iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2018

Abstract: Background: Health Care Associated Infection (HCAI) are the most frequent adverse event in health care delivery worldwide. Poor knowledge and lack of basic infection control measures by the health care workers has been identified as one of the many causes. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the perception and knowledge of health care worker on HCAI and hand hygiene. Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out among staff nurses working in King George Hospital in Visakhapatnam city. A sample of 129 Staff nurses who have direct contact with patients on a daily basis were considered. Study tools include WHO questionnaire on Perception Survey and Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire for Health-Care Workers. Results: Eighty sevenstudy participants.........

Keywords: Hand Hygiene, Health Care Associated Infections(HCAI). Health Care Worker (HCW).

[1]. WHO fact sheet on Patient safety –a world alliance for safer health carewww.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en.pdf, www.who.int/features/factfiles/patient_safety/en/
[2]. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: A practical guide. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002:64. [3]. B. Allegranzi, Md, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, Md,Christophe Combescure, Phd,Wilco Graafmans, Phd, Burden Of Endemic Health-Care-Associated Infection In Developing Countries: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Volume 377,No.9761,P228-241,15 Jan2011
[4]. B. Allegranzi, D. Pittet; Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention; Journal of Hospital Infection (2009) 73, 305e315
[5]. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care: first global patient safety challenge. Clean care is safer care. World Health Organization. 2009

Abstract: Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of root canal treatments and coronal restorations and to associate them with periapical status. Materials and method: 79 panoramic radiographs were analyzed, with 234 teeth identified with endodontic treatment, thus constituting the study group. The radiographs monitored the status of the teeth treated endodontically by means of the periapical index scoring system (PAI). The data were statistically analyzed with the SPSS Statistics IBM-trial version. Results: Of the 234 teeth evaluated, 69.6% had radiographic signs of periapical lesions (PAI>2). Only 9.82% of endodontically treated teeth (n = 234) showed the.........

Keywords: apical periodontitis, coronal restauration, endodontics, radiology, root fillings .

[1]. M.Goldman, AH Pearson, N Darzenta, Endodontic success- who‟s reading the radiograph Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972; 33:432-7.
[2]. M.Ahlqwist, A. Halling, L.Hollender, Rotational panoramic radiography in epidemiological studies of dental health. Swedish Dental Journal 1986; 10: 79-84.
[3]. A.H. Muhammed, L.R Manson-Hing, A comparison of panoramic and intraoral radiographic surveys in evaluating a dental clinic population. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1982; 54(1):108–117.
[4]. B. Molander, M. Ahlqvist, H-G Gröndahl., Image quality in panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 1994; 24: 17-22.
[5]. B. Molander, M. Ahlqwist, H-G. Gröndahl., Panoramic and restrictive intraoral radiography in comprehensive oral radiographic diagnosis. European Journal of Oral Science 1995; 103: 191-8..

Abstract: Electrolyte abnormalities occur in a variety of conditions and may remain unrecognized and result in morbidity and mortality irrespective of the primary problem. We studied the pattern of electrolyte abnormalities and their outcome in hospitalized children. To study the pattern of electrolyte abnormalities in children admitted to pediatric emergency and intensive care units with underlying medical illness. This was institution based, prospective observational study which was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health from March 1, 2017 to September30, 2017. Among 384 children 173 (45.1%) developed electrolyte abnormalities. Among the total study subjects 89 (23.2%) developed hyponatremia and 64 (16.7%) hypernatremia. Hypokalemia was observed in 85 children (22.1%), hyperkalemia in 43 children (11.2%). The most common cause...........

Keywords: electrolyte, emergency unit, intensive care unit, tertiary

[1]. Rees L, Webb N.J.A, Brogan P.A. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Handbook in pediatric nephrology, Oxford University Press, 2007, P82-103
[2]. Larry A. Greenbaun. Composition of body fluids and fluid therapy. Nelson textbook of pediatrics 20th edn. Kleigman et al eds. Saunder Elsevier, Philadelphia. P 346-369.
[3]. Shimelis D. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Handbook on the management of pediatric renal problems in Ethiopia. AAU publisher, 2011; P18-47.
[4]. Lee J. W. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances in Critically Ill Patients. Electrolyte Blood Press 2010; 8:72-81
[5]. Balcı A. K, Koksal O, Kose A, Armagan E, Ozdemir F, Inal T,et.al. General characteristics of patients with electrolyte imbalance admitted to emergency department. World J Emerg Med, 2011; 4 (2): 113-16.

Abstract: We report the case of a 59-year old female patient presented in RIMS ENT-OPD with the chief complaints of bilateral swellings on the left and right side of the neck. Imaging studies revealed multiple nodular lesions in the parotids with involvement of deep lobe. Both the superficial and deep lobes were involved. Subsequently, a biopsy confirmed the presence of an oncocytoma. The patient was treated with total parotidectomyon right side, which was performed 1 year back and on left side 2 months back. At present, the patient is disease free and has no complications.

Key Words: Computed tomography, Parotid gland, Swelling, Oncocytoma

[1]. Sepulvedaa I, Platínc E, Spencerd L, Mucientesd P, Frelinghuysene P, Ulloag OD. Oncocytoma of the parotid gland: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Oncol 2014;7:109–16.
[2]. Sarma DP, Santos EE. Oncocytoma of the parotid gland. Ear Nose Throat J 2009;88(5):914.
[3]. Capone RB, Ha PK, Westra WH, Pilkington TM, Sciubba JJ, Koch WM, et al. Oncocytic neoplasms of the parotid gland: a 16-year institutional review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002,126:657-62.
[4]. Araki Y, Sakaguchi R. Synchronousoncocytoma and Warthin'stumor in the ipsilateralparotidgland. Auris Nasus Larynx 2004;31:73-8.
[5]. Shellenberger TD, Williams MD, Clayman GL, Kumar AJ. Parotid gland oncocytosis: CT findingswithhistopathologiccorrelation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:734-6..

Abstract: Cholecystogastric fistula is a rare but possible complication of cholelithiasis. Symptoms of cholecystogastric fistula are usually minimal and/or non-specific, and preoperative diagnostic tools often fail to show such a rare condition, hence diagnosis is often achieved intraoperatively. We report a case of 54 year old female presented to us with complaints of right upper abdomen pain. Provisional diagnosis of cholelithiasis was made and intraoperatively a cholecystogastric fistula was found for which cholecystectomy and primary repair of gastric opening of the fistula was done. Post-operative stay of patient was uneventful and patient was discharged successfully.Cholecystogastric fistula is a rare entity which requires a high degree of suspicion to diagnose it preoperatively. Even if it is diagnosed intraoperatively, it can be managed appropriately with surgery.

Keywords: Cholecystogastric fistula, cholelithiasis

[1]. AngrisaniL,CorcioneF,TartagliaA et al.Cholecystoenteric fistula (CF) is not a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery, SurgEndosc.2001;15:1038-41. [2]. Glenn F, Reed C, Grafe WR.Biliary enteric fistula.SurgGynecol Obstet.1981;153:527-31.
[3]. Arvanitidis D, Anagnostopoulos GK, Tsiakos S, Margantinis G, Kostopoulos P.Cholecystocolic fistula demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography. Postgrad Med J.2004;80:526..

Abstract: External apical root resorption is one of the most common iatrogenic sequelae of orthodontic treatment. It is destruction of the cementum or dentin by cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity; it may result in the shortening or blunting of the root. However orthodontically induced root resorption is multifactorial in nature. The current studies have focused on the factors that may cause or affect root resorption occurring during orthodontic treatment and possible means for limiting apical root resorption. This review aims to highlight the main coordinates of risk issues of root resorption in orthodontics.Treatment and patient factors that have traditionally been investigated are discussed, along with the results of current research in this area.

Keywords: Root resorption, EARR, OIIRR.

[1]. Scheibel PC, Ramos AL, Iwaki LCV, Micheletti KR. Analysis of correlation between initial alveolar bone density and apical root resorption after 12 months of orthodontic treatment without extraction. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 2014;19(5):97-102.
[2]. Zahrowski J, Jeske A. Apical root resorption is associated with comprehensive orthodontic treatment but not clearly dependent on prior tooth characteristics or orthodontic techniques. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142:66-8.

[3]. Lupi JE, Handelman CS, Sadowsky C. Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption and alveolar bone loss in orthodontically treated adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:28-37.
[4]. Weltman B, Vig KWL, Fields HW, Shanker S, Kaizare EE.Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;137:462-76
[5]. Guo Y, He S, Gu T, Liu Y, Chen S. Genetic and clinical risk factors of root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016 Aug;150(2):283-9...

Abstract: Objective: To determine the efficacy of oral zinc supplementation in reducing incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and level of serum total bilirubin (STB) during the first week of life in full-term and near-term high risk neonates in comparison with placebo. Method: We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on 100 neonates born at ≥35 weeks of gestation with STB ≥5 mg/dl at 24 ± 6 hours of age. They were administered either 10 mg zinc acetate syrup (zinc group) or placebo (control group) in twice daily doses till day 7 of life. Incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (STB ≥15 mg/dl) anytime between day 2 to 7 of life and mean STB levels on day 7 of age were compared between the two groups. Results: Incidence of........

Keywords: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, Oral zinc, Serum total bilirubin.

[1] Narang A, Gathwala G, Kumar P. Neonatal jaundice: An analysis of 551 cases, Indian pediatric 1997; 34:429-432.
[2] Maisels MJ, Gifford K, Antle CE et al. Jaundice in the healthy newborn infant: a new approach to an old problem, Pediatrics 1988; 81(4):505-11.
[3] Gourley GR. Bilirubin metabolism and kernicterus, Adv Pediatr 1997; 44: 173-229.
[4] Bhutani VK, Johnson L, Sivieri EM. Prediction abilility of predischarge serum bilirubin for subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns, Pediatrics 1999; 103:6-14.
[5] Seidman DS, Ergaz Z, Revel-Vilk S, et al. The use of bilirubin measurements on the first day of life for prediction of neonatal jaundice. In: program and abstracts of the ross special conference, hot topics '96 in neonatology. columbus, oh: professional services department, ross products division, abbott laboratories; 1996:284–294..

Abstract: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), is sudden onset (within 1-10 days) of weakness and floppiness in any part of the body in a child less than 15 years age. There are many conditions leading to AFP, poliomyelitis was one of the most important differential diagnoses in the past. The diagnoses most often confused with polio are Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis, traumatic paralysis and sometimes other neurotropic viruses like Rabies, Japanese encephalitis, metabolic disorder like hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and tumours should also be considered in evaluation of AFP. The possibility of polio should be considered in any case of AFP. WHO has established standards........

[1]. Marx A, Glass JD, Suzer RW. Differential Diagnosis of Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Its Role in Poliomyelitis Surveillance. Epidemiol Rev 2000;22(2):298-316.
[2]. Growdon JH, Fink JS. Paralysis and movement disorder. In: Isselbacher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson JD, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill Book Company, 1994:115-25.
[3]. Field Guide for Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases 2010; Government of India/ World Health Organization.
[4]. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative 2010 (http://www.polioeradication.org/Mediaroom/ NewsleƩerPolioNews.aspx/).
[5]. World Health Organization/mediacentre/factsheet N114 November 2010 (http://www.who.int/ entity/mediacentre/en); UNICEF India...

Abstract: Introduction. Twenty years ago prospective randomised controlled trials were initiated to compare conservative breast surgery plus radiation with radical mastectomy in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. The results have shown no survival advantage for mastectomy over breast-conserving therapy (BCT). However, local recurrence of cancer after BCT has been reported to be as high as 14%, necessitating salvage mastectomy. Methods. This retrospective study was performed on 102 breast cancer patients undergoing BCT in the 6 years up to August 2018. Resection and intraoperative cytological assessment were used to achieve clear excision margins. Adjuvant therapy (hormones, chemotherapy) was undertaken, and the incidence and times of local recurrence and distant metastases were recorded. Results. Fifty eight per cent of patients had clear margins at the initial operation. This..........

Keywords: BCS, breast carcinoma, recurrence

[1]. Fisher B, Anderson S, Redmond CK, et al. Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1195; 333: 1456-1461.
[2]. Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mascani L, et al. Twenty year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1227-1232.
[3]. Fortin A, Larochelle M, Laverdière J, et al. Local failure is responsible for the decrease in survival for patients with breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 101- 109.
[4]. Anscher MS, Jones P, Prosnitz LR, et al. Local failure and margin status in early-stage breast carcinoma treated with conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Ann Surg 1993; 18(1): 22-28.
[5]. Voogd AC. Local recurrence after breast conservation therapy for early stage breast carcinoma. Detection treatment and outcome in 266 patients. Cancer 1999; 85: 437-446....

Abstract: Background: The metabolic syndrome(MetS), a cardiometabolic risk clustering is of public health significance. Diagnosing and managing the metabolic syndrome is beneficial for healthy ageing. There is little information in South India regarding MetS. The purpose of the study was to determine its prevalence in Overweight/ Obese elderly and its components. Methods: Elderly obese/overweight patients aged more than 60 years admitted at our hospital were included. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria was used to diagnose MetS. Relevant data was collected and analysed. Results: Elderly obese/ overweight, 100 inpatients were included in the study. The prevalence of MetS in our study was 92%. Females (56%) were higher than males (44%). Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with...........

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, IDF, Elderly, Obesity/Overweight

[1]. K. Denys, M. Cankurtaran, W. Janssens, M. Petrovic. Metabolic syndrome in the elderly: An overview of the evidence. Acta Clinica Belgica, 2009;64-1
[2]. Deedwania PC, Gupta R.Management issues in the metabolic syndrome.
[3]. J Assoc Physicians India 2006, 54:797-810.
[4]. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640-45.
[5]. Facchini FS, Hua N, Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance as a predictor of age-related diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3574-8..

Abstract: Aim: The timing of the appearance of different types of sulci in a foetus is so precise that neuropathologists consider gyration to be a reliable estimate of gestational age and consequently a good marker of fetal brain maturation. The aim of this study is to provide a standard of reference that can be used to assess normality of fetal sulcation. Materials & Methods : Foetal MRI of 74 ultrasonically labelled normal fetuses of gestational age 22 to 36 weeks is done using standard turbo spin echo sequence (HASTE) by focussing on Foetal brain . Assessment of cerebral sulcation is then done by two experienced radiologists having blinded from gestational age of the foetuses . Total of 17 sulci are analysed e in an orderly manner starting from sulci present in medial cerebral surface,followed by ventral cerebral surface and then............

Keywords: Foetal MRI , Sulcal Development , Foetal Brain ,Normal Sulcation,,in utero MR , Foetal Brain Maturation

[1]. Rolo LC, Araujo Junior E, Nardozza LM, de Oliveira PS, Ajzen SA, Moron AF. Development of fetal brain sulci and gyri: assessment through two and three-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Arch GynecolObstet 2011; 283:149–158.
[2]. Chi JG, Dooling EC, Gilles FH. Gyral development of the human brain.AnnNeurol 1977; 1:86–93.
[3]. Garel, Catherine, et al. "Fetal cerebral cortex: normal gestational landmarks identified using prenatal MR imaging." American Journal of Neuroradiology22.1 (2001): 184-189.
[4]. Barkovich A, Rowley H, Bollen A, et al: Correlation of prenatal events with the development of polymicrogyria. Am J Neuroradiol 16:822-827, 1995 .
[5]. Sonigo P, Rypens F, Carteret M, et al: MR imaging of fetal cerebral anomalies. PediatriRadiol 28:212-222, 1998.

Abstract: Aims and objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that primarily involves synovial joint, and secondarily involves various organ systems. Involvement of cardiovascular system is well known but the disease is mainly subclinical. The study was conducted to see the prevalence of various cardiovascular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis and correlate them with disease duration and severity. Material and methods:In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients of rheumatoid arthritis attending outpatient and inpatient department at Rajindra Hospital and Government Medical College, Patiala were included. They were thoroughly investigated for cardiovascular abnormalities..........

Keywords: Echocardiography, ECG, Pericarditis, RA

[1]. Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK et al Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: part I. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:15–25.
[2]. Scott D.F, Wolfe F and Huizinga T. W. J. "Rheumatoid arthritis," The Lancet, 2010;376(9746):1094-108.
[3]. Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Turesson C Gabriel SE, Matteson EL, Incidence of extraarticular rheumatoid arthritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1995-2007 versus 1985-1994:a population based study. J Rheumatol 2011;38:983.
[4]. Ross R. Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan14;340(2):115-26.
[5]. William JM, Michael HC, John HK, Nathan JZ, Robert AO.Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure and function in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1977;63:890–6.

Abstract: Radial tunnel syndrome is characterized by pain along the course of posterior interosseous nerve in the upper part of anterior aspect of forearm in the cubital fossa. But the diagnosis of radial tunnel syndrome is difficult because of its close association with lateral epicondylitis. In this study the course of posterior interosseous nerve is studied in 58 formalin fixed upper limb specimens by applying the Rule of Nine test and the results were noted. Out of 29 right upper limb specimens, the posterior interosseous nerve traversed through lateral column in 23 specimens and in middle column in 6 specimens. In the remaining 29 left upper limb specimens also the same results were noted. On conclusion the prevalence of orientation of posterior interosseous nerve is comparatively higher in lateral columns than the middle columns. Hence the knowledge of the course of posterior interosseous nerve helps the clinician to identify the exact site of tenderness in the radial tunnel syndrome.

Keywords: Rule of Nine test, Radial tunnel syndrome, posterior interosseous nerve.

[1]. Standring S. Gray's Anatomy, 38thedn. Nervous system, ELBS. Elsevier: Churchill Livingstone, 2005; 1266 – 74.
[2]. Data A K. Essentials of human Anatomy, 4thedn. Superior and inferior extremities, surface anatomy, current books international: Kolkata, 2009; 264.
[3]. Romanes G J. Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy. Vol. 1, 15thedn, New york, Oxford medical publication press Inc. 2011: 74-75, 93-4.
[4]. Loh Y C, Lam W L et al. A new clinical test for radial tunnel syndrome – the Rule of Nine test: A cadaveric study, Journal of orthopaedic surgery, 2004; 12(1): 83-86.
[5]. Loh Y C, Stanley JK, Jari S, Trail IA: Neuroma of the distal posterior interossoeus nerve. A cause of iatrogenic wrist pain, J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998; 80: 629-39..

Abstract: Periodontal disease is an irreversible infectious disease which causes progressive destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth as a result of plaque accumulation and is manifested as local inflammation of the periodontium. Currently, two main forms of destructive periodontal disease are recognized, chronic and aggressive periodontitis (Armitage 1999)1. Mounting a significant level of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies has been considered important in preventing periodontal destruction in patients with aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis (formerly adult periodontitis). Most research has focused on the immune response to specific periodontal pathogens, thus there is little information about the general serum levels of IgG in patients with periodontitis, and studies that have been done report diverse results. Although no differences in the total IgG levels were found between patients and controls with chronic periodontitis and............

[1]. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol1999; 4(1):1-6.
[2]. Fredrikssson MI, Figueredo CMS, Gustafsson A, Bergstrom KG, Asman BE. Effect of Periodontitis and Smoking on blood leucocytes and acute phase proteins. J Periodontol1999; 70:1355-1360.
[3]. Loos BG et al. Elevation of systemic markers related to Cardiovascular Diseases in the peripheral blood of Periodontitis patients. J Periodontol2000; 71:1528-1534.
[4]. Wilton JM et al. Elevated levels of the IgG2 subclass in serum from patients with a history of destructive periodontal disease. A case–control study. J ClinPeriodontol 1992; 19, 318–321.
[5]. Fahey JL, McKelvey EM. Quantitative Determination of Serum Immunoglobulins in Antibody-Agar Plates. J Immunol1965; 94:84-90...

Abstract: Background: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases in the world caused by a single nucleotide substitution (GTG - GAG) and is located at the sixth codon of the human-globin gene. Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to study hematological profile in sickle cell patient and compare hematological profile in sickle cell traits with sickle cell disease patient Materials and Methods: This study is an observational study done in 70 sickle cell patients in steady state, at Acharya VinobaBhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, MaharashtraIndia. The complete blood counts (CBC) were analyzed using the Automated Coulter Counter & Sickling pattern were identified on Hbelectrophoresis, at a pH of 8.6oncellulose acetatepaper. Results: Haemoglobin concentration and the MCV was...........

Keywords: Sickle Cell Anaemia; Complete Blood Counts (CBC); Blood Indices.

[1]. Darghouth D, Koehl B, Madalinski G, Heilier JF, Bovee P, Xu Y, et al. Pathophysiology of sickle cell disease is mirrored by the red blood cell metabolome. Blood 2011;117:e57-66.
[2]. Nsiah K, Dzogbefia VP, Ansong D, Boateng H, Ocloo D, Osei-Frempong E, et al. The incidence of malaria and the comparison of hematological and biochemical indices of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitemic and aparasitemic sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2010;32:e197-207.
[3]. Ahmed SG, BukarAA, Bashir J. Hematological Indices of Sickle Cell Tuberculosis in Northern Nigeria. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Disease 2010;2:1-5.
[4]. Ibe EO, Ezeoke ACJ, Emeodi I, Akubugwo EI, Elekwa E, Ugonabo MC, et al. Electrolyte profile and prevalent causes of sickle cell crisis in Enugu, Nigeria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 2009;3:370-4.
[5]. Agoreyo FO, Nwanze N. Plasma sodium and potassium changes in sickle cell patients. International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology 2010;2:14-9....

Abstract: Major advances have been made in the field of bioceramics used for endodontic treatment. Bioceramics are biocompatible in nature and have excellent physico- chemical properties. They can function as cements, root repair materials, root canal sealers and filling materials, which have the advantages of antibacterial properties and better sealing ability. These materials have overcome certain limitations of earlier endodontic materials. This article reviews the properties of two most commonly used bioceramic materials: Biodentine and MTA and the application of the same.

Keywords: Bioceramics, Biodentine, MTA.

[1]. Jitaru, S., Hodisan, I., Timis, L., Lucian, A. and Bud, M., 2016. The use of bioceramics in endodontics-literature review. Clujul Medical, 89(4), p.470
[2]. Kaur, M., Singh, H., Dhillon, J.S., Batra, M. and Saini, M., 2017. MTA versus Biodentine: Review of Literature with a Comparative Analysis. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 11(8), p.ZG0
[3]. Alghamdi, M.A., 2017. Bioceramic in Endodontics–A Critical Assessment of Old and New Technologies. EC Microbiology, 10, pp.169-176.
[4]. Macwan, C. and Deshpande, A., 2014. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in dentistry: A review of literature. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 6(2), p.71.
[5]. Tawil, P.Z., Duggan, D.J. and Galicia, J.C., 2015. MTA: A Clinical Review. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, NJ: 1995), 36(4), p.247....

Abstract: Dental plaque is the best indicator for the oral hygiene. If we do not have satisfactory oral hygiene, there is high plaque index. DMFT index measures the prevalence of dental caries. Aim: The aim of our survey is to assess the oral health status among students in the dorm. Material and Methods: For the realization of this survey were included 100 students from the dorm "Oaza" in Stip, Macedonia. Among the students, examinations were made, where it was determined the condition of the teeth and plaque index. Results: Mean value for sOHi was 1.42. More than half of the students maintain good oral hygiene, but they should take adequate measures to promote their oral hygiene. It was determined unsatisfied level of oral hygiene among fourteen percent of the students. DMFT index the mean value was 15.46. Twenty percent of students had DMFT index higher than 20. Forty-seven percent................

Keywords: DMFT index, Dormitories, sOH index, Students, Oral hygiene

[1] Parker J. Does Living Near Classmates Help Introductory Students Get Better Grades? Journal of Public Economics 2006; 9(90):1455-75.

[2] Grzenia M. McGaan M. Oral Hygiene is Important Among College Students ―Clean what's unseen—improve your oral hygiene!‖ COMM 2012; 2(339):1-17.

[3] Jain M. Singh A. Sharma A. Relationship of Perceived Stress and Dental Caries among Pre University Students in Bangalore City. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014, 8(11):131-4.

[4] Gharib DSH. Rashed HJH. Oral hygiene status among Dental Students of School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2015; 9(14): 66-69.

[5] Amith HV. Audrey MD. Sahima S. Shanima. Shazmi HD. Sheik MM. et al. Oral hygiene practices among paramedical staff of a private dental institution in India. 206 RSBO 2013; 10:205-10...