iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: Ascites can be defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. Earlier ascites was classified as transudative and exudative based on the total protein concentration of the ascetic fluid. To study comparative utility of serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), Ascitic fluid total protein, (AFTP), Ascitic fluid lactate dehydrogenase (AFLDH), Ascitic fluid / serum total protein (AFTP/STP), Ascitic fluid / Serum LDH (AFLDH/SLDH), serum and ascitic cholesterol in the differential diagnosis of ascites. 48 cases of ascites were studied for a period of 10 months extending from May 2016 to Feb. 2017 (Our cases constituted mainly Hospital admissions in the Department of Pediatrics consisting of 3 units, RIMS General Hospital, Kadapa.).............

Keywords –serum ascites albumin gradient, Ascitic fluid total protein, Kadapa, serum total protein

[1]. Bibhuti Das, Usha Acharya, Alok Purohit Comparative Utility of Sero Ascites Albumin Gradient and Ascitic Fluid Total Protein for Differential Diagnosis of Ascites. INDIAN PEDIATRICS. VOLUME 35-JUNE 1998.
[2]. Rovelstad RA, Bartholomew LG, Cain JC et al. The value of examination of ascitic fluid and blood for lipids and for proteins by electrophoresis. Gastroenterology 1958; 34: 436-50.
[3]. Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA et al. The serum ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 215-20.
[4]. Goyal AK, Goyal SK, Pokharna DS, Sharma SK. Differential diagnosis of ascitic fluid : Evaluation and comparison of various biochemical criteria with a special reference to serum ascites albumin concentration gradient and its relation to portal pressure. Tropical Gastroenterology 1989; 10 (1): 512-55.
[5]. Gupta R, Misra SP, Dwivedi M et al. Diagnostic ascites : Value of total protein albumin, cholesterol their ratios serum ascites albumin and cholesterol gradient. J Gastroenterology Hepatology 1995; 10 (3): 295-9..

Abstract: To study the perinatal and maternal outcome in cases of antepartum haemorrhage(APH) at Government general hospital, Guntur. Materials and methods:A retrospective study was undertaken on maternal and perinatal outcome in 100 women with antepartum haemorrhageafter 28 weeks of gestation admitted to Government General hospital, Gunturbetween October 2016and September 2017. Results :Abruptio placenta(AP) formed the largest group(55%) followed by placenta previa(PP). Caesarean section was the commonest mode of delivery(55%)in patients of APH. Maternal mortality was 1%. Perinatal mortality was 27%. Maternal and perinatal morbidity was quite high. Conclusion:Antepartum haemorrhage is an important cause of maternal...........

Keywords: Antepartum haemorrhage(APH), Abruptio placenta(AP), Placenta previa(PP Unclassified haemorrhage(UH).

[1]. Arora R,DeviU, Majumdar K. Perinatal mortality in ante partumhaemorrhage. J Obstet Gynae India2001;51(3):102-4.
[2]. F Cunningham, Kenneth Leveno, Steven Bloom, John Hauth, Larry Gilstrap, Dwight Rouse, F Gary Cunningham, Catherine Spong, Catherine Y Spong, Kenneth J Leveno, John C Hauth. Obstetrical haemorrhage. Williams Obstetrics: 23rd Edition, Newyork, McGraw Hill Professionals, chapter 35 – Obstetricalhaemorrhage.
[3]. Hibbard BM;JeffcoateTNA .Abruptio Placentae.ObstetGynecol 1966;27:155-67.
[4]. Chamberlein GVP, Phillip E;HowlettB,MastersK. Br. Birth obstetgynecol1970;45:160-3
[5]. Green JR. Placental abnormalities :Placenta praeviaand abruption placentae, maternal& fetal medicine. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R editors Principles and Practice 3rd edition.Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1989;588-602...

Abstract: Introduction: Duodenal duplication is a rare congenital malformation. Although more frequent in childhood, it may be rarely observed in adulthood. Several complications, such as obstruction, bleeding, perforation and pancreatitis may result. Pre-operative diagnosis can be difficult. Optimal treatment is total excision, although endoscopic procedures have also been described in appropriate cases. If total excision is not possible, subtotal excision and internal derivation can be performed. Presentation Of Case: We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with a duodenal duplication cyst, who was misdiagnosed on several occasions in the past. The woman presented here with recurrent attacks of abdominal pain radiating to the right chest and vomiting. She also reports of a lump in the upper abdomen which comes and goes during the course of each attack. Definitive treatment needed a meticulous diagnostic workup and a delicate operation....................

Keywords: Gastrointestinal duplication, Duodenal cyst, Cysto-jejunostomy

[1]. Jiménez M, Cadière GB, Dapri G, Vasilikostas G, Bruyns J, Capelluto E. Duodenal duplication cyst in an adult: first simultaneous laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech 2009;19(2):207-10.
[2]. Chen JJ, Lee HC, Yeung CY, Chan WT, Jiang CB, Sheu JC. Meta-analysis: the clinical features of the duodenal duplication cyst. J Pediatr Surg 2010;45(8):1598-606.
[3]. Liu R, Adler DG. Duplication cysts: Diagnosis, management, and the role of endoscopic ultrasound. Endosc Ultrasound 2014;3(3):152-60.
[4]. Seeliger B, Piardi T, Marzano E, Mutter D, Marescaux J, Pessaux P. Duodenal duplication cyst: a potentially malignant disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19(12):3753-4.
[5]. Prasad TR, Tan CE. Duodenal duplication cyst communicating with an aberrant pancreatic duct. Pediatr Surg Int 2005;21:320-322.
[6]. Macpherson RI. Gastrointestinal tract duplications: clinical, pathologic, etiologic, and radiologic considerations. Radiographics 1993;13(5):1063-1080.

Abstract: The term "Hot" tooth is generally used for patients who have had a very painful tooth, and upon treatment is persistently stubborn to fully anesthetize. In some cases despite the area being profoundly "numb", on commencement of root canal treatment some residual sensation is still present. The cause behind such condition had been attributed to various theories and likewise the solution has been discussed.

Keywords: Hot Tooth, Tetrodotoxin-resistant channels, Hyperalgesia, Anaesthesia

[1]. Endodontics Principles and Practice. M. Torabinejad, 4th ed. Pg. 129-147.
[2]. Walton R, Torabinejad M: Managing local anaesthesia problems in the endodontic patient, J Am Dent Assoc 123:97,1992.
[3]. Walton R: Managing local anaesthesia problems in the endodontic patient, Endod pract 1:15, 1998.
[4]. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp. Hargreaves K M, Berman L H, 11th ed. Pg 90-129
[5]. Malamed S. Handbook of Local Anaesthesia, 5th ed. St Louis, 2004, Mosby.

Abstract: Angle closure glaucoma is a major cause of visual morbidity world wide. Gonioscopyis considered the current reference standard to evaluate the configuration of the anterior chamber angle. Both the techniques and interpretation of results require a considerable level of skill and experience.Our study concludes that Van herick's technique is closely coinciding upto85%, to Shaffer'sgrading. 15% of Van herick'sgrade 4 revealed Shaffer'sgrade 1&2.Hence it is important to do gonioscopyin order to prevent Angle closure in occludable angles. Van herick'stechnique can be used as a screening test in mass glaucoma screening programmeas it is simple & easy...........

[1]. Friedman DS, MinnuangH. Anterior chamber angle assessment techniques. SurvOphthalmol2008;53:250-73 •
[2]. Van HerickW, Shaffer RN, Schwartz A. Estimation of width of angle of anterior chamber. Incidence and significance of the narrow angle. Am J Ophthalmol1969;68:626-29 •
[3]. CongdonNG, Quigley HA, Hung PT, Wang TH, Ho TC. Screening techniques for angle-closure glaucoma in rural Taiwan. ActaOphthalmolScand1996;74:113-19.
[4]. Thomas R, George T, Braganza A, Muliyil J. The flashlight test and van Herick'stest are poor predictors for occludableangles. AustNZJOphthalmol1996;24:251-56. •
[5]. Kashiwagi K, Tokunaga T, Iwase A, Yamamoto T, TsukaharaS. Usefulness of peripheral anterior chamber depth assessment in glaucoma screening. Eye 2005;19:990-94.

Abstract: Rabies is a potentially fatal disease transmitted by bite of infected animal, primarily dogs. India remains endemic for this disease contributing to about 20000 deaths due rabies yearly. However, simple preventive practices are sufficient to protect against this deadly disease. The current study aimed at identifying the reported burden of animal bite cases, their categorization and practices related to preventive measures. The study was conducted by interviewing patients attending the Anti-Rabies Vaccination (ARV) clinic. Patients were mainly male and Hindu, attending clinic with predominantly incidence of dog bite, category 3 exposure being observed in majority. Though not cent per cent, still majority performed wound wash with soap and water before attending the clinic.......

Keywords: Animal bite, dog bite, post-exposure prophylaxis, rabies, rabies prevention.

[1]. WHO | Rabies [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2017 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/
[2]. WHO | Eliminating rabies in India through awareness, treatment and vaccination [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2017 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/features/2016/eliminating-rabies-india/en/
[3]. Sudarshan MK, Madhusudana SN, Mahendra BJ, Rao NSN, Narayana DHA, Rahman SA, et al. Assessing the burden of human rabies in India: results of a national multi-center epidemiological survey. Int J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;11(1):29–35.
[4]. Home | Global Alliance for Rabies Control [Internet]. [cited 2017 Nov 19]. Available from: https://rabiesalliance.org/
[5]. Executive_summary_draft_V3_wlogo.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2017 Nov 19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/rabies/Executive_summary_draft_V3_wlogo.pdf

Abstract: There are few studies on new born dermatosis in our country.The aim of present study is to know the incidence of cutaneous changes in our area. Influence of Sex, birth weight and duration of gestation on early neonatal skin. In our study we observe physiological changes were more common than pathological conditions.Preterm and post-term infants are more vulnerable to pathological changes than full term infants.

Keywords: Neonatal dermatosis, physiological and pathological conditions.

[1]. MeenakshiSachdeva, SurjeetKaur et al. Cutaneous lesions in new born, IJDVL, 2002. 68:6, p.334-337
[2]. Dash, S Grover, S Radhakrishnan, M Vani, Clinico epidemiological study of cutaneous mainestations in the neonate, IJDVL, 2000, 66:1, p.26-28.
[3]. Bryan Nobby, N Chakraborthy, Cutaneous manifestation in the new born, IJDVL, 1992, 58:2, p.69-72.
[4]. CM Baruah, V Bhat, R B Garg et al. Prevalence of dermatoses in the neonates in Pondichery IJDVL, 1991, 57:1, p.25-28.
[5]. Marchini G, Lindow S et al. The newborn infant is protected by vernixcaseosa. Br J Dermatol, 2002; 147, 1127-34.
[6]. Mantensen, Strang LB, A harlequin colour change in Newborn. Lancet, 1952.

Abstract: Objectives: Our study was done on 15 cases of Thyroglossal cysts during a period of three years from January 2014 to March 2017. All the cases were treated surgically by Modified Sistrunk's operation under general anaesthesia after investigating them thoroughly. A follow-up period of 6 months to 1 year was done to assess any short-term or long-term complications including recurrence. Materials And Methods: 15 Patients of Thyroglossal cysts presented to the Department of ENT, GGH, Guntur during a period of three years from January 2014 to March 2017. Of these patients, 11 were males and the remaining 4 were females. The age of the patients ranged from 1 year to 56 years. All the patients were investigated for complete blood chemistry, urine analysis, chest x-ray, ECG, Thyroid profile (serum T3, T4, TSH levels estimation), ultrasonography of the neck and FNAC.............

Keywords: FNAC, Thyroid profile, Sistrunk's operation.

[1]. University of Rochester Medical Centre (2015). Thyroglossal duct cyst. Retrieved from http://www.urme.rochester.edu.
[2]. Deaver M.J.; Silman E.F.; Lotfipour S. (2009). "Infected Thyroglossal duct cyst". Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 10 (7):205.
[3]. Geller, Kenneth.A. Cohen, David; Koempel, Jeffrey. A. (2014-02-01). "Thyroglossal cyst and sinuses: a 20 year Los Angeles experience and lessons learned". "International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology". 78(2):264-267.ISSN 1872-8464.PMID 24332664. doi:10.2016/j.ijporl. 2013-11.018.
[4]. Gioacchini,F.M.: Alicandri-Cinfelli,M.; Kaleci.S. ;Magliulo,G.; Presutti,L.; Re,M (2015-01-01). "Clinical outcomes and treatment of Thyroglossal duct cysts: A systematic review". International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 44(1):119-126.ISSN 1399-0020. doi:10.1016/j.ijom. 2014-07-007.
[5]. Sistrunk,W.E. (1928). "Technique of removal of cysts and sinuses of the Thyroglossal duct". Surg.gynaecol.Obstet. 46: 109 - 112.

Abstract: Primary trocar entry for implementation of pneumoperitoneum is the key step of laparoscopic surgery. Mostof the complications like bleeding ,haematoma,visceral injury and major vascular injury occur during this initial step of laparoscopic procedure.Various techniques like veress needle, open(Husson),optical trocar have been used to prevent such complications.Currently ,none of the available method of entry to the peritoneal cavity for producing pneumoperitoneum are free of complications. Direct trocar entry to the peritoneal cavity to produce pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery may be considered as alternative and equally safe method like other methods of primary trocar entry.

Keywords: primary entry ,laparoscopy, direct trocar puncture, pneumoperitoneum

[1]. K. Theodoropoulou, MD, D. R. Lethaby, MBBS, H. A. Bradpiece, FRCS, T. L. Lo, MBBS, and A. Parihar, MBBS:Direct Trocar Insertion Technique: an Alternative for Creation of Pneumoperitoneum:JSLS. 2008 Apr-Jun; 12(2): 156–158:PMCID: PMC3016192
[2]. Ashley H. Vernon JGH, Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery:Maingot's Abdominal operation .12th ed,p65
[3]. Zakherah MS. Direct trocar versus veress needle entry for laparoscopy;a randomized clinical trial; Gynaecologoic and obstetric investigation;2010;69(4):260-3
[4]. ErtugrulI ,Kayaap C ,YagciMA,SumerF,Karagul S, Tolan K:Comparison of Direct Trocar Entry and Veress Needle Entry in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: Randomized Contolled Trial. Journal of Laparoscopic & advanced surgical technique Part A.2015;25(11):875-9 (PMID26397834)
[5]. GodaraR,BansalAR,Verma S, Yadav S,VermaN,Gupta S: Direct trocar insertion without the pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery-Is a safe technique?: Hellenic Journal of Surgery: 2015;87(5);415-8

Abstract: Introduction: The main cause of anaemia in child bearing age of female is iron deficiency accounting for a prevalence of 20-80% in female population. The increased iron requirements during pregnancy both by the women and infant may be regarded as the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency anaemia. Aim: To measure the haematological parameters in pregnant women in their last trimester by measuring haemoglobin level and RBC indices and to determine iron status in them by measuring serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin. Method: One hundred and fifty pregnant ladies in their third trimester whose haemoglobin level is below 11.0 gm/dl attending antenatal OPD or admitted in antenatal ward in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur during the period from Feb 2013 to Mar 2016........

Keywords: Anaemia, iron, ferritin, transferrin.

[1]. E. Buetler, Disorders of iron metabolism, in M.A. Litchman, T.J. Kipps, K. Kaunshansky, E. Buetler, U. Seligsohn, and J.T. Prachal (Eds.), William Haematology, 7 (New York: Mc Graw – Hill, 2006) 511-553.
[2]. E.A. Letsky, Haematologic disorders, in W.M. Barron, and M.D. Leindheimer (Eds.), Medical disorders during pregnancy, 3 (Missouri: Harcourt Private Limited, 2001) 267-315.
[3]. L.H. Allen, Anemia and iron deficiency: effects on pregnancy outcome, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,71, 2000, 1280S-1284S.
[4]. T.O. Scholl, T. Reilly, Anemia, iron and pregnancy outcome, Journal of Nutrition, 130(2S Suppl), 2000, 443S-447S.
[5]. O.A. Idowu, C.F. Mafiana, and S. Dapo, Anemia in pregnancy: a survey of pregnant women in Abrokuta Nigeria, African Health Sciences, 5(4), 2005, 295-299.

Abstract: Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disorder, a variant of pulmonary atresia, can either be isolated or associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies. Adult patients with isolated UAPAA are usually asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed when presenting with other thoracic complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, etc…Here we present two cases of isolated unilateral right pulmonary artery atresia who presented with chest pain, dyspnea referred for CT scan suspecting infective causes............

Keywords: Unilateral pulmonary artery atresia, UPAA, Unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery, UAPA, Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries

[1]. I.S. Kadir, J. Thekudan, A. Dheodar, et al. Congenital unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis and aspergilloma Ann Thorac Surgery, 74 (2002), pp. 2169-2171
[2]. R.C. Bahler, P. Carson, E. Traks, et al. Absent right pulmonary artery. Problems in diagnosis and management. Am J Med, 46 (1969), pp. 64-71
[3]. A.D. Ten Harkel, N.A. Blom, J. Ottenkamp. Isolated unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery: a case report and review of the literature. Chest, 122 (2002), pp. 1471-1477
[4]. John c. Elder, et al. Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Absence or Hypoplasia. Circulation. 1958;17:557-566
[5]. Pool PE. Vogel JHK. Blount SG. Congenital Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. Am J Cardiel 1962;10'706-32

Abstract: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease of unknown etiology characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and impaired contractility. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy pose many anaesthetic challenges in patients undergoing non cardiac surgery. We report successful management of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy with low ejection fraction who underwent total hip replacement under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia.

Keywords : Cardiomyopathy, combined spinal epidural (CSE), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), left bundle branch blocks (LBBB) Source of Support: Nil Conflicts of Interest: Nil

[1]. Stoelting RK, Hines Roberta L. and Marschall, Katherine E. Stoelting's Anaesthesia and Coexisting Disease. (6th ed.) Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2012. Cardiomyopathy. pp.138-139

[2]. S Yamaguchi, K Wake, M Mishio, Y Okuda, T Kitajima. Anesthetic management of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy under total intravenous venous anaesthesia with propofol and ketamine combined with continuous epidural analgesia Masui. 1999; 48: 1232–4.

[3]. Molhoek SG, Bax JJ, Erven RV. Effectiveness of resynchronization therapy in patients with end stage heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2002; 90: 379–83.

[4]. Borggrefe M, Block M, Breithardt G. Identification and management of the high risk patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J. 1994; 72(Suppl 6): S42–5.

[5]. Cermuzynski L, Gebalska J, Wolk R. Hypomagnesemia in heart failure with ventricular Arrhythmias, beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation. J Intern Med. 2000; 247(1): 78–86.

Abstract: Introduction: Temporo-mandibular (T-M) joint ankylosis presents a challenge to the anaesthesiologist as airway management may be quite tricky and difficult. Intubation by awake fibre-optic laryngoscopy (FOL), though favoured by many, presents difficulties of its own as the patient may be coughing, bucking &/or struggling throughout the procedure besides eliciting hemodynamic responses which may be undesirable in some patients. An anesthetized patient, in such a situation, may be quite easy to handle. Study Aims: To determine the ease of intubation in cases of T-M joint ankylosis in anesthetized patients.............

KeyWords: Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) Ankylosis, Fibre-optic Laryngoscopy (FOL), Airway Management, Anesthetized.

[1]. Malik NA. Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1st Ed. New Delhi. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2002: 207-18.
[2]. Elwood T, Stillions DM, Woo DW, et al. Nasotracheal intubation: A randomized trial of two methods. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 51-3.
[3]. S Mishra, S Lata, V Kumar, G Mishra & P Ezhilarasu. Difficult Intubation; Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis With Limited Mouth Opening and Hypertrophied Adenoid in a Six Year Old Child – Case Report and Review. The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology 2009; 22 (1).
[4]. Berry FA. Difficult Intubation. In: Berry FA, ed. Anaesthetic Management of Difficult and Routine Pediatric Patients, 2nd Ed. New York. Churchill Livingstone; 1990: 373-82.
[5]. Dasgupta D. Endotracheal intubation in bilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Indian J Anaesth 1987; 35: 367-73.

Abstract: Immunization currently prevents an estimated 2 to 3 million deaths every year. If proper vaccine administration covers globally, an additional 1.5 million deaths could be avoided. This study aims to document and need to detect and assess the adverse events for improving quality of life (QOL) of children on immunization.
Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over 1465doses. The data was collected using a data collection form and the standard AEFI form prescribed by the WHO. The patients were also followed up on phone. Causality assessment was done by Causality assessment of an adverse event following immunization (AEFI)............

Keywords: Vaccination, Adverse event(s) following immunization, Quality of Life, WHO Causality Assessment Scale for AEFI.

[1]. http://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/
[2]. WHO (2014) Polio vaccines: WHO position paper, January 2014 - Recommendations. Vaccine
[3]. WHO (1999) Immunization Safety Surveillance: Guidelines for Managers of Immunization Programmes on Reporting and Investigating Adverse Events Following Immunization.
[4]. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-3-good-health-and-well-being/targets/
[5]. Salman Khazaei1, Shahab Rezaeian 2, Mohsen Ramana 3, et al, Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) in Children under 7- year of Age during 2014 in Hamedan Province, Iran, Int J Pediatr, Vol.4, N.5, Serial No.29, May 2016 (Pages: 1697-1703)
[6]. Rangamati B G, Incidence of Adverse Events Following Immunization with SA14-14-2 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Among Children of 6 to 10 Years in Kolar, India, J Clin Biomed Sci 2011;1(2) (Page: 49-54).

Abstract: Background: Diagnostic importance of glenoid fossa needs to be realized. A malocclusion can present itself with various features and a proper treatment demands an accurate diagnosis. Variability in location of glenoid fossa can play an important role in various malocclusions, hence keeping this thing in mind this study was aimed at finding whether a relation exists between glenoid fossa position and malocclusion in a saggital direction. Materials and methods: Cephalograms of 90 subjects were assessed manually and various parameters describing the location of glenoid fossa were assessed. These parameters were statistically assessed with different malocclusion groups and it was ascertained whether a relation exists between the two or not.Besides maxillary and mandibular............

Keyword: Glenoid fossa, malocclusion, cephalometrics, articuar eminence inclination

[1]. Droel R and Isaacson R.J.: Some relationships between the glenoid fossa position and various skeletal discrepancies. Am. J. Orthod 1972;61,1:64-78.
[2]. Moyers R. handbook of orthodontics. 4th ed. ChicagoLondon-Boca Raton: Year Book medical publishers Inc; 1988:183-195.
[3]. Baccetti T, Antonini A, Franchi L, Tonti M and Isabella T: Glenoid fossa position in different facial types: a cephalometric study Bri. J. Orthod 1997:24:55-59.
[4]. Kantomaa T: The relation between mandibular configuration and the shape of the glenoid fossa in the human. Eur. J. Orthod 1989;11:77-81.
[5]. Kantomaa T: The effect of increased posterior displacement of the glenoid fossa on mandibular growth: A methodological study in the rabbit. Eur. J. Orthod 1984;6:15-24.

Abstract: There are many works reported that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) gene polymorphisms associated with diabetic nephropathy and has variable expression in different ethnic groups. However, the distribution data of AGTR1 gene polymorphism in patients with diabetic nephropathy in Indonesia is still lacking. This study aimed to determine the polymorphism of AGTR1 gene A1166C in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The subjects of the research were 60 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 30 diabetic nephropathy and 30 without nephropathy respectively. Gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP method and the PCR products were digested with BsuRI restriction enzyme. The results showed the frequency distribution of genotypes of AGTR1 gene in patients with diabetic nephropathy were 86,7% for AA, 13,3% for AC, and 0% for CC respectively. It can be inferred that in Indonesian genotype AA is predominant compared to AC or CC.

Keywords: AGTR1gene, A1166C, diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 2004; 27 [Suppl 1], S5 – S10.
[2]. Gardner D.G. and Shoback D. Pancreatic Hormone & Diabetes Mellitus. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology, 2004; 8: 661 – 744.
[3]. Grissom F.E., The Endocrin Pancreas ppt. Howard University. 2008,
[4]. Zychma M J, 2000, Angiotensinogen M235T and Chymase Gene CMA/B Polimorphysms are not associated with Nephropathy in Type II Diabetes. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 15 : 1965 – 1970.
[5]. Hansen T. Microvascular Complications. STAR Research Course Epidemiology 2007.
[6]. Wiecek A., Chudek J. and Kokot F. Role of Angiotensin II in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy-Therapeutic Implications. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2003;18 [Suppl 5]: v16–v20

Abstract: To compare the efficacy and safety of combination of Tamsulosin and Solifenacin with Tamsulosin alone in improving the lower urinary tract symptoms of patients with indwelling double-J ureteral stents (DJS). Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients with DJS were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group I (𝑛 = 35), all patients received combination of both tamsulosin 0.4 mg and solifenacin 10 mg daily and in group II (𝑛 = 35) all patients received tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily. All patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life component of the IPSS (IPSS/Qol) and Visual Analogue Pain Scale(VAPS) questionnaire,before insertion, at 3rd day of stenting and at 2 weeks after stenting.Urine for Routine and microscopic examination and culture and sensitivity were sent on 3rd postoperative day or before the discharge of patient and sexual discomfort was assessed after 2 weeks of stent insertion...........

Keywords: Double-J stent, UTI, IPSS, QoL, VAPS

[1]. Abdulkareem, A.S., B. Hassawi and Z. Ahmed, 'Nephrectomy, A clinicopathological study', Journal of American Science, vol. 11, no. 8, 2015, pp. 97-101.
[2]. Aiman, A., K. Singh and M. Yasir, 'Histopathological spectrum of lesions in nephrectomy specimens: A five-year experience in a tertiary care hospital', J SciSoc, vol. 40, 2013, pp. 148-54.
[3]. Andualem, D., B. Teklebrihan and C. Wuletaw, 'Indications, Complications and Mortality of Nephrectomy in TikurAnbesa General Specialized Hospital', East and Central African Journal of Surgery, vol. 17, no. 3, 2012, pp. 92-7 [4]. Cameron, J. S. Kidney Failure: The Facts. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999 suppl):S73-S76.

Abstract: Supernumerary teeth are those teeth which are surplus to normal set of teeth in both primary and permanent dentition[1]. One of the less commonly seen supernumerary teeth in contrast to mesiodens and distomolars is parapremolars. Its appearance is same as premolars and occurs frequently in mandibular premolar region. Generally, most parapremolars are asymptomatic and they stay impacted which poses a possible risk of root resorption to overlying teeth. The aim of this paper is to describe the procedure, complications, and management of parapremolars in orthodontic perspective and discuss two case reports.

Keywords: supernumerary teeth, parapremolars, root resorption, management.

[1]. Oztas B¸ Bardak C, Kursun ES, Akbulut N. Clinical characteristics of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth in a cohort of Turkish patients. Oral Radiology. 2011;27(2):108–13.
[2]. Hattab FN, Yassin OM, Rawashdeh MA. Supernumerary teeth : report of three cases and review of the literature. ASDc J dent child. 1994;61(5-6):382-93.
[3]. Amarlal D, Muthu MS. Supernu merary teeth: review of literature and decision support system. Indian J den research. 2013;24(1):117-22.
[4]. Kumaresan J, Senthilkumar T. Supernumerary teeth- to extract or retain in orthodontics - two case reports. JIDENT. 2014;2(2):1-5.
[5]. Solares R, Romero MI. Supernumerary premolars : a literature review. Pediatric dentistry . 2004;26(5):450-8.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes in pregnancy has implications for the health of the mother and her baby in the immediate, short-term and long-term. Studies have shown that diabetes in pregnancy can influence maternal and neonatal outcomes negatively hence the need to assess the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods:This was a retrospective cross sectional record review conducted at a tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe. Stratified random sampling was used to select 532 antenatal records from 2010 to 2014. The data were collected using record review checklists................

Key-words: Diabetes, pregnancy, prevalence, perinatal outcomes.

[1]. Albrecht, S. S., Kuklina, E. V., Bansil, P., Jamieson, D. J., Whiteman, M. K., Kourtis, A. P., et al. (2010). Diabetes trends among delivery hospitalizations in the US, 1994–2004. Diabetes care, 33(4), 768-773.
[2]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2010). Diabetes in pregnancy: its impact on Australian
[3]. women and their babies [Electronic Version]. Diabetes series 14.
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Abstract: Health technology assessment (HTA) refers to the systematic evaluation of properties, effects, and/or impacts of health technology. It is a multidisciplinary process to evaluate the social, economic, organizational and ethical issues of a health intervention or health technology. The main purpose of conducting an assessment is to inform a policy decision making. The importance of Health Technology Assessment is to help in reducing the Out of Pocket expenditure on healthcare and nationalize the concept of healthcare. In India, HTA is not given the due importance that it actually deserves. HTA generally focusses on the clinical aspect of Health Technology, leaving the patient-related, economic aspect and organizational aspect unattended. This paper will emphasize the importance of HTA in India which will provide adequate health services to all.

Keywords : HTA, out of pocket expenditure, health care, evidence -based, decision making

[1]. Shikha Baghel Chauhan, S.S. Agrawal; Health Technology Assessment in India: Present status and future perspectives; J. Adv. Pharm. Edu. & Res. 2014: 4(1): 13-19.
[2]. Hass B.,pooley J.,Feuring M.,Suvarna V., Health technology assessment and its role in the future development of the Indian healthcare sector. Perspect Clin Res. 2012 Apr-Jun; 3(2): 66–72.
[3]. Mrityunjai Kumar, Shah Ebrahim, Fiona C Taylor, Maulik Chokshi JG. Health Technology Assessment in India: The Potential for Improved Decision Mking. Available from: http://www.pubfacts.com/detail/25668089/Health-technology-assessment-in-India-the-potential-for-improved-healthcare-decision-making.
[4]. Banda DH. Health Technology Assessment in developing countries and transitional economies. Presentation to Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment. 2007
[5]. Public Health Foundation of India, South Asia Network for Chronic Disease. Workshop on the potential for Health Technology Assessment in India. 2011

Abstract: Hypodontia is the congenital absence of <6 teeth because of agenesis. The absence of teeth may be unilateral or bilateral. Several treatment options are indicated to treat hypodontia, including the maintenance of primary teeth or space redistribution for restorative treatment with partial adhesive bridges, tooth transplantation, and implants. However, an interdisciplinary approach is the most important requirement for the ideal treatment of hypodontia. This paper presented the work on a single abutment, single pontic cantilever fibre-reinforced composite bridge to replace bilaterally missing maxillary lateral incisors using Ceramage with glass fibres namely Fibrex Lab Pontic System which is incorporated as the fibre-reinforcement of the bridge frame. Indirect fabrication of this prosthesis in laboratory gives a better finish and aesthetic outcome than the direct technique in clinic.

Keywords : Fibre-reinforced composite bridge, minimum intervention dentistry, resin-bonded.

[1]. Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Abdulgani A., and Bajali M. Treatment of Patients With Congenitally Missing Latral Incisors: Is an Interdisciplinary Task, RRJDS. 2014, 2(4), 53-68.
[2]. Muhamad AH, Azzaldeen A, Nezar W, Mohammed Z Esthetic Evaluation of Implants Placed after Orthodontic Treatment in Patients with Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors. J Adv Med Dent Sci Res 3: 110-118.
[3]. Muhamad et al. ;ORTHODONTICS AND SINGLE-TOOTH IMPLANTS FOR CONGENITALLY MISSING LATERAL INCISORS: A CASE REPORT. IEJDTR, 2017; 6(2): 451-418
[4]. Abu-Hussein Muhamad, Nezar Watted (2017). Multidisciplinary Approach in the Rehabilitation of Congenitally Maxillary Canine; A Case Report. J Dent Oral HealthVolume 3 • Issue 7 • 086
[5]. Muhamad Abu-Hussein, Nezar Watted, Abdulgani Azzaldeen, Mohammad Yehia, Obaida Awadi, Yosef Abu-Hussein. Prevalence of Missing Lateral Incisor Agenesis in an Orthodontic Arabs Population in Israel (Arab48). International Journal of Public Health Research. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2015, pp. 101-107.