iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: Compariosn of.......

Keywords: ......

[1] Bailey and love,s...........

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder with no known cure. In 2016,422 million people have diabetes worldwide with high mortality.DM is classified into four broad categories:type1,type 2,gestational diabetes and "other specific types".DM is more variable disease than once thought and people may have combinations of forms. Clinical manifestation includes frequent urination.Increasedthirst, and increased hunger. Diabetic effects can range from feeling of unease,sweating, trembling, and increased appetite in mild cases to more serious issues such as confusion, changes in behavior,aggressiveness, seizure, unconsciousness, and rarely permanent brain damage or death in severe cases. Diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with high mortality........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus,Management,Complication,Prevention

[1]. Aboutdiabetes(https://web.archieve.org/web/20140331094533/http:www.who.int/diebetes/action_online/basics).World Health Organization.
[2]. Update 2015(http://www.diabetesatlas.org).IDF.InternationalDiebetes Federation.p.13.
[3]. RipsinCM,KangH,UrbanRJ.Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitis.Am Fam Phy.2009;79(1):29-36.
[4]. Shi Yankai,FrankB.The global implications of diabetes and cancer.The Lancet.2014;383(9933):1947-8.
[5]. VosT,FlaxmanAD,NagviM,etal.Years lived with diability(YLDs)for1160 sequelae of 289 diseases in injuries 1990-2010:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.The Lancet.2012;380(9859):2163-96.

Abstract: Worldwide, ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cause of cancer death. There are about 204,000 new cases and 125,000 deaths annually 1. In most Western countries, ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most common malignancy and ranks fourth in cancer mortality. MATERIAL & METHODS; Statistical incidence of ovarian tumors from 2011 to 2016 was taken from patients presenting to tertiary care hospital Guntur. In cases where there is omental biopsy study, those cases are included in our study. RESULTS: During the study period 244 cases were identified. Benign surface epithelial tumors were 150, Borderline surface........

Keywords: Surface epithelial tumor, Brenner, Mucinous, Serous.

[1]. Histopathological study of Surface Epithelial Tumors of the Ovary: A Prospective study Shreya Hegde1, Vinitha Samartha2.JEMDS 2015; Vol. 4, Issue 20, March 09; Page: 3473-3481.
[2]. Surface epithelial tumors of ovary - an analysis in a tertiary referral hospital. D Ghartimagar, A Ghosh, G KC, S Ranabhat, OP Talwar. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 397-402.
[3]. Epithelial ovarian tumors: Clinicopathological correlation and immunohistochemical study Pooja S. Naik, Sanjay Deshmukh, Siddhi Gaurish Sinai Khandeparkar. J Midlife Health. 2015 Oct-Dec; 6(4): 178–183.
[4]. Clinicopathological Study of Surface Epithelial Tumours of the Ovary: An Institutional Study Nalini Modepalli and Suguna Belur Venugopal. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct; 10(10): EC01–EC04.
[5]. Kurman RJ, Visvanathan K, Roden R, et al. Early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer: shifting from early stage to minimal volume of disease based on a new model of carcinogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:351–56. [PMC free article] [PubMed].

Abstract: Objective: Primary venous aneurysms are rarely encountered lesions. Case reports have been described throughout the venous system. The lesions are usually symptom-free being found as a subcutaneous mass, an incidental finding on an imaging study, or during the work-up for deep venous thrombosis. However, embolism and rupture have been rarely described. A femoral vein aneurysm is reported, along with a current review of the literature of venous aneurysms. Method: In a 11-year-old healthy female complaining of a localised swelling and pain in her left inguinal region, duplex ultrasonography and........

Keywords: Venous aneurysm, femoral vein, Pulmonary emboli, Doppler ultrasound, Tangential aneurysmectomy, CT angiography

[1]. Volteas SK1, Labropoulos N, Nicolaides AN. The management of venous aneurysms of the lower extremities. Panminerva Med. 1998;40(2):89-93.
[2]. Gabrielli R, Rosati MS, Vitale S,Mellarelli M, Siani A, Chiappa R, et al. Pulmonary emboli due to venous aneurysm of extremities. Vasa. 2011; 40, (4):327-32.
[3]. Castle JM, Arous EJ. Femoral vein aneurysm: a case report and review of the literature. Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;3:317-9.
[4]. Ekim H, Gelen T, Karpuzoglu G. Multiple aneurysms of the cephalic vein. A case report. Angiology. 1995;46:265-7.
[5]. Grice GD 3rd, Smith RB 3rd, Robinson PH, Rheudasil JM. Primary popliteal venous aneurysm with recurrent pulmonary emboli. J Vasc Surg. 1990;12:316-8..

Abstract: Introduction: Dual Tumors or Collision tumours are composed of two histologically distinct neoplasms in the same organ without intermixture of cell types. Here we present a histopathological study on dual collision tumors of ovary with brief review of literature. Methods: In this two year prospective study, patients aged from 21years to60 years were taken for study who has been scheduled for ovarian tumor or ovarian mass surgeries under general anesthesia. Results: Total 45 cases found to have ovarian tumor. Out of which two cases have a combination of mucinous cystadenoma and teratoma whereas three cases have combination of serous papillary........

Keywords: ovarian tumors, histopathological examination, collision tumors

[1]. Ng YK, Lam KY, Chan AC, Kowng YL. Collision tumor of esophagus: a challenge for histological diagnosis. J Clin Pathol 1996; 49: 524-526.
[2]. Jayaraman A, Ramesh S, Jeyasingh R, Bagyalakshmi KR. Gastric collision tumor- a case report. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2005;48:264-65.
[3]. Walvekar RR, Kane SV, D'Cruz AK. Collision tumor of thyroid: follicular variant of papillary carcinoma of thyroid and squamous carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2006;4:65.
[4]. Wright TC, Ferenczy A, Kurman RJ (2002) Carcinoma and other tumors of the cervix. In: Kurman RJ (ed) Blaustein's pathology of the female genital tract, 5th edn. Baltimore, MA, USA, pp 325-381.
[5]. Ozgur Bige, Ahmet Demir, M Koyuncuoglu, M ustafa S, Cagnur U, Ugur Saygili. Collision tumor: serous Cystadenocarcinoma and dermoid cyst in same ovary. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009;279:767-770.

Abstract: Residual alveolar ridge resorption is an intraoral structural change in the alveolar bone associated with loss of natural teeth. This chronic, irreversible and cumulative process is most pronounced in the first six months after teeth extraction 1-2. The resorption of alveolar bone has a major impact on the design and construction of prosthetic benefits and it is a challenge for the dentist in everyday practice. The aim of this paper is to review the dilemmas around the clinical procedure by providing examples of everyday practice to ensure the maximum functionality of total dentures, in cases of increased resorption of alveolar bone..

Keywords: resorption of alveolar ridges, total prostheses

[1]. Carlsson GE. Clinical morbidity and sequelae of treatment with complete dentures. J Prosth Dent 1998; 79:17-23.
[2]. Whitmyer S, Esposito J and Alperin S. Longitudinal treatment of a severely atrophic mandible: a clinical report. J Prosth Dent 2003; 90: 116-120.
[3]. Atwood DA. Reduction of residual ridges. A major oral disease entity, J Prosthet Dent: 1971: 26:266-79.
[4]. Jowitt N, MacFarlane T, Devlin H, Klemetti E, Horner K. The reproducibility of mandibular cortical index. DentomaxillofacRadiol 1999; 28:141-4.
[5]. Brunader R, Shelton DK. Radiologic bone assessment in the evaluation of osteoporosis. AmFam Physician 2002; 65:1357-64..

Abstract: Objective: To Determine The Incidence Of Aki As Defined By The Acute Kidney Injury Network (Akin) Classification In Paediatric Patients From1 Month To 13 Years Admitted To The Picu. Design: Prospective, Observational. Setting: Tertiary Care Center. Participants/Patients: Patients Admitted In Picu, 1 Month To 13-Yr Old. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence Of Aki Based On The Serum Creatinine Criteria Proposed By The Aki Network........

Keywords: Aki, Acute Kidney Injury, Renal Replacement Therapy, Mechanical Ventilator

[1]. Uchino S, Kellum Ja, Bellomo R, Doig Gs, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Et Al.
[2]. Acute Renal Failure In Critically Ill Patients: A Multinational, Multicenter Study. Jama.2005;294(7):813-8.
[3]. Nash K, Hafeez A, Hou S. Hospital-Acquired Renal Insufficiency. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases. 2002;39(5):930-6.
[4]. Chertow G, Soroko S, Paganini E, Cho K, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler T, Et Al. Mortality After Acute Renal Failure: Models For Prognostic Stratification And Risk Adjustment. Kidney International. 2006;70(6):1120-6.
[5]. Hsu C, Mcculloch C, Fan D, Ordonez J, Chertow G, Go A. Community-Based

Abstract: Aims and objectives: To study the endoscopic biopsies of esophagus, to assess the overall utility of endoscopic biopsy in esophageal lesions and to study the various esophageal lesions in relation to age and sex of the patients, site of occurance and distribution. Materials & methods: A total number of 43 cases of esophageal lesions are clinically identified and subjected to endoscopic biopsy, the departments of Gastroenterology and Pathology, Government General Hospital, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, over a period of two years from 1999 to 2001.Observations: Out of 43 cases of esophageal lesions, male patients are 25 and female patients are 18 with male to female ratio of........

Keywords: Endoscopic biopsies, Esophageal lesions, Pathological study.

[1]. Michael V, Sivak, Donna A. schleutermann Gastroenterologic endoscopy text book, second edition Volume 1.
[2]. Lu.Y K. Li. Y. M, Chen. T.M. and Keng C.C; Studied 217 cases of sq.cell carcinomas of esophagus." Chin Med J.83:39-44,1984.
[3]. Ellis et al; Study of 300 cases of adenocarcinomas 93% located at gastroesophageal junction". Text book of tumours of stomach and esophagus.
[4]. Benvennti .G.A, Hattori K, Levin B et al; Endoscopic sampling for tissue diagnosis in gastrointestinal malignancy". Gastrointest Endosc 1975;21:159-61.
[5]. Kobayashi S, Yoshii Y, Kasugai T; Biopsy and Brush cytology in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer". Endoscopy 1976;8:53-8..

Abstract: A community based cross-sectional descriptive study with two stage simple random sampling study was conducted over 197 permanent residents ≥18 years and ≤60 years of a slum of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, West Bengal to determine on the prevalence of the household food security and its relationship with different socio-demographic factors. Some background data was collected and the validated Bengali version of six-item HHFS-short form was used to determine the household food security. The study revealed that majority of the participants belonged to 20-29 years of age group with comparable male & female population. Prevalence of tobacco addiction was high.......

Keywords: Household level food security, food insecurity, slum, urban

[1]. Hadley C, Patil CL.Food Insecurity in Rural Tanzania Is Associated with Maternal Anxiety and Depression.American journal of human biology2006, 18:359-68
[2]. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders. Geneva: World Health Murry C, Lopez A. The global burden of disease vol.1 A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University press 1996.
[3]. Izutsu T, Tsutsumi A, Islam AM, Kato S, Wakai S, Kurita H: Mental health, quality of life, and nutritional status of adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Comparison between an urban slum and a non-slum area.Soc Sci Med 2006, 63:1477-88.
[4]. Bickel G, Nord M, Hamilton W, Cook J. Guide to measuring household food security: Revised 2000. U.S. Department of Agriculture,Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria VA: 2000.
[5]. Blumberg SJ, Bialostosky K, Hamilton WL, Briefel RR. The effectiveness of a short form of the household food security scale. Am J Public Health 1999; 89:1231-4.

Abstract: Introduction: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an important scavenger of oxygen derived free radicals, structurally similar to glucose, which can replace it in many chemical reactions and thus is effective for prevention of nonenzymatic glycosylation of protein and helps in the regeneration of α-tocopherol and prevents LDL oxidation thereby reducing cardiovascular risk. Aims and Objectives: To estimate Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Triglycerides (TG) and Vitamin C levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare it with that of healthy individuals. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study done in the department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur from September 2011 to August 2013 included eighty confirmed cases of type 2 diabetes........

Keywords: Haemoglobin A1c, Triglyceride, Vitamin C.

[1]. P.A. Mayes. Lipid of physiological significance, in R.K. Murray, D.K. Grammer, P.A. Mayes , VW Rodwel (Ed.), Harpers Biochemistry, 24 (United States: Appleton and Lange, 1996) 147-157.
[2]. [G. Lippi, G. Targher, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): old dogmas, a new perspective? Clinical Chemistry, 48(5), 2010, 609-614.
[3]. M.A. Catherwood, L.A. Powell, P. Anderson, D. McMaster, P.C. Sharpe, and E.R. Trimble, Glucose-induced oxidative stress in mesangial cells, Kidney International, 61, 2002, 599-608.
[4]. A. Cariello, A. Quatraro, and D. Giugliano, New insight on non enzymatic glycosylation may lead to therapeutic approaches for the prevention of diabetic complications, Diabetic Medicine, 9(3), 1992, 297-299.
[5]. S.J. Padayatty, A. Katz, Y. Wang, P. Eck, O. Kwon, J.H. Lee, et al, Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 22, 2003, 18-35..

Abstract: Background: Breast carcinoma is the major cause of death in women. Most of the time, Breast lump is the common clinical presentation. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is a rapid and safe procedure withgood patient's compliance. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the aspirated smears from various breast lesions and to ascertain therole of FNAC in improving the quality of diagnosis and correlating with Biopsy specimens. Materials And Methods: Over a period of one year, Study was conducted in the department of pathology, Government Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. 204 aspiration, were performed which includes 15 bilateral cases. Children........

Keywords: Breast lump, Cytology, Histopathology, Benign and Malignant lesion

[1]. Sinha R, Anderson DE, McDonald SS, Greenwald P. Cancer risk and diet in India. J Postgrad Med 2003;49:222-8.
[2]. International Agency for Research on cancer, "Globocon 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012,"
[3]. I.O.Ellis, S. Humphreys, M.Michell, S.E. Pinder, C.A.Wells, and H.D. Zakhour, Guidelines for zon- Operative Diagnostic Procedures and
[4]. reporting in Breast Cancer Screening, NHS Cancer ScreeningProgramme, Sheffield, UK,2001.
[5]. I. Ahmed, R. Nazir, M.Y. Chaudhary, and S. Kundi, "Triple assessment of breast lump," Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Abstract: Back Ground: Dentistry is a recognised noble profession. At the same time, it is a commercial enterprise, whereby dentists employ their skills to earn a living. There is a potential tension between these two aspects of dentistry and maintaining an appropriate balance between them is often difficult. An apparently more common technique for maximising income, often at the expense of other dentists, is advertising. Advertisements include any notice, circular, report, commentary, pamphlet, label, wrapper or other document, and any announcement made orally or by any means of producing or transmitting light or sound.........

Keywords: Mixed method approach, advertisements, ethics, qualitative research, quantitative research

[1]. Dentists (Code of ethics) regulations. (1976). New Delhi, India.(2009).
[2]. Dale Shaller. Consumers in health care: The burden of Choice. California health care foundation.2005
[3]. Williams. FDI World Dental Federation. Dental ethics manual.2007. (1st). France.
[4]. Karina Tonini dos Santos Pacheco, M. F. (2014). Ethical proceedings against dentists in Espirito Santo for infrigements to the code of dental ethics. 2014; 28: 1-7.

[5]. Professional Standards and Guidelines – Advertising and Communication with the Public. 2017.

Abstract: Iatrogenic root perforations are undesired endodontic mishaps. Root perforation results in the loss of integrity of the root and surrounding periodontal tissues which may lead to extraction of involved tooth. This case report illustrates the management of an iatrogenic lateral root perforation at crestal level of root of mandibular right central incisor using Biodentine with 2 year follow up. Correct diagnosis, immediate sealing and use of biocompatible material are the key to successful outcome of the treatment.

Keywords: biodentin, crestal perforation, iatrogenic, repair

[1]. Nicholls E, Treatment of traumatic perforations of the pulp cavity, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 15, 1962, 603–12.
[2]. de Chevigny C, Dao TT, Basrani BR, Marquis V, Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, et al. Treatment Outcome in Endodontics: The Toronto Study— Phases 3 and 4: Orthograde Retreatment, J Endod, 34, 2008, 131–7.
[3]. Toure B, Faye B, Kane AW, Lo MC, Niang B, Boucher Y, Analysis of Reasons for Extraction of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Prospective Study, J Endod, 37, 2011, 1512-15.
[4]. Fuss Z, Trope M, Root perforations: Classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors, Endod Dent Traumatol, 12, 1996, 255‑64.
[5]. Clauder T, Shin SJ, Repair of perforations with MTA: clinical applications and mechanisms of action, Endod Topics , 15, 2006, 32–55..

Abstract: Forensic Odontology nowadays has become a developing science and is of great importance to society. It is important that Legal professionals should have a proper knowledge of forensics as the need has increased greatly over the last decades due to the unprecedented demand from the criminal justice. Materials and Methods: Data was collected based on questionnaire survey among qualified legal professionals related to their awareness of forensic odontology & child abuse. Results: A total number of 250 legal professionals in Srinagar responded to the questionnaire. Results showed that there was a less knowledge regarding forensic odontology........

[1]. Merrick J, Browne KD. Child abuse and neglect – a public health concern. Public Health Rev (1999) 27:279–93.
[2]. Ibrahim N, Jalali E, Al-Ahmadi J, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of childhood abuse reported by female university students in Jeddah. J Egypt Public Health Asstn 2008; 83(5): 329-51.
[3]. Patel K. Awareness Of Forensic Odontology among legal professionals of gandhinagar Gujarat,India.Dent. Ess. J.2016;1(1):18-22.
[4]. Singh NN, Gowhar O, Ain TS, Sultan S. Exploring trends inforensicodontology. J Clin Diagn Res 2014;8:ZC28-30.
[5]. Javier Ata-Ali and Fadi Ata-Ali. Forensic dentistry in human identification: A review of the literature. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(2):e162-7..

Abstract: Primary retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult is rare. Even rare is their presentation as a surgical emergency. We report a case of rupture of a primary retroperitoneal teratoma in a middle aged man following blunt abdominal trauma. This is the first report of such a case in literature. In the article, we discuss about the diagnostic difficulties faced in this unusual presentation and the treatment options in such a case..

Keywords: Ruptured retroperitoneal teratoma; blunt trauma abdomen; emergency setting.

[1]. Lukanovic A, Patrelli TS. (2010) Retroperitoneal mass with ischiorectal fossa extension: diagnosis, clinical features and surgical approach. A literature review starting from a rare clinical case of primary retroperitoneal dermoid cyst. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol.; 31(6): 709-13.
[2]. Yoon SS, Tanabe KK, Warshaw AL. (2005) Adult Primary Retroperitoneal Teratoma. Surgery;137:663-4.
[3]. Engel RM, Elkins RC, Fletcher BD. (1968) Retroperitoneal teratoma: Review of literature and presentation of an unusual case. Cancer; 22: 1068-73.
[4]. Dewar G, Arnold M, Arthur KC. (1990) Retroperitoneal dermoid presenting as an infected pancreatic cyst. Aust N Z J Surg; 60: 488-9.
[5]. Taori K, Rathod J, Deshmukh A et al. (2006) Primary extragonadal retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult. Br J Radiol.;79(946):e120-2.

Abstract: Radicular cysts (RC) are the most common cystic lesions affecting the jaws. They are most commonly found at the apices of the involved teeth, however they may also be found on the lateral aspects of the roots in relation to lateral accessory root canals. Because of the close anatomical relationship between the nasal floor and the adjacent dental region in maxillary anterior teeth region and with maxillary sinus in maxillary posterior tooth region, determining the extent of cysts in these regions by invading these structures in depth can be a diagnostic dilemma. Conventional radiography renders a three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical structure two dimensionally with inherits distortions. This limitation posts a steep learning curve for novice operators to interpret information from the resulting images. In many incidences, it becomes a matter of guesswork even to the experienced user, like the relationship of........

Keywords: Radicular cysts, Three-dimensional (3-D) and CBCT

[1]. Shear M. Cysts of the Oral Regions, 3rd Edition, Boston, Wright, 1992 .pp. 136-70.
[2]. Nair PNR. Non-microbial etiology: periapical cysts sustain post-treatment apical Periodontitis. Endodontic Topics 2003;6 : 96-113
[3]. Wu M-K, Shemesh H, Wesselink PR (2009) Limitations of previously published systematic reviews evaluating the outcome of endodontic treatment Int Endodon J 42;8:656-666.
[4]. Estrela C, Reis Bueno M, Rodrigues Leles C et al (2008) Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic and periapical radiography for detection of apical periodontitis J Endodon 34;10:273-9.
[5]. Bender IB, Seltzer S: Roentgenographic and direct observation of experimental lesions in bone I, J Am Dent Assoc. 1961;62:152. 34..

Abstract: The main objective of medical and dental sciences is to understand the physiological processes occurring in humans and alleviate pain and suffering from the world. Diseases which have a multifactorial etiology are often a challenge for the clinician to treat and conventional treatment modalities do not always give satisfactory results. The missing link in these conditions is genetics, i.e. there are several disorders which are caused by alteration of genes coding for specific proteins. Gene therapy is a method by which the defective gene is repaired or replaced by a therapeutic gene with the help of suitable vectors. It has a wide array of applications from the treatment of single gene to multi-gene disorders. Salivary glands and keratinocytes are excellent target sites for gene therapy and are often used for treating systemic conditions. Its dental applications range from treatment of pain, salivary........

Keywords: Gene therapy, salivary gland, oral cancer, bone repair, pain, orthodontic tooth movement, DNA vaccination, tooth regeneration

1. Prabhakar AR, Paul JM, Basappa N. Gene Therapy and its implications in Dentistry. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2011 May;4(2):85.

2. Cotrim AP, Baum BJ. Gene therapy: some history, applications, problems, and prospects. Toxicologic pathology. 2008 Jan;36(1):97-103.

3. Siddique N, Raza H, Ahmed S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS. Gene Therapy: A Paradigm Shift in Dentistry. Genes. 2016 Nov 10;7(11):98. 4. SWAMY D, DESSAI SS, BARRETTO ES, DSOUZA K. Gene Therapy Applications in Dentistry: A Review. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2017 Oct 1; 11(10).
5. Vagish Kumar L S. Gene Therapy: Principles and Applications in Dentistry. Research and Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences.2014 Mar 2322-0090

Abstract: The age-old siddha medicine has a long history of existence comprising a lot of literary evidences for 32 internal and external medicines. The aim of these therapies is to maintain stability of the human beings. According to siddha medicine there are 4448 ailments which include Gynecology, pediatrics, dermatology, ophthalmology etc..The ophthalmic medicine in siddha field have negligible centre of attraction. External therapy for eye disease include Anjanaam (collyrium), Kalikkam (eye drops), Mai (eye tax) and Salagai (probe). The siddhars have clearly explained about kankaasam (cataract) in ancient days thus it is an astonishment for all people. There are eight types........

Keywords: Kankaasam, Salagai, Kalikkam , siddha

[1]. R. Thiyagarajan, LIM 2013, "Gunapadam Thathu Jeeva vaguppu" Eighth edition, published by Directorate of Indian medicine and Homeopathy, Chennai, India.
[2]. K.S. Uthamarayan, HPIM, 2013, "siddhar aruvai maruthuvam" Sixth edition, published by Directorate of Indian medicine and Homeopathy, Chennai, India.
[3]. S.Prema, Ancient Siddha Surgery, Indian Journal and History of Sciences, Dept of Siddha Medicine, pp 323 – 332
[4]. K.S. Murugesa Muthaliar 2013 , " Siddha Materia Medica" (Medicinal Plants Division), Volume 1, Ninth edition, Published by Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, Chennai, India.
[5]. "Agathiyar - Nagamuni Nayanavithi " 1976, published by group of Siddha Medicine people from Palani Thandayuthaswamy temple.

Abstract: Although blunt trauma abdomen is common, traumatic lumbar hernia is a rare entity. Acute traumatic lumbar hernia can be easily overlooked initially as it is associated with other serious injuries that demands urgent attention. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of these hernias may result in increased morbidity and complications. We describe a case of motor vehicle collision; the initial evaluation of abdomen of the victim suggested no injury. Later she developed bilateral lumbar hernia and presented to us with incarceration of one hernial sac. Patient got relieved from obstruction during initial conservative treatment. Elective repair of both lumbar hernias was done by open extraperitoneal retromuscular sublay approach using polypropylene mesh.

Keywords: traumatic lumbar hernia; bilateral lumbar hernia; incarcerated hernia.

[1]. Burt BM, Afifi HY, Wantz GE, Barie PS (2004) Traumatic lumbar hernia: report of cases and comprehensive review of the literature. J Trauma 57:1361-1370
[2]. Balkan M, Kozak O, Gulec B, Tasar M, Pekcan M (1999) Traumatic lumbar hernia due to seat belt injury: case report. J Trauma 47:154-155
[3]. Hide IG, Pike EE, Uberoi R (1999) Lumbar hernia: a rare cause of large bowel obstruction. Postgrad Med J 75:231-232.
[4]. Killeen KL, Girard S, DeMeo JH, Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE (2000) Using CT to diagnose traumatic lumbar hernia. Am J Roentgenol 174:1413-1415
[5]. Bathla L, Davies E, Fitzgibbons RJ Jr, Cemaj S (2011) Timing of traumatic lumbar hernia repair: is delayed repair safe? Report of two cases and review of literature. Hernia 15:205-209.