iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2018

Abstract: Background: Liver abscess is a serious problem especially in tropical regions like the Indian subcontinent. Itsignificant mortality and also poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Present study describes the clinical, pathological and radiological profile of liver abscess patients attending the tertiary care hospital during the study period. Aims & Objectives: To Study a Clinico-Pathological profileand Radiological Characteristics of liver abscess patients.Methods:This is Prospective study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, G.R. Medical College and J.A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior between January 2016 to August 2017 Total of 120 cases of liver abscess were included in the study.Statistical Analysis: All the data analysis was done using IBMSPSS version 20 software. Data is expressed as percentage and mean ± SD. Student t test and analysis of variance was used to tabulate the data. P value of <0.05 is considered as significant.Results:The age of patients ranged from 16 to 82.........

Keywords: Male, Female, Fever, Abdomen Pain,Amoebic liver abscess, Pyogenic Liver Abscess, Right lobe

[1]. Sharma MP, Archarya SK, Verma N, Dasarathy S. Management of amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001;20:33-36.
[2]. Pang TC, Fung T, Samra J, Hugh TJ, Smith RC. Pyogenic liver abscess: An audit of 10 years' experience. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:1622–1630
[3]. Lübbert C, Wiegand J, Karlas T. Therapy of liver abscesses. Viszeralmedizin 2014;30:334–341.

[4]. Ralls PW, Barnes PF, Radin DR, Colletti P and Halls J. Sonographic Features of Amebic and Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Blinded Comparison. 1987. AJR 149:499-501..
[5]. Rutenberg WD, Yang MC, Doberstyn EB, Bellanti JA: Multiple leukocyte abnormalities in chronic granulomatousdisease: a familial study. Pediatr Res 1977; 11:158-163.

Abstract: Recent studies have reported decreased levels of serum albumin in patients of mood disorders such as depression in western countries and some Asian population. Similar studies involving Indian population are not found. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the evaluation of serum albumin in the patients with mood disorders. Material and methods:The medical record charts of the patients with mood disorders were evaluated. The study included 234 patients of mood disorders (with or without suicide attempts) who attended the psychiatric department of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India. The data evaluated included age, body mass index, various biochemical parameters. This was compared with the healthy volunteers from the patient attendants. The study included an equal number of age and sex matched controls. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 19............

Key words: albumin, depression, mood disorders, suicide

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Abstract: The pattern of childhood blindness changes depending on the accessibility of affordable health care services as well as socio-cultural factors. A major cause of childhood blindness in one country can be insignificant in another, and even over a decade the causes of childhood blindness can change quite dramatically in the same country. The variations in the major causes of blindness in pediatric age group from different parts of the world is determined by socioeconomic factors and the availability of primary eye care services. In developed countries, lesions of the retina, optic nerve and higher visual pathways predominate as the cause of blindness, whereas corneal scarring is the major cause in low-income countries.Retinopathy of prematurity is an important cause in middle-income countries.[1] This study will be aimed to find out the pattern of blindness due to optic nerve and retinal disorders in age group 0-16 years and address the patients through investigation, prevention, counselling, treatment, and low vision aids.

Keywords: childhood blindness, retina, optic nerve, visual pathways, corneal scarring, Retinopathy of prematurity

[1]. WHO | Priority eye diseases [Internet]. WHO [cited 2017 Sep 21];Available from: http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index3.html
[2]. WHO | Visual impairment and blindness [Internet]. WHO [cited 2017 Sep 15];Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
[3]. ICD-10 Version:2016 [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 9];Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/H53-H54
[4]. Rahi JS, Sripathi S, Gilbert CE, Foster A. Childhood blindness in India: Causes in 1318 blind school students in nine states. Eye 1995;9(5):545–50.
[5]. Dandona R, Dandona L. Childhood blindness in India: a population based perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87(3):263–5..

Abstract: Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the reasons for seeking oral prophylaxis and the relationship between such reasons and patients' socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, clinical features of periodontal diseases and their mode of payment for the procedure. Methodology:This retrospective study was carried out using the hospital records of 351 patients who had oral prophylaxis done. The information retrieved from the hospital record includes socio-demographic data such as age, sex, marital status and socioeconomic class, reasons for seeking oral prophylaxis, history of past routine cleaning, frequency of tooth brushing, tooth brushing method, clinical features of periodontal diseases and other dental treatment needs. The mode of payment for the procedure was also noted. Results: Majority among non-smokers (54.6%), persons who do not consume diets...........

Key words: Oral prophylaxis, reasons, mode of payment

[1]. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Chapter 7: Community and Other Approaches to Promote Oral Health and Prevent Oral Disease. Retrieved from https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/SurgeonGeneral/sgr/chap7.htm#top
[2]. American Academy of Periodontology. Glossary of Periodontal Terms, 4rd Edition. Chicago: American Academy of Periodontology, 2001. Retrieved from http://www.perio.org/resources-products/Perio-Terms-Glossary.pdf
[3]. Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Bryan G, Beirne PV. Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD004625. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004625.pub4.

[4]. British Dental Association. Routine Scaling. BDA evidence summary. 2015. Retrieved from https://bda.org/dentists/education/sgh/Documents/Routine%20scaling%20V2.pdf
[5]. Petersen P.E. Strengthening of Oral Health Systems: Oral Health through Primary Health Care. Med PrincPract 2014;23(suppl 1):3-9..

Abstract: Kidneys are also called as renes or nephros from which we have the derivative renal or nephron are retroperitoneal by position. Study of normal anatomy with the aid of ultrasonography is reliable & cost effective. Methods: 67 adult normal subjects ranging from 18-70 years were examined and parameters of kidney noted photographed and analysed statistically.

Key words: kidney, length, width, renal size,renal volume,cortical thickness.

[1]. Ablett Mj1, Coulthard A, Lee Re, Richardson Dl, Bellas T, Owen Jp, Keir Mj, Butler Tj, How Reliable Are Ultrasound Measurements Of Renal Length In Adults?. Br J Radiol. 1995 Oct;68(814):1087-9.
[2]. 2.Ranjeet S. Rathore, Nisarg Mehta, Biju S. Pillai, Mohan P. Sam, Binu Upendran, And H. Krishnamoorthy, Variations In Renal Morphometry: A Hospital-Based Indian Study. Indian J Urol. 2016 Jan-Mar; 32(1): 61–64.
[3]. Mário M. R. Fernandes, Carla C. S. Lemos, Guilherme S. Lopes, Eugenio P.Q. Madeira, Omar R. Santos, David Dorigo, Raquel Bregman. Normal Renal Dimensions in A Specific Population. International Braz J Urol Official Journal Of The Brazilian Society Of Urology, Vol. 28 (6): 510-515, November - December, 2002.
[4]. Mujahid Raza, Amina Hameed, M Imran Khan Pakistan Institute Of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ultrasonographic Assessment Of Renal Size And Its Correlation With Body Mass Index In Adults Without Known Renal Disease.
[5]. Sadisu Mohammed Maaji, Odunko Daniel1, Bappa Adamu2, Sonographic Measurement Of Renal Dimensions Of Adults In Northwestern Nigeria: A Preliminary Report.Sub-Saharan African Journal Of Medicine /Vol 2/Issue 3/Jul-Sep 2015.,

Abstract: Stress fractures of the tibia which occurs due to the osteoarthritic deformities are rare and pose a great challenge in management. We managed three such patients with stress fractures of proximal tibia with deformed osteoarthritic knee. All patients had established osteoarthritis of the knee; one patient with genu valgus deformity and the other two with genu varus deformity. All of them underwent a total knee replacement with a long tibial stem extension, and subsequently, their fractures united on followup. All three patients recovered uneventfully with good functional range of movements restored. Correction of extra –articular deformities with the restoration of normal knee mechanics and joint lines along with reduction of tension stresses on the bone and stabilisation of the associated stress fractures and replacement of the arthritic joints can all be done effectively with long stemmed modular total knee arthroplasty implants.

Keywords: Stress fracture, Deformity, Osteoarthritis Knee, Total Knee Arthroplasty

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[2]. Giladi M, Ahronson Z, Stein M, Danon YL, Milgrom C. Unusualdistribution and onset of stress fractures in soldiers. Clin OrthopRelat Res 1985; 192:142-6.
[3]. Milgrom C, Finestone A, S hlamkov itch N, et al. Youth is a riskfactor for stress fracture. A study of 783 infantry recruits. J BoneJoint Surg Br 1994; 76:20-2.
[4]. Wheeldon FT. Spontaneous fractures of the shin in the presence ofknee deformities. Proc R Soc Med 1961; 54:1108.
[5]. Young A, Kinsella P, Boland P. Stress fractures of the lower limbin patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1981;63-B: 239-43..

Abstract: Background: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is on a rise in third world countries. The diagnosis is a dilemma for the treating physician. Here we provide information on the clinical manifestations, outcomes of IRIS and the correlation of time of IRIS with the CD4 count. Methods: A Prospective descriptive study conducted over a period of two years in a tertiary care teaching institute in south India. A total of 516 patients diagnosed with HIV were started on Lamivudine and Nevirapine based regimen of which 40 who developed IRIS were studied. Inferential statistical analysis was applied. Results: The mean time for development of IRIS was 75 days into HAART. Most were in the age group 31-40yr (42.5%) with male preponderance (67.5%). Fever...........

Keywords:Antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), tuberculosis

[1]. Devesh J. Dhasmana, KeertanDheda, Pernille Ravn, Robert J. Wilkinson andGraeme Meintjes. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy. Drugs 2008; 68 (2): 191-208 .Adis Data information research gate.
[2]. Daniel.L.Barber,Bruno B.Andrade et al,Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome:Trouble with immunity when you have none: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Jan 9; 10(2): 150–156.
[3]. David Murdoch, Willem DF, Anellies Van Rie, Feldman.Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome common infectious manifestations and treatment options.AIDS Respiratory Ther.2007;4:9,PMC 1871602.
[4]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2013. World Health Organization; 2013.
[5]. Mohanty k.Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome after initiating Highly Active Retroviral Therapy inHIV/AIDS.Indian journal of dermatology Venerology leprosy 2010,76,301-4.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting Indian women and it is also the second most common cause for cancer deaths. The Papanicolaou smear test is currently the most widely used approach for detecting precancerous and cancerous lesions of cervix for which sensitization and motivation of women was required. Cancer of cervix is readily preventable, and can be diagnosed at the pre-invasive stage with adequate and repetitive cytological screening with Pap smear examination. Our district has large number of rural and tribal community, reaching, counseling and screening them with Pap smear is very difficult. An intense public health campaign to be conducted by Government on a regular and recurring basis. Objective: Retrospective study of cervical smear tests, aimed to analyze limitations in collection of Pap smears and barriers faced by medical staff and patients in.........

Key words: Pap, HSIL, Carcinoma cervix, pre-malignant lesions, Adenocarcinoma

[1]. WHO guidelines for Screening And Treatment Of Precancerous Lesions For Cervical Cancer Prevention;2013
[2]. D C Dutta .Text book of Gynaecology,5th edition
[3]. Bluestein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract,6th edition
[4]. Amit Mehta,Harshad Ladola el al.Study Of High Risk Cases For Early Detection Of Cervical Cancer By Pap's Smear And Visual Inspection By Lugol's Iodine Method.NHL J Of Med Sci Jan 2013/vol.2/Issue 1:65-68
[5]. Ashok verma,Suresh Verma et al. A Study On Cervical Cancer Screening In Symptomatic Women Using Pap Smear In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Rural Area Of Himachal Pradesh, India. Middle East Fertility Society J 2017;22:39-42..

Abstract: Exotoxin A is an extracellular enzyme that is produced by most clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which inactivates and inhibits the protein biosynthesis. The present study aims to detect any possible correlation or any significant association between the production of exotoxin A and antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates or they can act independently, which might have implications for treatment and control. A Prospective study done on 60 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which included 30 ESBL and 30 Non- ESBL producers were randomly selected from total 203 isolates from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital , Puducherry. All isolates were screened for ESBL production using Phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test. Detection of Exotoxin A (toxA) gene expression were done by conventional PCR..Out of 60 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.........

key words: .........

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[3]. Fleiszig SM, Wiener-kronish JP, Miyazaki H, Valias V, Mostov KE, Kanada D, et al. (1997). Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediated cytotoxicity and invasion correlate with distinct genotypes at the loci encoding exoenzyme S. Infect Immun .65: 579-586.
[4]. Hossein HM, Mehdi RM, Masoumeh A, Gholamreza A, Masoud DM. (2015).Molecular evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in burn ward, ICU, CCU and ITU in a number of hospitals in Kerman Province. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences . 5 (S2): 1428-1431.
[5]. Luzzaro F, Mantengoli E, Perilli M. (2001). Dynamics of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonasaeruginosa Producing the PER-1 Extended-Spectrum{beta} - Lactamase. Journal of clinical microbiology .39: 1865-187

Abstract: Background: A variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of nasal cavity and nasopharynx are commonly encountered in routine clinical practice. The main aim of this study was to study of spectrum of histopathological lesions of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx in a tertiary care hospital, over the period of two years. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive, cross sectional study over a period of 2 years, from September 2014 to August 2016. A total 235 biopsies, received to the department of pathology at Dr.PSIMS & RF, Chinnaoutpalli, india., presented as mass lesions in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. After fixation, processing and H & E staining, histopathological diagnosis was made. This study was approved by the institutional ethical committee......

Keywords: polyp, inverted papilloma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, histopathological examination

[1]. Zafar U, Khan N, Afroz N, Hasan SA. Clinicopathological study of non-neoplastic lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Indian J PatholMicrobiol.2008;51:26-29.
[2]. Somani S, Kamble P, Khadkear S. Mischievous presentation of nasal masses in rural areas. Asian J Ear Nose Throat. 2004;2:9-17.
[3]. Hedman J, Kaprio J, Poussa T, et al. Prevalence of asthma, aspirin intolerance, nasal polyposis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a populationbased study. Int J Epidemiol.1999;28:717-22.
[4]. Settipane GA. Epidemiology of nasal polyps. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1996;17:231-36.
[5]. Tondon PL, Gulati J, Mehta N. Histological study of polypoidal lesions in the nasal cavity. Indian J Otolaryngol. 1971;13:3-11.

Abstract: Background: Fiber optic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a safe and useful diagnostic tool for the management of the pulmonary diseases. Objectives: To assess the role of FOB in the diagnosis of various lung diseases. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the at a tertiary care institute of North India over a period one year (Jan-Dec 2010). Data was collected from hospital record regarding age, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedure and outcome. The study was carried out on 157 patients suspected to have pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cancer or sarcoidosis. All the patients were subjected to FOB. Results: There were total 157 cases included in the study and subjected to FOB. Majority (59.87%) were males, the mean age was 50 years with range from 21-80 years. The overall diagnostic yield of FOB was 61.14%. Conclusion: FOB can be successfully employed for the diagnosis of lung diseases, including malignancies and granulomatous lesions. Routine flexible bronchoscopy technique continues to have a good diagnostic yield in current clinical practice in various lung diseases.

Key Words: Fiber Optic Bronchoscopy, Lung Disease, Pulmonary Tuberculosis

[1]. Foos L, Patuto N, Chhajed PN, Tamm M. Diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy in current clinical practice. Swiss Med Wkly. 2006 Apr 3;136(9-10):155- 9.
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[5]. Kulpati DDS, Heera HS. Diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Indian J Tuberc. 1986 Oct; 33(4):179-82.

Abstract: We report an interesting case of Fitz- Hugh Curtis Syndrome (FHCS) in a 51-year-old Arab woman with a concomitant gallstone disease. She presented to us with recurrent right hypochondrial pain of 2 years duration, exacerbated by deep breathing, cough, and hiccups not associated with vomiting or nausea. Ultrasound showed tiny 2mm gallstones. Laparoscopy revealed extensive perihepatic "violin string" like adhesions and underwent Laparoscopic Adhesiectomy with Cholecystectomy .FHCS affects the adolescent, sexually active women and in men as well. Till date, only one case reported in a 56yr old female with Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome from Mexico [1]. To our knowledge, this is the second instance, such a case reported in a 51 year-old woman postmenopausal status with single partner.

Keywords: Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome ,Perihepatitis ,Right hypochondrial pain

[1]. Pardon AG, Martínez GDA Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome. A case in an elderly woman Cirujano Gen 2008; 30 (2) (Spanish journal)
[2]. Theofanakis CP, Kyriakidis AV. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome. Gynecol Surg. 2011;8(2):129–134. doi: 10.1007/s10397-010-0642-8.
[3]. Peter NG, Clark LR, Jaeger JR. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome: a diagnosis to consider in women with right upper quadrant pain. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:233–239.
[4]. Malkin JE, Prazuck T, Bogard M, Bianchi A, Cessot G, De Fanti AS, et al. Screening of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in a young Parisian population. Sex Transm Infect. 1999;75(3):188–189. doi: 10.1136/sti.75.3.188.
[5]. Nishie A, Yoshimitsu K, Irie H, Yoshitake T, Aibe H, Tajima T, et al. Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome radiologic manifestation. J Comput. 2003;27(5):786–791..

Abstract: Background: Increasing evidence suggests that angiogenesis is an essential factor in the tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Research on related parameters such as micro vessel density(MVD) could be helpful in predicting the tumour behavior. Recently, Endoglin (CD105) has been introduced as a new powerful marker of neoangiogenesis that stains vessels in the proliferating stage. Many studies revealed that Endoglin (CD105) was intensively expressed in the tumour vessels and therefore could be both predictive and prognostic marker for the outcome in various malignancies. Aims And Objectives: To determine and correlate the Endoglin (CD105) expression in normal oral mucosa, premalignant lesions of oral cavity and in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials And Methods: Thirty (30) cases of normal oral mucosa, thirty.........

Keywords- Endoglin, CD105, Microvessel density, oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Abstract: Background:Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that shows inter and intra-lesion variation. The classification into molecular subtypes has made chemotherapeutic management of breast cancer easier and patient-specific with excellent outcomes. Immunohistochemistry are used as surrogates for intrinsic DNA gene in most resource poor countries. Aimsand objectives: This study aimed to describe prevalence of molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma using immunohistochemistry as surrogates for characteristics seen with intrinsic DNA gene. Methodology:The immunohistochemistry for oestrogen receptor, (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Human epidermal receptor2 (HER2...........

key words: Basal-like. Her 2 type, Immunohistochemistry, Luminal A&B, Molecular subtypes

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