iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: Migraine and epilepsy are common neurological disorder originating from cerebral cortex. Searching for the association between these two diseases can give clue about possible common etiology and also emphasize the search for the other condition in patient with migraine or epilepsy. Aim: To find out the association between migraine and epilepsy. Method: This was a case control study conducted in the department of neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from july 2012 to june 2014. Sample size was 100, consisting 50 patients with epilepsy as case and 50 age and sex matched attendants of patients without epilepsy as control. The proportion of migraineurs (both migraine with aura and migraine without aura) were detected in both case and control group. Data was collected through predesigned questionnaire............

Keywords: Epilepsy, Migraine, Migraineurs

[1]. Sridharan R: Epidemiology of epilepsy. Current Science .2002; 82(6):664-670.
[2]. Moinuddin A.K.M, Rahman M.M, Akhter S and Kawser C.A: Predictors of childhood intractable epilepsy – A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health .2009; 33(1): 6-15.
[3]. Ravishankar K: Migraine – the new understanding. Journal of the association of physicians of India .2010; 24:30-33.
[4]. Lipton RB, Ottman R, Ehrenberg BI, Hauser WA: Comorbidity of migraine – the connection between migraine and epilepsy. Neurology .1994; 44:28-32.
[5]. Verrotti A, Striano P, Belcastro V, Matricardi S, Villa M P and Parisi P: Migralepsy and related conditions : Advances in pathophysiology and classification. Seizure .2011; 20: 271-275.

Abstract: This paper is to determine the relationship between clinical diagnosis, oxygen saturation value and duration and blood gas analysis with outcomes of acute heart failure patients and know the suitability of oxygen saturation value using a pulseoximeter compared with oxygen value from blood gas analysis examination. An observational analytic study of 41 research samples at the Saiful Anwar Hospital GII, Indonesia,was carried out to analyze the relationship between clinical diagnosis, oxygen saturation value and duration and blood gas analysis with outcomes of acute heart failure patients. The research showed a significant association (p <0.05) between clinical diagnosis, oxygen saturation value..........

Keywords: heart failure, clinical diagnosis, duration, oxygen saturation, blood gas analysis

[1]. Bozeman WP, Myers RA, Barish RA 1997, ‗Confirmation of the pulse oximeter gap in carbon monoxide poisoning', Ann Emerg Med 30: 608.
[2]. Bui AL, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC 2010, ‗Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure', Nat Rev Cardiology 201, pp. 8 - 30
[3]. Lee WW, Mayberry K, Crapo R, Jensen RL 2000, The accuracy of pulse oximeter in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med pp.18-427
[4]. Ross PA, Newth CJ, Khemani RG 2014, ‗Accuracy of pulse oximeter in children. Pediatrics 133:22
[5]. Wilson BJ, Cowan HJ, Lord JA, Zuege DJ, Zygun DA 2010, The accuracy of pulse oximeter in emergency department patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Emerg Med 10- 91..

Abstract: Objective: Acne vulgaris is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit commonly affecting the adolescents. Infection with Propionibacterium acnes, a gram positive bacterium is one of the causative factors of acne. Hence antibiotics both systemic and topical are used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Recent studies have shown the gradual worldwide increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant P.acnes strains. Nadifloxacin is a newer flouroquinolone with anti propionibacterium acnes activity and also anti inflammatory activity. This randomized, controlled, single blinded study was done to compare the efficacy and safety of nadifloxacin 1% gel against clindamycin 1% cream in mild to moderate cases of acne vulgaris.............

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, clindamycin, nadifloxacin, topical treatment, randomized study

[1]. Andrea L, Zaenglein Emmy M, Graber, & Diane M. Thiboutot. Acne vulgaris and Acneiform Eruptions. Fitzpatrick 8th edition: vol 1.chapter 13: page no-897-917.
[2]. Cunliffe WJ, Gould DJ. Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults. Br Med J 1979;1:1109-10.
[3]. M.A. Tukane, S.S.Vaishampayan. Acne Rosaceae, and Perioral Dematitis. IADVL textbook and atlas of dermatology- 3rd edition volume 1: chapter 27, pg 837-863.
[4]. Martin Schaller, Gerd Plewig. Adnexal diseases. Bolognia 2ndedition.chapter 37;pg 495.
[5]. A.M Layton.Disorders of the Sebaceous glands. Rook‟s textbook of Dermatology, 3rd edition: volume 2 (42.17).

Abstract: The study of utilization of operating theatre (OT) Time has always been a priority for hospital administrators. The present study was conducted in Osmania General Hospital (OGH), Hyderabad a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of 3 months from October 2016 to December 2016. Average utilization of OT complexes in OGH was 85% which was found to be optimum. The study helps us to know the existing work load as well as improving the patient care and the utilization of the facilities of OT's as the activities carried out in OT complexes can make or break the reputation of the hospital.

Keywords: Operation theatres, Operating Time, Utilization

[1]. Donham RT, Mazzel WJ, Jones RC proceeded times glossary, AM Anaesthesia 1996:23(Suppl):5.
[2]. Analysis of operating theatre utilization to drive efficiency and productivity improvements Thorburn H, Khanna S', Boyle J' good N'steyn M.
[3]. Analysis of operating theatre with Mohinder Reddy 1, SuchitraMalhotra2, Vishal Singh 3, Karan Bhatia 4.
[4]. Professor, Department of Surgery, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala in Haryana, India.
[5]. Associate professor, Department of Anaesthesia, SHKM GMC, Mewat in Haryana, India.

Abstract: Background: Hyperbilirubinemia , one of the commonest complaints of neonatal life, is toxic to the auditory pathways . Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), which assess Brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP), is a non-invasive and objective way of evaluating functional integrity of auditory pathway . Aims :The study was done to observe changes of BAEP parameters in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemic infants and to analyze relation between damage of auditory pathway as indicated by BAEP changes with the level of bilirubin. Methods :This cross sectional study was done in Eastern region of India. One hundred eight neonatal hyperbilirubinaemic infants and thirty normal infants were included .The cases were divided into two subgroups according to level of bilirubin in neonatal period -Group 1(15-20mg/dl); Group 2( >20mg/dl) .Statistical analysis was done by Student t test.......

Keywords: BAEP, Neonatal Hyperbilirubinaemia, Bilirubin level, Neurotoxicity

[1]. de Steuben C. Breast-feeding and jaundice: a review. Journal of nurse-midwifery. 1992; 37(2): S59-S66.
[2]. Gubernick JA, Rosenberg HK, Ilaslan H, Kessler A. US Approach to Jaundice in Infants and Children 1. Radiographics 2000; 20(1):173-95.
[3]. Barbara J, stoll and Robert M, Kilegman RM. Digestive System (newborn). In: Bherman RE, Kilegman RM, Jenson HB, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 17th ed. USA: Saunders; 2004. 592-608
[4]. Shapiro SM , Nakamura H. Bilirubin and the auditory system. Journal of Perinatology. 2001;21(1);S52-S55.
[5]. Basu J, Harrison J, Chappell J et al. Year 2007 position statement:principles and guideline for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics 2007;120(4): 898-921..

Abstract: Background: Post-operative complication may occur after explorative laparotomy whether elective or emergency. This study was aimed to evaluate the cause in which laparotomy has been done, the frequency of different types of surgical complications after laparotomy and the effect of different management regime and their efficacyatGuru Nanak Dev Hospital, Govt. Medical College Amritsar. Methods: This study was carried out in the department of general surgery in Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Govt. Medical College Amritsar. 100 Patients undergoing explorative laparotomies for different indication over a period of last 3 years included in this study...........

Keywords: Burst abdomen, Partial wound dehiscence, incisional hernia

[1]. Natalie L, Semchyshyn N. Dermatological surgical complications. 2009. Available at: http://www.emedicine.com/derm/ topic829.htm.

[2]. Murtaza B, Saeed S, Sharif MA. Postoperative complications in emergency versus elective laparotomies at a peripheral hospital. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010 Sep 1;22(3):42-7.

[3]. Wilson JA, Clark JJ. Obesity: Impediment To Wound Healing. Crit. Care. Nurs. Q 2003;26:119-32.

[4]. Makela JT, Kiviniemi H. Factors Influencing Wound Dehiscence After Midline Laparotomy. Am. J. Surg. 1995; 170:387-90.

[5]. Lodhi FB, Asrar R, Akram M, Hussain R. Incidence Of Abdominal Wound Dehiscence (Midline vs Paramedian Incision Closed With Vicryl No.1). Ann. K. E. Med. Coll. 2001;7:38-40..

Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To identify the different type of lung pathologies related to smoking and also to identify commonest pathology of lung related to smoking. Material and Methods: Eighty five male patients were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were any respiratory complaints and history of smoking of one pack year (20 piece of cigarette per day for one year). History of smoking less than one pack year was not included. HRCT scan were done on this patients. Results: In the age group of 20 to <40 years, the most common disease was 8 cases of bronchitis, followed by 5 cases of ILD, 2 cases of coexisting TB, and 1 case of emphysema. In the age group of 40 to <60 years, the most common disease ILD was seen in 20 cases, followed by 15........

Keywords: Emphysema, Bronchitis, ILD, TB

[1]. Mathers CD, Loncar D (2006) Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 3:2011–2030
[2]. Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, et al (2007) International variation in the prevalence of COPD (The BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 370:741–750
[3]. Kuper H, Boffetta P, Adami HO (2002) Tobacco use and cancer causation: Association by tumour type. J Intern Med 252:206–224
[4]. Stewart SL, Cardinez CJ, Richardson LC, Norman L, Kaufmann R, Pechacek TF, Thompson TD, Weir HK, Sabatino SA (2008) Surveillance for cancers associated with tobacco use--United States, 1999-2004. MMWR Surveill Summ 57:1–33
[5]. Huxley RR, Woodward M (2011) Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Lancet 378:1297–1305

Abstract: Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to study the effectiveness of co-loading of crystalloid over preloading of crystalloid in prevention of maternal hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Material and Methods: Hundred parturients aged 18-35 yrs undergoing elective caesarean section were randomly allocated in two groups of fifty each. Group P received preload of 20ml/kg of ringer's lactate solution over a period of 20 minutes before spinal anaesthesia, while Group C received co-load of 20ml/Kg of ringer's lactate solution at the maximal possible rate by pressurized giving set at the time of administration of spinal anaesthesia. Both the groups received.........

Keywords: Co-loading ,preloading, spinal anaesthesia, LSCS.

[1]. Birnbach DJ, Browne IM: Anesthesia for Obstetrics. Miller's Anesthesia. Volume 2. Edited by: Miller RD. 2010, Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2203- 2240;7.
[2]. Cyna AM, Andrew M, Emmett RS, Middleton P, Simmons SW: Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006,4.
[3]. Ronald D. Miller, Lars I. Erikson, Lee A. Fleisher, Jeanine P. Wiwner-kronish, William L. Young, Millers Anaesthesia, Seventh Edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsvier Publication Private Limited. Chapter 51- Spinal, Epidural and Caudal Anaesthesia:1611-1638.
[4]. Ronald D. Miller, Lars I. Erikson, Lee A. Fleisher, Jeanine P. Wiwner-kronish, William L. Young, Millers Anaesthesia, Seventh Edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsvier Publication Private Limited. Chapter 88 –Postoperative Intravascular Fluid Therapy:3783-3803.
[5]. Rao AR, Vijaya G, Mahendra BVVN. Comparison of Effects of Preloading and Co-loading with Ringer's Lactate in Elective Caesarean Section Cases under Spinal Anaesthesia. 2015;14(10):57–64.

Abstract: Sinonasal tract including nasopharynx forms part of upper air way and affected by a wide range of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The present study is a prospective study for a period of 2 years, at a tertiary care centre in Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the neoplastic lesions of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx by histopathological examination.Biopsy specimens received in the histopathology laboratory were analysed by routine H&E staining and IHC was done in few cases for definite diagnosis. Total number of lesions in the present study were 56. Out of these 30 were benign and 26 were malignant masses. Amongst the benign neoplastic lesions in the sinonasal tract inverted papilloma was most common and squamous cell carcinoma was most common amongst malignant lesions.Histopathological diagnosis of neoplastic lesions is essential as the treatment modality varies in the benign and malignant lesions. H&E staining is a golden standard method. However, IHC is useful in differentiating various undifferentiated or poorly differentiated malignancies..

Keywords: Histopathological study, Neoplastic lesions, Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses and Nasophaynx

[1] Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 9th Ed. (Vol 1),2004;7:305-305,317-318.
[2] Lingen MW, Kumar V. Head and Neck. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, editors.Robbin's and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier inc; 2005. p. 783
[3] Modh S K, Delwadia K N, Gonsai R N. Histopathological spectrum of sinonasal masses- A study of 162 cases. Int J Cur Res Rev 2013; 5(3): 83-91[
[4] Tondon PL, Gulati J, Mehta N. Histological study of polypoidal lesions in the nasal cavity. Indian J Otolaryngol. 1971;13:3-11.
[5] Khan N, Zafar U, Afrozi N, Ahmad SS, Hafan SA. Masses of Nasal cavity, Paranasal sinuses and Nasopharynx. A clinicopathological study. Indian Jotolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;58:233-37..

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography. The study included twelve patients diagnosed as suffering from an excess of the anterior part of maxilla and required surgical correction by anterior maxillary osteotomy. Assessment of Cone beam computed tomography in evaluation the soft tissue changes. All cases subjected to anterior maxillary osteotomy using modified Cuper technique. Follow up of cases was does clinically and radio- graphically by cone beam computed tomography. The results of the study proved that the statistically significant increasein mean Nasolabial angle after 6 monthswas 5.2 degrees,the mean value of nasal width after 6 months was 0,9mm. The mean value of Philtrum length was 3.3 mm. In conclusion,Cone Beam Computed Tomography can be used to obtain dimensionally accurate linear and angular measurement from bony maxillofacial structure and landmarks and allows accurate, three-dimensional imaging of hard and soft tissues.

Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, anterior maxillary osteotomy, soft tissue, class II skeletal problems.

[1]. Wilmot JJ, Barber HD, Chou IG, Vig K V: Associations between severity of dentofacial deformity and motivation for orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatment. Angle Orthod. 1993; 63:283.

[2]. Kiy ik HA, ViUliano PP, Crinean J: Patient's expectations as predictors of orthognathic surgery outcomes. Health Psychol. 1988; 7:251.

[3]. Finlay PM, Atkinson JM, Moos KF: Orthognathic surgery: Patient's expectations psychological profile and satisfaction with outcome. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995; 33:9.
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[5]. Raymond J , Fonseca M , Michael P, Powers B , Dexter H Barber : Anterior and posterior maxillary segmental osteotomy . 2000; 2 : 250 ..

Abstract: Background: Thoracic spinal anaesthesia has proven its efficacy over general anaesthesia as a routine anaesthetic technique for laparoscopic surgeries. This study aimed to compare the block characteristics of isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine in thoracic spinal epidural anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Materials and methods: The study included 60 ASA I and II patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, divided randomly into two equal groups. Both the groups were given thoracic combined spinal epidural anaesthesia (CSE) at the T9-T10 / T10-T11 interspace using 1.5 ml of isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% (5 mg/ml) + 25μg (0.5 ml) of fentanyl in group I and 1.5 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (5 mg/ml) + 25μg (0.5 ml) of fentanyl in group H............

Keywords: Baricity, hyperbaric bupivacaine, isobaric bupivacaine, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thoracic combined spinal epidural anaesthesia.

[1]. Zundert AAJ van, Stultiens G, Jakimowics JJ, Peek D, van der Ham W. G. J. M, Korsten H. H. M, Wildsmith J. A. W. Segmental spinal anaesthesia for cholecystectomy in a patient with severe lung disease, Br Jr Anaesth 2006; 96:464–66.
[2]. Tzovaras G, Fafoulakis F, Pratsas K, Georgopoulou S, Stamatiou G,Hatzitheofilou C. Spinal vs general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Interim analysis of a controlled randomized trial, Arch Surg 2008;143:497-501. [3]. Møller IW, Fernandes A, Edstrom HH. Subarachnoid anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine: Effects of density, Br J Anaesth. 1984;56:1191–5.
[4]. Helmi M, Uyun Y, Suwondo BS, Widodo U. Comparison of intrathecal use of isobaric and hyperbaric bupivacaine during lower abdominal surgery. J Anesthesiol 2014 ; 2014:4.
[5]. Hogan QH, Prost R, Kulier A,Taylor ML, Liu S, Mark L. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure,Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1341–9.

Abstract: Background: Mental illness often refer to a wide range of psychiatric symptoms that persist overtime and are functionally disabling in living skills, social interaction, family relationship, job and or education, encompasses condition such as schizophrenia, Major Depressive disorder and Bipolar Disorder AIM: To assess the primary family caregivers of mentally ill patients and their Satisfaction with mental health care attending Tertiary Care Hospital, Visakhapatnam. Materials and Methods: The experiences of family members of mentally ill relatives with mental health professionals. It is undertaken with the expectation that it will provide these professionals with a perspective, which will move them to involve family members more fully...........

Keywords: 1.Mental illness 2.Primary caregivers 3.Schizophrenia 4.Patient satisfaction.

[1]. Gallagher, B.J., III. (1995). the sociology of mental illness. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
[2]. Robins, L.N., & Regier, D.A (1991). Psychiatric disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. New York: The Free Press.
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[5]. Claire Van Deventer, Ian Couper, Anne Wright, John Tumbo, Charleskyeyune, (2008) Evaluation of primary mental health care in North West province – a qualitative view..

Abstract: Background: The use of removable orthodontic appliances increases the microbial contamination of the oral cavity. The use of an apt antimicrobial agent is necessary to reduce cross contamination. Aim : To evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.05% Cetylpyridinium chloride in the disinfection of acrylic plates of removable orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: 15 patients of age 6-12 years were selected for the study. Appliances were made from self-cure acrylic resin on cast models with retentive wire components. Patients were recalled, wire components were cut, and sprayed with tap water, 0.12% CHX, and 0.05% CPC, and sent for microbiological analysis every week. Three appliances were made for each patient. The microbial colonies adhering on the plates were counted and scored on a 3 point scale............

Keywords: Chlorhexidine gluconate, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, removable orthodontic appliances, Streptococcus Mutans

[1]. Lessa C F R, Enoki C, Ito I Y, Faria G, Matsumoto M A N, Filho P N. In vivo evaluation of bacterial contamination and disinfection of acrylic base plates of removable orthodontic appliances. American Journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics 2007; 131:705.e11-705.e17
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