, the author has applied different methods for filling of the cavities and has observed the outcome............

Keywords: Giant Cell Tumour, Bone Defect, Filling Materials, Recurrence

[1]. Cooper AP, Travers B. Surgical essays, vol. I. London : Cot and Son and Longman & Co; 1818.
[2]. Virchow R. Die Krankhaften Geschwulste, vol.2. Berlin: Hirschwald; 1846
[3]. Nelaton E. D'une nouvelle espece de tumeur benigne des os ou tumeur a myeloplaxes . Paris; Adrien Delahaye; 1860.
[4]. Bloodgood JC. A conservative treatment of giant cell sarcoma with the study of bone transplantation. Ann Surg 1912;56:210-39
[5]. Jaffe HL, Lichtenstein L, Portis RB. Giant cell tumor of bone. Its pathological appearance, grading, supposed variants and treat-ment. Arch Pathol 1940;30:993-1031..

Abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Sacrococcygealneuroblastomas are reported to be rare. We report a case of a poorly-differentiated neuroblastoma case, detected in a 4-month-old male who presented with retention of urine and totally resected by surgery. Biopsy revealed features consistent with neuroblastoma.MRI pelvis showed large well defined mass in presacral region displacing rectum and bladder anteriorly with indistinct fat planes.

Keywords: Neuroblastoma, Sacrococcygealneuroblastomas,TumorIn Infants

[1]. Brodeur, G.M., Maris, J.M., 2006. Neuroblastoma In: Pizzo, P.A., Poplack, D.G. eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology 5th ed. Philedelphia: Lippincott-Roven. 233-970.
[2]. Cruccetti, A., Kiely, E.M., Spitz, L., Drake D.P., Pritchard, J., Pierro, A., 2000. Pelvic neuroblastoma: Low mortality and high morbility. J. Pediatr. Surg. 35, 724-728.
[3]. D'Alessio, A., Piro, E., Beretta, F., Abati, L., Brugnoni, M., Assi, A., Luksch, R., 2006.Presacral cystic neuroblastoma: Case Report and review of the literature. J. Pediat. Hematol.Onc. 28, 534-536.
[4]. Knoedler, C.J., Kay, R., Knoedler, J.P. Sr., Wiig, T.H., 1989. Pelvic neuroblastoma. J. Urol. 141, 905-907.
[5]. Massad, M., Slim, M.S., Mansour, A., Dabbous, I., Firzli, S., Issa, P., 1986. Neuroblastoma: Report on a 21-year experience. J. Pediatr. Surg. 2, 388-391.

Abstract: Background & Objective: India, according to Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR,) the annual incidence rates (AARs) for colon cancer and rectal cancer in men are 4.4 and 4.1 per 100000, respectively. The AAR for colon cancer in women is 3.9 per 100000. Some studies have shown that the incidence of CRC is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and diabetesmellitus. However, studies on the association between CRC anddyslipidemia and insulin resistance produced conflicting results. Patients and Methods: The case-control study was conducted including total 190 subjects. A total of 95 colorectal cancer patients in which 54 (56.8%) males and 41(43.1%) females newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma, under the age.........

Keywords: Cancer, Colorectal, Dyslipidemia, Insulin, Insulin Resistance

[1]. GLOBOCAN 2008 (http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/colorectal.asp) (2008).
[2]. NCRP (2013) Three-year report of the population based cancer registries- 2009-2011. National cancer registry programme, Indian council of medical research (ICMR), Bangalore, India, 2013.
[3]. Zafar SY, Abernethy AP, Abbott DH, et al. Comorbidity, age, race and stage at diagnosis in colorectal cancer: a retrospective, parallel analysis of two health systems. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:345.
[4]. Lieberman DA, Prindiville S, Weiss DG, Willett W; VA Cooperative Study Group 380. Risk factors for advanced colonic neoplasia and hyperplastic polyps in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA. 2003;290:2959–67.
[5]. Kim MC, Kim CS, Jeong TH. The effect of physical activity on colorectal polyps. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 2005;26:391–6..

Abstract: Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major cause of acquired heart disease in children and adults in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has been described as the major hotspot for acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. However reported echocardiographic features are limited to a few countries in this region. We report the prevalence and pattern of valve involvement in RHD using echocardiography from our centre. Methods: The register of the echocardiography unit of the Benue State University Teaching hospital form May 2013 to April 2017 served as basis for data collection in this retrospective study. Transthoracic echocardiography data were reviewed and patients with a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease selected. Information obtained from..........

keywords: Rheumatic heart disease, echocardiography, Makurdi

[1]. Marijon E, Mirabel M, Celemajer DS, Jouven X. Rheumatic heart disease. Lancet 2012; 379 : 953 – 964.
[2]. Mayosi BM, Robertson K, Volmink J. The Drakensberg Declaration on the control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Africa. S Afr Med Journal. 2005; 96: 246.
[3]. Carapetis JR. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. The current evidence for the burden of group A streptococcal diseases. pp. 1 – 57.
[4]. Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. The global burden of group A streptococcal disease, Lancet Inf. Dis. 2005; 5: 685 – 694.
[5]. Mackay J, Mensah GA. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. Geneva: WHO; 2004. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. pp. 20 – 21..

Abstract: Assisted reproductive technologies are now widely used in the treatment of infertility. Popular ones are the IUI, IVF, GIFT and ICSI. Most of the studies have shown the increased incidence of developmental disorders in babies born as a result of these techniques (IVF and ICSI ). The percentage of children born after IVF will continue to increase due to demographic changes such as increasing maternal age and new developments in assisted reproduction techniques. IVF conceptions may carry an increased risk for all malformations and for certain types of defect, such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and neural tube defects. But few studies have asked whether this increased risk is a result of the reproductive technologies used — which involve hormone treatments and potentially..............

Keywords: IVF, Assisted RT, Infertility.

[1]. ICMART. Presentation of preliminary data for 2004. Human Reproduction Rules. 24th Annual Meeting of the ESHRE. Barcelona, Spain, 2008. Meeting report, ESHRE, Beigem, Belgium 2008.
[2]. Bonduelle M, Wennerholm UB, Loft A, Tarlatzis BC, Peters C, Henriet S, Mau C, Victorin-Cederquist A, Van Steirteghem A, Balaska A, Emberson JR, Sutcliffe AG.( 2005). ― A multi-centre cohort study of the physical health of 5-year-old children conceived after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro fertilization and natural conception.‖Hum Reprod.20(2):413-9.
[3]. Anthony S1, Buitendijk SE, Dorrepaal CA, Lindner K, Braat DD, den Ouden AL.( 2002). ―Congenital malformations in 4224 children conceived after IVF.‖ Hum Reprod.17(8):2089-95.
[4]. Hansen, M.; Kurinczuk, J. J.; Milne, E.; De Klerk, N.; Bower, C. (2013). "Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Human Reproduction Update 19 (4): 330.
[5]. Bonduelle M, Liebaers I, Deketelaere V, Derde MP, Camus M, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem A. Neonatal data on a cohort of 2889 infants born after ICSI (1991–1999) and of 2995 infants born after IVF (1983–1999). Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 671–694

Abstract: Background: Hysterectomy is the commonest major operation performed by gynaecologist through various approaches and techniques including vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomy. Vaginal hysterectomy offers lesser complications during intra and post-operative period in comparison to abdominal hysterectomy. Vaginal route for non descent uterus is acceptable method of hysterectomy in selected cases and with the help of debulking technique it becomes easier in large size uterus also. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore safety and efficacy of non-descent vaginal hysterectomy in comparison to abdominal hysterectomy........

Keywords: Hysterectomy, Non-descent vaginal hysterectomy, Total abdominal hysterectomy

[1] Jain PG, Singhal S, Pandey P, Bhargava M. Abdominal hysterectomy versus non-descent vaginal hysterectomy- A comparative clinico-pathological study. Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 2017;4(1):59-65
[2] Chavhan RP, Arora G, Pajai S. Comparative study between vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy in non-descent cases. Int J Sci Rep. 2016;2(3):48-52.
[3] Mehta ST, Trivedi YN, Bhalodia P. Role of non-descent vaginal hysterectomy in advancing gynaecological practice. NHL Journal of Medical Sciences. 2014;3(1):55-58.
[4] Kovac SR. Decision-directed hysterectomy: a possible approach to improve medical and economic outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000;71:159-69.
[5] Unger JB. Vaginal hysterectomy for the woman with moderately enlarged uterus weighing 200 to 700 grams. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1999;180:1337-44...

Abstract: Introduction: Ultrasonography (USG) has been established as an essential imaging modality in diagnosing scrotal pathology. This study aimed at assessing the utility of evaluating scrotal diseases with high frequency ultrasonography and color Doppler sonography. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Dr. R.P.G.M.C. Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh from July 2016 till June 2017. This study was carried on all consecutive patients referred for scrotal gray scale ultrasonography and/or colour Doppler ultrasonography with scrotal pain or swelling of any duration. The patients underwent gray-scale and colour............

Keywords: scrotal, pathology, diagnosis, ultrasound, Doppler, management

[1]. Schmitz D, Safranek S. Clinical inquiries. How useful is a physical exam in diagnosing testicular torsion? J FamPract 2009; 58:433
[2]. Liguori G, Bucci S, Zordani A, et al. Role of US in acute scrotal pain. World J Urol 2011; 29:639.
[3]. Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003;227(1):18-36.
[4]. Horstman WG, Middleton WD, Melson GL, Siegel BA. Color Doppler US of the scrotum. Radiographics 1991;11:941-957.
[5]. Huyghe E, Plante P, Thonneau PF: Testicular cancer variations in time and space in Europe. EurUrol 2007; 51: 621–628.

Abstract: Background: Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine are alpha 2 adrenergic agonists when used intrathecally with local anesthetics, they are known to potentiate the action of local anesthetics as well as have analgesic properties.we use both the drugs in thoracic epidural anaesthesia with Levobupivacaine. Aim: To find better adjuvant in regional anesthesia comparing efficacy and clinical profile of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine with special emphasis on the following parameters 1. Hemodynamic stability and sedative property 2. Onset and duration of sensory and motor block 3. Ability to provide smooth intraoperative and post operative analgesia........

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Clonidine, Levobupivacaine, thoracic epidural anaesthesia, open cholecystectomy..

[1]. Singelyn F, Capdevila X. Regional anaesthesia for orthopedic surgery. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 2001; 14: 733-40.
[2]. Klein S, Evans H, Nielsen K et al. Peripheral nerve block techniques for ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 101: 1663-76.
[3]. Robaux S, Blunt C, Viel E, Cuvillon P, Nouguier P, Dautel G, et al.Tramadol added to 1.5% mepivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block improves postoperative analgesia dose-dependently. Anesth Analg 2004;98:1172-7.
[4]. Antonucci S. Adiuvants in the axillary brachial plexus blockade. Comparison between clonidine, sufentanil and tramadol. Minerva Anestesiol 2001;67:23-7.
[5]. Geze S, Ulusoy H, Ertürk E, Cekic B, Arduc C. Comparison of local anesthetic mixtures with tramadol or fentanyl for axillary plexus block in orthopaedic upper extremity surgery. Eur J Gen Med 2012;9:118-23.

Abstract: Aim of study:To study the efficacy and complications of Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) in heavy menstrual bleeding. The study was a prospective study conducted at Government general Hospital Vijayawada. Material &Methods : Study design :- Prospective study .The study was conducted in Government general Hospital Vijayawada .Patients recruited for study were selected from the O.P patients .Total 35 patients were recruited for the present study . Study period is from November 2016 to November 2017 .Eligible women were below 45 years with at least one child ,and chief complaint for all women being heavy menstrual bleeding with pictorial menstrual blood loss assessment chart score of above 100.All patients had initial screening with blood tests ,ultrasound............

Keywords: LNG IUS, Heavy menstrual bleeding , PBAC scores.

[1]. Monteiro I , Bahamondes L, Diaz J , Perrotti M . Petta C .Therapeutic use of Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in women with menorrhagia: a pilot study (1).contraception 2002 : 65(5):325-8
[2]. Stewart A, Cummins C , Gold L , Jordan R , Phillips W. The effectiveness of the mirena coil (Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine system) in menorrhagia : a West Midlands Development and Evaluation Service report .http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/documents/college-mds/haps/projects/WMHTAC/REP reports/1999/menorrhagia. pdf.published December1999.Accessed January 21,2015
[3]. Wheeler II TL Murphy M.Rogers RG Gala R, Washing ton B, Bradley L et al Clinical practice guideline for abnormal uterine bleeding : hysterectomy versus alternative therapy. J.minim Invasive Gynecol 2012 ;19(1):81-8.
[4]. Nelson AL Levonorgestrel intrauterine system : a first –line medical treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding .Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2010:6(3) :347-56.
[5]. Hurskainen R Teperi J ,Rissanen P,Aalto A, German S, Kivela A ,et al . Clinical outcomes and costs with the Levonorgestrel –releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia ;randomized trial 5 year follow up .JAMA 2004;291 (12) :1456 -63...

Abstract: Scientific reports suggesting a link between hypertension and hyperuricemia are considerable. However, little is known whether drugs that had proven to be effective in reducing uric acid will also efficative to overcome hypertension? To answer the question a clinical trial using allopurinol has been employed on the hypertensive patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. A total of 40 patients that fulfilled inclusion criteria, were separated by double-blind randomization into two groups, the allopurinol and placebo. The allopurinol-treated patients included 9 males and 11 females, while placebo consist of 10 males and 10 females. To each patient of both groups were given one capsule containing 100 mg of allopurinol for allopurinol group or non-active substance for placebo group for a month.......

Keywords: Allopurinol, hypertension, hyperuricemia, endothelin-1, endothelial dysfunction

[1]. Hadi H.A.R., Carr C.S. and Al Suwaidi J. Endothelial Dysfunction: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Therapy, and Outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005 Sep; 1(3): 183–198.
[2]. Böhm F and Pernow J. 2007. The importance of endothelin-1 for vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Research 76 (2007) 8–18.
[3]. Dhaun N, Goddard J, Kohan D.E., Pollock D.M., Schiffrin E.L. and Webb D.J.. Role of Endothelin-1 in Clinical Hypertension 20 Years On. Hypertension, 2008;52:452-459. [4]. Dhaun N., Melville V., Blackwell S., Talwar D.K., Johnston N.R., Goddard J. and Webb D.J. Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism Modifies Cardiovascular Risk Factors in CKD. JASN, 2013; 24(1): 31-36
[5]. Jain S.K., Yadava R.K., Raikar R. Role of Endothelins in Health and Disease. JIACM 2002; 3(1): 59-64..

Abstract: This study compares endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of paediatric patients with obstructive hydrocephalus Material&Methods: Eighty five pediatric patients with obstructive hydrocephalus were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (47 patients) operated by ETV with and group B (38 patients) operated by VPS with a mean follow-up of 9 months. Results: Both procedures proved to be effective clinically and radiologically. In group A, spontaneous closure of stoma was the most common complication,intraoperative bleeding occurred in two cases (4.25%) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in two case (4.25%),.........

[1]. Thomas H.Milhorat: Hydrocephalus, Pathophysiology and clinical features, neurosurgery, editor, Robert H.
[2]. Wilkins, Setti S. Rengachory, 1996:3625-31.
[3]. Rubin RC, Hoch Wald G, Liwnicz B, et al, The effect of severe hydrocephalus on size and number of brain cells. Devmed child neural. 1992;27:117-20.
[4]. Milhorat TH, Hammock MK, Chandra RS. The sub arachnoid space in congenital hydrocephalus. Part 2: Microscopic finding. J. Neurosurgery 1991;35:35:7-15.
[5]. Troncale, F.J., Barry, K.G., Shear, L., and Shields, C.E., isosorbide: diuretic effect in humans following oral administration, Am. J. Med. Sci.1999;257:188...

Abstract: Background: Seizure disorder is the most common neurological problem in children. Acute seizures are a common cause of pediatric admission to hospitals. Objective:This study aimed to determine the role of Serum Prolactin level in different type of Seizures and Seizure like activity in children, and correlate with the post-ictal duration. Many patients being treated as epileptics are not actually so. Moreover the coexistence of pseudoseizure with epilepsy is high.There is no single exposure ,biochemical marker to differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the........

Keywords: Prolactin, Seizures, Pseudoseizures

[1]. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2016-20th edition.
[2]. King DW, Gallagher BB, Murvin AJ, Smith DB, Marcus DJ, Hartlage LC, et al. Pseudoseizures: Diagnostic evaluation. Neurology . 1982 3.Escueta A, Bascal F, Treiman D. Complex partial seizures on closed circuit television and EEG. Ann Neurol. 1982;292-300. Trimble MR. Serum prolactin in epilepsy and hysteria.Br Med J 1978;1682. Aninoff M.J (1992):Electrodiagnosis in clinical neurology: 3rd edition. 1984;107:569-578.
[3]. Jeavons PM. The practical management of Epilepsy.1975;1:11-14. Pritchard PB, Wannamaker BB, Sagel J, Daniel CM, Serum Prolactin and Cortisol levels in evaluation of Complex Partial Seizure. Ann Neurol 1983; 14; 27-32.
[4]. Shah AK, Shein N, Fuerest R. Serum prolactin level . Epilepsia 2001; 42(110):1472.
[5]. Libman MD, Potvin L, Coupal L, Seizure vs.syncope: J Gen Intern Med 1991; 6(5): 408-12.

Abstract: The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart and blood vessels. The objective of our study was to evaluate Monitoring and Follow-up of Type 2 Diabetes patients using ICMR guidelines as standard in PSG Hospitals, Karadivavi. It is a retrospective study based on the information available for Type 2 Diabetic patients. Information on management and follow up for a period of one year, 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014 was collected and analyzed. Nearly 40% of the patients belong to 61-70 yrs age group, next is 51-60 yrs age group (26%). Clinical examination including Blood pressure measurement was done to all the patients during every visit. Monitoring of Lipids, blood urea, Serum creatinine, ECG and........

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Indian Council of Medical Research, Patient Management

[1]. API-ICP Guidelines on Diabetes 2007. http://www.japi.org/july2007/IDGM.pdf(accessed on 28.05.2014)
[2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Vipin gupta .South Asia network for chronic disease, New Delhi http://sancd.org/uploads/pdf/factsheet_diabetes.pdf (accessed on 29.05.2014)
[3]. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes 2014. American Diabetes Association. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_1/S14.full.pdf+html (accessed on 28.05.2014)
[4]. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015:a patient-centred approach. Update to a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes https://www.easd.org/sites/default/files/PositionStatement_ADA-EASD.pdf(accessed on 14.12.2017)
[5]. Global Guideline for Type2 diabetes. International Diabetes Federation 2012. Clinical Guidelines Task Force.

Abstract: Report of unusual presentation of two root canals in all mandibular anterior in a single patient. Summary - The dental pulp presents with a variety of configurations and shapes throughout the dentition. Varying number of the root canals in different teeth, their anatomy and interconnections have been studied and reported. This case report describes two root canals in all mandibular anterior teeth in single individual, In which the successful endodontic treatment has done in mandibular lower left anterior teeth. Radiographic examination revealed multiple canals in all mandibular central, lateral incisors and canine having two canals in all of them. Endodontic intervention resulted in successful..........

[1]. Cohen's Pathways of the pulp, 11th ed.by Kenneth M Hargreaves, Louis H Berman Mosby Year Book Inc.; 2016. p. 130.
[2]. Deepak D Kakde et al Mandibular incisors with two canals in a patient: A rare caseJIMD 2016;(3): 164-167
[3]. Carrotte P. Endodontics: part 4.
Morphology of the root canal system. BrDent J 2004; 197: 379-83
[4]. Saraswathi FK, Toran S, Kumar P.
[5]. Supplemental Rudimentary Tuberculates with Unusual Morphology: A Case Report. Int J Dent Clinics 2010; 2: 42

Abstract: One of the fundamental aims of root canal treatment is to clean the root canals as thoroughly as possible to eliminate debris and microorganisms and achieve perfect obturation without leakage. However, after preparation of the root canals, an amorphous, irregular layer is formed on the root canal walls smear layer.Presence of smear layer prevents penetration of intracanal medicaments & complete adaptation of obturation materials to the prepared root canal surfaces. Various organic acids, EDTA, ultrasonic instruments have been used to remove the smear layer. Presently a new irrigating solution (chloroquick) containing a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (buffer) and hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid (HEDP) is used in instrumented root canals for removal of smear layer.

[1]. Hata G, Hayami S, Weine FS, Toda T. Effectiveness of oxidative potential water as a root canal irrigant. Int Endod.2004;34:308-17.
[2]. Hata G, Uemura M, Weine FS, Toda T. Removal of smear layer in the root canal using oxidative potential water. J Endod. 1996;22:643-5.
[3]. Prabhu SG, Rahim N, Bhat KS, Mathew J. Comparison of removal of endodontic smear layer using NaOCl, EDTA, and different concentrations of maleic acid- A SEM study. Endodontology. 2003;15:20- 25.
[4]. Perez F, Rouqueyrol-Pourcel N. Effect of a low-concentration EDTA solution on root canal walls: a scanning electron microscopic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral PatholEndod. 2005;99:383-7.
[5]. Tay FR, Hosoya Y, Loushine RJ, Pashley DH, Norman Weller R, Low DCY. Ultrastructure of intraradicular dentin after irrigation with BioPure MTAD.II The consequence of obturation with an epoxy resin-based sealer. J Endod. 2006;32:473-7.

Abstract: Background: Newborn care is of immense importance for the proper development and healthy life of a baby. The first 28 days of life is known as the newborn or neonatal period. It is the most complicated period in the life. Objective: To find out the home based newborn care practices and assess the practices during home delivery. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Palpa district on a sample of 150 lactating mothers who have delivered within the past 6 months. Results: It was observed that most of the respondents (80.0%) had not any types of health problems during pregnancy. More than three quarter (88.0%) deliveries took place in institution and 12.0 per cent at home. Around half of respondents (56.7%) bathed the baby after 24 hour of birth, followed by around one third (38.0%) within 1-24 hours of birth and 5.3 per cent bathed within..........

Keywords: Newborn, care, practice, breastfeeding, pre-term birth and low birth weight

[1]. Bala N, Phaneendra R, Acharya D, Yadav S, Bhat V. (2008) Newborn care: traditional practices in Nepal student BMJ volume 15
[2]. Barnett S, Azad K, Barua S, Mridha M, Abrar M, Rego A, Khan A, Flatman D, Costello A. (2006) Maternal and Newborn-care Practices during Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Postnatal Period: A Comparison in Three Rural Districts in Bangladesh.BMJ Health PopulNutr. 24(4):394-402
[3]. Chaudhary J, Dhungana GP and Ghimire H. (2013)factors affecting newborn care practices among Tharu mothers in selected village development committees of Chitwan district. Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013, 3(3): 42-45, www.jcmc.cmc.edu.np [4]. Concern Worldwide- Nepal. (2008) Nutrition Survey Report jajarkot district, Nepal Sustainable Development Initiative Network-Nepal [5]. Dahal Ramesh Kumar (2013)Determinants of Immediate Essential Newborn Care Practice in Eastern Rural NepalLifescienceglobalVol 2, No 3 (2013).

Abstract: Enterococci are one of the common causes of Nosocomial urinary tract infection (UTI)Worldwide . Objective of this cross sectional study was to identify different species of Enterococci causing nosocomial urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated strains to set up an Empericial therapy for reduction of morbidity& mortality. Standard microbiological procedure and related automation were followed to perform the study. Out of total 369 urine samples from selected patients, 37 were culture positive (almost 10%). Out of 37 culture positive cases, Enterococci were isolated in 11 cases (29.7%). Enterococcus faecalis & Enterococcus faecium were found in five and four cases respectively. Two Enterococcus gallinarum strain was also isolated........

Keywords: Enterococcus, UTI, automation.

[1]. Washington W, StephenA, Willium J, Elmir K, Gary W, Paul S, Gail. Gram positive Cocci Part II: Streptococci, Enterococci and the Streptococcus-like Bacteria in Koneman's color Atlas and text book of diagnostic Microbiology 6th ed. Lippincolt, William & Wilkins, London, 2006; 674-675.
[2]. Hierarchial classification of clinically significant bacteria in Bergy's Manual of SystemicBacteriology,2nd edition in Koneman's color Atlas and text book of diagnostic Microbiology 6th ed. Lippincott, William & Wilkins,London,2006;174.
[3]. Felmingham D, Wilson PR, Quintana AI, Gruneberg RN, Enterococcus species in urinary tract infection. Clin Infect Dis 1992:15:295-305.
[4]. Ruoff KL, de la MZ L, Murtaugh MJ, et al. Species identification of Enterococci from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:435-437.. [5]. Washington W, Stephen A, Willium J, Elmir K, Gary W, Paul S,Gail. Gram positive Cocci Part II: Streptococci, Enterococci and the Streptococcus-like Bacteria in Koneman's color Atlas and text book of diagnostic Microbiology 6th ed. Lippincott, William & Wilkins, London, 2006; 700-701

Abstract: In skeletal Class III cases, it may be difficult to achieve an excellent occlusal outcome only with orthodontic treatment and to maintain a stable posttreatment occlusion.There are three main treatment options for skeletal Class III malocclusion: growth modification, dentoalveolar compensation, and orthognathic surgery. Growth modification should be initiated before the pubertal growth spurt; afterwards, only two options are possible.12 Thus, treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in an adult requires orthognathic surgery combined with conventional orthodontic treatment aiming to improve self-esteem and achieve normal occlusion and improvement of facial esthetics.There is little doubt that to achieve excellent treatment results in adult patient with multiple skeletal and dental problems require multidisciplinary approach. Orthodontist plays key role in coordinating orthodontic treatment with other treatment performed by specialist.

Keywords: Class III malocclusion, Facial Aesthetics, Mandibular Prognathism, Orthognathic Surgery

[1]. Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. and Sarver, D.M. (2007) Contemporary orthodontics. Mosby, St. Louis.
[2]. Angle, E.H. (1899) Classification of malocclusion. Den- tal Cosmos, 41, 248-264.
[3]. Hardy D, Cubas Y and Orellana, M. Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. O J Epi 2012:2:75-82.
[4]. Lew, K.K., Foong, W.C. and Loh, E. Malocclusion prevalence in an ethnic Chinese population. Aus Dent J 1993:38:442-449.
[5]. Tang, E.L. Occlusal features of Chinese adults in Hong Kong. AusOrthod J 1994:13:159-163..

Abstract: Canagliflozin, is a first-in-class,oral hypoglycemic drug to be approved by US FDA, that acts through inhibition of sodium glucose co- transporters in the renal tubules, resulting in glucosuria. Clinical trials with canagliflozin have shown that it causes consistent dose-dependent reduction in HbA1c. The drug has a risk of causing genito-urinary infections& amputations in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. This article summarizes the current knowledge regardingcanagliflozin and its future perspectives in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: canagliflozin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, type 2 diabetes mellitus, amputations, infections

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 8th edition. InternationalDiabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium(2017).
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Abstract: The aesthetic demands of the patients has resulted in an increased use of dental ceramics and has generated enhanced research in this field, leading to tremendous changes in the composition and processing techniques of dental ceramics in the past three decades. Improvements in strength, clinical performance, and longevity have made all ceramic restorations more popular and predictable. Also, technology has been able to provide solutions to many of the routine hassles in dental practice. This review aims to provide an update on some of the recent advances in the production of all ceramic restorations. PubMed (with subject headings), Wikipedia and Google Scholar searched using the following terms "Dental Ceramics", and "Computer-Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)". This was supplemented by hand-searching in peer-reviewed journals and cross-referenced with.........

Keywords: Ceramic Crowns, Computer-Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)

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