iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2018

Abstract: Background: Writer s cramp is a movement disorder characterized by prolonged involuntary muscle contractions, when the subject begins to write. In this study, We set out to assess various reflexes on both the affected and non-affected side in Writer's cramp patients as well as in healthy controls to determine the pathophysiological basis of this condition.
Material and methods: A total 14 patients with Writer's Cramp including 10 patients with simple Writer's cramp and 4 patients with dystonia Writer's cramp and 14 normal persons as control were evaluated with Electrophysiological tests ,performed on a Dantac EMG machine and unpaired t test was used for statistical analysis..........

Keywords: Writer's cramp , ElectroPhysiological studies..

[1]. Rowland LP. Cramps, spasms and muscle stiffness. Revue neurologique 1985;141:261-273.
[2]. Marsden CD, Sheehy MP. Writer's cramp. Trends in neurosciences 1990;13:148-153.
[3]. Bell C. The nervous system of the human body.Partial paralyses of the muscles of the extremities. Washington: Duff Green 1833;221:1833.
[4]. Gower WR. A manual of diseases of the nervous system [online]. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/b21932128_0001#page/n5/mode/2up.

[5]. Osler. The principles and practice of medicine, designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine : Osler, William, Sir, 1849-1919 : Free Download & Streaming [online]. Available at: https://archive.org/details/principlespract00osle

Abstract: PRF (Platelet rich fibrin)is referred to as second generation platelet concentrate,used in stimulation and acceleration of soft tissue and bone healing because of localand continuous delivery of growth factors and proteins, mimicking the needs of the physiological wound healingand reparative tissue processes.In this case report,a periapical endodontic surgery was performed on a 19 year old male patient with pus discharge in upper front teeth region and a large bony defect radiographically.Granulation tissue was enucleated and the periradicular bony defect was grafted using PRF and hydroxyapatite bone graft. Results of 8 months has been reportedwhich showed satisfactory healing of the periapical pathosis. On the basis of the results obtained in our case report, we hypothesizethat the use of PRF in combination with hydroxyapatite bone graft in the treatment of periapical inflammatory lesion fastens the healing process.

Keywords: PRF,Hydroxyapatitebone graft, Inflammatory periapical lesion,Regeneration

[1]. Shivashankar, V.Y., Johns, D.A., Vidyanath, S. and Sam, G., 2013. Combination of platelet rich fibrin, hydroxyapatite and PRF membrane in the management of large inflammatory periapical lesion. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 16(3), p.261.

[2]. Singh, S., Singh, A., Singh, S. and Singh, R., 2013. Application of PRF in surgical management of periapical lesions. National journal of maxillofacial surgery, 4(1), p.94.

[3]. Demiralp, B., Keçeli, H.G., Muhtaroğulları, M., Serper, A., Demiralp, B. and Eratalay, K., 2004. Treatment of periapical inflammatory lesion with the combination of platelet-rich plasma and tricalcium phosphate: a case report. Journal of endodontics, 30(11), pp.796-800.

[4]. Abramovitz, I., Better, H., Shacham, A., Shlomi, B. and Metzger, Z., 2002. Case selection for apical surgery: a retrospective evaluation of associated factors and rational. Journal of endodontics, 28(7), pp.527-530.

[5]. Vaishnavi, C., Mohan, B. and Narayanan, L.L., 2011. Treatment of endodontically induced periapical lesions using hydroxyapatite, platelet-rich plasma, and a combination of both: An in vivo study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 14(2), p.140.

Abstract: Second trimester ultrasound scan is an important antenatal scan, which studies detailed anatomy of the fetus and identify the fetal structural anomalies and also in the management of fetal anomalies. Second trimester anatomy scan done during 18 to 22 weeks of gestation in our institution. A total of 163 second trimester ultrasound anomaly scan were done in the department of Radiodiagnosis, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital and Chennai, during the period from June 2017 to September 2017. Out of total 163 second trimester antenatal scans, abnormal USG findings detected in 26 patients. All patients with abnormal USG patients were followed up and findings were corroborated after delivery of baby or after MTP. Out of 26 pregnant women with abnormal USG findings, ten pregnant women had multiple abnormalities and 16 women had isolated abnormalities. Among isolated abnormal findings, renal system was more commonly involved. Few of pregnant women with important USG findings have been described in this article..

Keywords: Second trimester anomaly scan, Target scan, Holoprosencephaly, Cleft lip , palate, CPAM, Arnold Chiari malformation, Club foot, Posterior urethral valve.

[1]. Martínez-Frías, Egüés et al. Thanatophoric - dysplasia type II with encephalocele and semilobar holo- prosencephaly Am J Med - Genet 2011;155A(1):197–202.
[2]. Keaton AA, Solomon BD, van Essen AJ, et al. Holo- prosencephaly and ectrodactyly: report of three new patients and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2010;154C(1):170–175
[3]. Roessler , Muenke . The molecular genetics of holoprosencephaly. Am J Med Genet 2010;154C (1):52–61.
[4]. Hahn JS, Barnes PD. Neuroimaging advances in holo-prosencephaly: refining the spectrum of the midline malformation. Am J Med Genet 2010; 154C (1):120–132.
[5]. Metwalley Kalil , Fargalley . Holoprosencephaly in an Egyptian baby with ectro-dactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome: a case report. J Med Case Reports 2012;6(1).

Abstract: Objective:To assess the outcomes of intratympanic steroids in the management of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Method:A total of 55 patients with idiopathic sudden sen-sorineural hearing loss were included in our study. Pre- and post-injection audiograms were taken to assess the outcomes in improvement in hearing. Hearing outcomes were assessed with respect to duration of onset of treatment and age of the patient. Results A total of 55 patients were included in our study of which unilateral cases were 43 and bilateral cases were 8. .Overall, 29 patients (52.7%)showed improvement in PTA, 24 (43.8%) had no change in hearing, and 2 (3.5%) worsened. The mean PTA pre ITS was 62.7 and after ITS it was 56.3. Maximum improvement was noted at 2000 Hz and 1000 Hz...........

[1]. Deroee AF, Huang TC, Morita N, et al.Sudden hearing loss as the presenting symptom of systemic sclerosis. Otol Neurotol,2009, 30(3):277-293.
[2]. Browning GG. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a modest predictor of future stroke.Clin Otolaryngol,2009, 34(2): 157.
[3]. ３Lin HC, Chao PZ, Lee HC. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss increases the risk of stroke: a 5-year follow-up study. Stroke, 2008, 39(10): 2744-2748.
[4]. Capaccio P, Cuccarini V, Ottaviani F, et al. Prothrombotic gene mutations in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and cardiovascular thrombotic disease.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2009, 118(3): 205-210.
[5]. Yehudai D, Shoenfeld Y, Toubi E. The autoimmune charac⁃ teristics of progressive or sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Auto⁃ immunity, 2006, 39(2):153-158.

Abstract: Introduction: Observation of hyoid bone, which is uniquestructure in the body situated in the neck, in mechanical asphyxial deaths has a lot of medico legal importance. Most of the studies regarding hyoid bone are related to fractures of bone in cases of hanging, strangulation and throttling, but only very few of them have thrown light over incidence of ante mortem fractures and obscure fractures of hyoid bone. As there is much importance medico legally regarding the fractures of hyoid bone in cases of mechanical asphyxialdeaths. Aim of the present study was to see the fractures of hyoid bone in mechanical asphyxia deaths related to pressure over neck. Material and methods: A total of 126 hyoid bones in cases ofmechanical asphyxia deaths were examined in the present study to detect fractures.............

[1]. Peloquin CA: Pharmacology of the antimicrobial drugs. Med Clin North Am 1993,77(6):1253–1262
[2]. Espinal MA: The global situation of MDR-TB. Tuberculosis 2003, 83:44–51
[3]. deJager P, van Altena R: Hearing loss and nephrotoxicity in long term aminoglycoside treatment in patients with tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002,6(7):622–627
[4]. Ackerman BH, Bailie GR, Zaske DE: Aminoglycoside therapy: Improving patient response and safety. Postgrad Med 1984,75(2):177–86.
[5]. Chambers HenryF, SandeMerleA: The Aminoglycosides. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 9 Edition (Edited by: Goodman, Gilman's). McGraw-Hill, New York, USA 1996, 1103–1117.

Abstract: Aims and objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that primarily involves synovial joint, and secondarily involves various organ systems. Involvement of cardiovascular system is well known but the disease is mainly subclinical. The study was conducted to see the prevalence of various cardiovascular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis and correlate them with disease duration and severity. Material and methods:In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients of rheumatoid arthritis attending outpatient and inpatient department at Rajindra Hospital and Government Medical College, Patiala were included. They were thoroughly investigated for cardiovascular abnormalities............

Keywords: Echocardiography, ECG, Pericarditis, RA

[1]. Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK et al Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: part I. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:15–25.
[2]. Scott D.F, Wolfe F and Huizinga T. W. J. "Rheumatoid arthritis," The Lancet, 2010;376(9746):1094-108.
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[4]. Ross R. Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan14;340(2):115-26.
[5]. William JM, Michael HC, John HK, Nathan JZ, Robert AO.Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure and function in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1977;63:890–6..

Abstract: Intussusception is a rare entity in adults accounting for nearly 2 % cases of obstruction. The condition is more frequently encountered in pediatric population compared to adults. In small bowel most of the lead points are benign lesion whereas in large bowel percentage of malignant lead point is much more. We present a case of 43 year old lady who presented with colocolic intussusception. The patient presented with features of acute intestinal obstruction. On exploration proximal part of transverse colon was telescoping into distal one with intraluminal pedunculated fibrofatty tissue as a lead point. The present study discusses the role of colonoscopy and CECT in preoperative workup and the treatment modality of choice for management of such cases.

Keywords: Colocolic intussusception, submucosal lipoma, Colonoscopy.

[1]. Azar T, Berger DL. Adult intussusception. Ann Surg. 1997; 226: 134–138.

[2]. Michael J Zinner, Stanley W Ashley, Intussusception. In; Maingot's Abdominal Operations: 12th edition: The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 2013. p. 593-594.

[3]. Paškauskas S., Latkauskas T., Valeikaite G., et al. Colonic intussusception caused by colonic lipoma: a case report. Medicina. 2010; 46(7):477–481.

[4]. Arora R., Kumar A., Bansal V. Giant rectal lipoma. Abdominal Imaging. 2011; 36(5):545–547.

[5]. Nagorney DM, Sarr MG, McIlrath DC. Surgical management of intussusception in the adult. Ann Surg. 1981; 193:230–236

Abstract: Diabetic foot is one of the complications of diabetes, and is defined as a foot affected by ulceration that is associated with neuropathy and/or peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb in a patient with diabetes. Background: Diabetic foot -Clinical symptoms, management and its prevalence Methods: Wound Debridement with metabolic control, Revascularisation Results: More common in males and the most common management method is Wound Debridement with metabolic control.

[1]. Pendsey S. Diabetic Foot: A Clinical Atlas. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2003.

[2]. Bowering CK. Diabetic foot ulcers: Pathophysiology, assessment, and therapy. Can Fam Physician. 2001;47:1007–16.

[3]. Clayton W, Elasy TA. A review of pathophysiology, classification and treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. Clin diabetes. 2009;27:52–8.

[4]. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Nixon BP, Boulton AJ. It's not what you put on but what you take off: Techniques for debriding and off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:S92–9.

[5]. Armstrong DG, Nguyen HC, Lavery LA, van Schie CH, Boulton AJ, Harkless LB. Off – loading the diabetic foot wound. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1019–22.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly serious public health problem all over the world. Resistance rates have more than doubled in the past 5 years. Periodontists are notorious in prescribing antibiotics after routine periodontal therapy that has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to evaluate the need of antibiotics in periodontal surgeries in countering postsurgical complication. METHODOLOGY: The patients who were undergoing periodontal surgery were included in the study and were randomly divided into two categories: Group A (antibiotic), and Group B (no antibiotics). Patients were followed up for 1 and 2 weeks after surgery and were evaluated for pain, swelling, infection, delayed wound healing. RESULT: Assessment of postoperative infections was done after 1 and 2 weeks following the periodontal surgical procedure. It was observed that there was no significant difference in the post- operative outcome in both the groups. CONCLUSION: The decision to administer antibiotic therapy following periodontal surgery must be case and patient specific...

key words: Antibiotics, Periodontitis

[1]. Plantinga NL, Wittekamp BHJ, van Duijn PJ, Bonten MJM. Fighting antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit using antibiotics. Future Microbiol. 2015;10(3):391-406. doi:10.2217/fmb.14.146.
[2]. Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000. 1997;14:216-248.
[3]. Powell CA, Mealey BL, Deas DE, McDonnell HT, Moritz AJ. Post-surgical infections: prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical procedures. J Periodontol. 2005;76(3):329-333. doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.329.
[4]. Abu-Ta'a M, Quirynen M, Teughels W, van Steenberghe D. Asepsis during periodontal surgery involving oral implants and the usefulness of peri-operative antibiotics: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35(1):58-63. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01162.x.
[5]. Ariaudo AA. The efficacy of antibiotics in periodontal surgery: a controlled study with lincomycin and placebo in 68 patients. J Periodontol. 1969;40(3):150-154. doi:10.1902/jop.1969.40.3.150.

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that mainly affects joints. The cause of RA is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Family history of RA increases the risk around three to five times. Smoking, Caucasianpopulations, increasing risk of RA.Periodontal disease has been associated with RA.Disease progresses as phase 1,non-specific inflammation to phase 2, amplification in the synovium to phase 3 or chronic inflammation. RA primarily affects joint, rheumatoid nodule in the skin, lung fibrosis, atherosclerosis and risk of myocardial infarction. Diagnosis includes X-rays and imaging, laboratory tests, using diagnostic criteria, and excluding other medical conditions. There is no cure for RA,treatment can improve symptoms and slow the progress of the disease, change in lifestyle, regular exercise and use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs.........

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Risk factors, Inflammation, Pain medication Lifestyle.

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[2]. Paget Stephen A,LockshinMichealD,LoeblSuzanne.The Hospital for Special Surgery Rheumatism Arthritis Handbook Everything You Need to Know.(http:/books.google.com/books?id=akac0yQrnKkC&pg=PA32).New York John Wiley & Sons.p.32.ISBN9780471223344.
[3]. GBD 2015 Disease and injury Incidence and Prevalence,CollaboratorsGlobal, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries,1990-2015:a systematic analysis for Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.Lancet.2016;388(10053):1545-1602.
[4]. Smolen Josef S,AletahaDaniel,McInnesIainB.Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016; 388(10055):2023-38.
[5]. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death,Collaborators.Global regional and national age-sex specific all- cause and cause specific mortality/for 240 causes of death,1990-2013: a systematic analysis for Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.Lancet.2014;385(9963):117-71

Abstract: Introduction Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible condition with vasogenic cerebral edema as amain pathological feature. Lesion mainly involves posterior part of cerebrum with wide range ofsymptoms ranging from headache,seizure,altered mental status, nausea, vision loss etc. Aim To study the clinical and radiological features of PRES. Material And Methods A prospective study was conducted in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College,Jaipur with 15 cases from June 2017-December 2017. Results..........

key words: PRES, hypertension, occipital

[1]. Fugate JE1, Claassen DO, Cloft HJ, Kallmes DF, Kozak OS, Rabinstein AA.Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: associated clinical and radiologic findings, Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 May;85(5):427-32. [2]. Raroque HG Jr1, Orrison WW, Rosenberg GA.Neurologic involvement in toxemia of pregnancy: reversible MRI lesions.1990 Jan;40(1):167-9.
[3]. Pedraza R, Marik PE, Varon J. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A review.Crit Care Shock 2009;12:135-43.
[4]. Bartynski WS, Boardman JF, Zeigler ZR, Shadduck RK ,Lister J. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in infection, sepsis ,and shock. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:2179-90.

[5]. Okamoto K1, Motohashi K, Fujiwara H, Ishihara T, Ninomiya I, Onodera O, Fujii Y[PRES: Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome].2017 Feb;69(2):129-141.

Abstract: Background: The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been used to gauge the use of information technology (IT) in healthcare. Incrementally, dentists and dental students of developing nations have been using IT through patient management software. Materials and methods: With a response rate of the participants at 100%, composed of 90 junior and senior dental interns, selected through purposive sampling, this cross-sectional survey gauged the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of a dental patient management software in a dental school in the Philippines. This survey utilized a standardized questionnaire after the participants were made to use the software. Results: The dental students perceived the dental patient management software to be quite useful (wm=5.99) and extremely easy to use (wm=6.22). A significant........

key words: dental education, dental school,patient management software, Philippines,technology acceptance model

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Abstract: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)is separation of neurosensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium with accumulation of subretinal fluid within the potential space in between. RRD is caused by a full thickness break in the neurosensory retina which initiates separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Vitreous synresis needs to be there foe seepage of SRF and detachment.Majority of RRD cases are caused by more than one retinal break which needs to be kept in mind for appropriate surgical management. Myopia,peripheral retinal degenerations, PVD, ocular trauma, previous cataract surgery are important predisposing factors. Patients may have RRD or break or lattice in the fellow eye representing an important risk of bilateral visual loss.The surgical repair of RRD can reverse many of the pathological changes noted during retinal detachment, although the functional prognosis depends in the status of the macua and duration of detachment1. Wolfensberger...........

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