iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2018

Abstract: Current obstetric practice strives to avoid difficult vaginal deliveries. Digital vaginal examination remains the "gold standard" for identifying the fetal head station and it is highly subjective, experience dependent and has poor reproducibility in determining the position of the fetal head particularly when it is associated with caput succedaneum and asynclitism. Failure of descent is one of the most common indications for performance of surgical deliveries. With advances in ultrasound technology intrapartum transperineal ultrasound has been used to study the progress of labour and to predict vaginal delivery. This removes the problems of poor reproducibility and the difficulties associated with caput and moulding. The aim of our study is to correlate the fetal head station determined by intrapartum transperineal ultrasound and fetal head station determined by digital vaginal examination during full dilation of cervix.

Keywords: Digital vaginal examination, Fetal head station, Transperineal ultrasound

[1]. Dupuis.o, Silveina. R, Zenter A, Birth simulator: Reliability of transvaginal assessment of fetal head station as defined by AICOG 2005.
[2]. Buchmann E – Interobserver agreement in intrapartum estimation if fetal haed station, International Journal of gynaecology and obstetrics, 2008.
[3]. T. Ghi, Diagnosis of station and rotation of the fetal head in the second stage of labour with intrapartum translabial ultrasound, J ultrasound obstetrics and gynaecology, 2009.
[4]. B Tutschek, T Braun, A study of progress of labour using intrapartum translabial ultrasound, assessing head station, direction and angle of descent. 2010.
[5]. Lewin D, Sdoul G, Beuret T, Measuring the height of a cephalic presentation: an objective measurement of station, Europe journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1977.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to review the management ofsymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum and patent vitello-intestinalduct (PVID) in children. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included children whounderwent exploratorylaparotomy for the management of symptomaticMeckel'sdiverticulum and PVID between Jan 1, 2012 to Dec 31, 2016. Results: During last 5 years, 16 (14 boys and 2 girls) childrenwere treated for symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum and PVID under 14 years were n=14(87.5%) boys and n=2 (22.5%) girls with a male to female ratio of 7:1. Six (37.5%) were infants, 4 (25%) were 1 to 5 years and 6 (37.5%) were 6 to 14years of age. Conclusions: Symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum and PVID isalso an important cause of acute abdomen / intestinal obstructionin infants and children and delay in seeking treatment is not onlyassociated with morbidity but prone to mortality as well..

Keywords: meckel's diverticula, intestinal obstruction, gut gangrene, perforation peritonitis

[1]. Yahchouchy EK, Marano AF, Etienne JC, Fingerhut AL. Meckel's diverticulum.J Am Coll Surg. 2001; 192: 658-662.
[2]. Ruscher KA, Fisher JN, Hughes CD, Neff S, Lerer TJ, Hight DW, et al. National trends in the surgical management of Meckel's diverticulum. J Pediatr Surg. 2011; 46: 893-896.
[3]. Nath DS, Morris TA. Small bowel obstruction in an adolescent: a case of Meckel's diverticulum. Minn Med 2004 Nov;87(11):46-48
[4]. Prall RT, Bannon MP, Bharucha AE. Meckel's diverticulum causing intestinal obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;96(12):3426-3427.
[5]. Thurley PD, Halliday KE, Somers JM, Al-Daraji WI, Ilyas M, Broderick NJ.Radiological features of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications. ClinRadiol. 2009; 64: 109-118.

Abstract: Background: Village Health and Nutrition Day (VHND) has been observed in India as well as West Bengal. Objectives: The aim was to study quality of VHND sessions in North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal. Methodology: The descriptive, observational study was conducted in all 12 blocks of North 24 Parganas Health District. Two Sub-Centers from each Block were selected by simple random sampling. Interview of ANMs of total 24 VHND sessions were carried out by using semi-structured interview schedule. Epi-info (6 version) has been used to analyze the data. Results: All VHND sessions held according to micro-plan (100%) (n=24). Beneficiaries had been mobilized to session sites by ANM, 2nd ANM, ASHA and AWW in 04% (1), 25% (6), 17% (4) and 54% (13) sites respectively. Four key messages were being given to the beneficiaries in 75% (18) of VHND session sites; Due list available with ASHA/AWW was 88% (21). Conclusion: Continuous monitoring & supportive supervision in all levels, training of health workers, reallocation & infrastructure development may help in organizing quality VHND..

Keywords: Quality, VHND, ANM

[1]. SRS report, 2004-2006 (http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Bulletins/Final-MMR%20Bulletin-2007-09_070711.pdf)
[2]. NFHS 3 report, 2005-2006 (http://www.wakeuppune.org/site/uploads/NFHS%20summary%20report-%20FINAL%2007.doc
[3]. USAID CARE, December 2010, Nutrition and Health Day
[4]. Revised guidelines, West Bengal Health 2010
[5]. http://mail.wbhealth.gov.in/src/read_body.php?mailbox=INBOX&pas…6/20/2012 5:23PM Report of the Working Group on National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) for the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017)

Abstract: Cataract is a significant cause of visual disability in the pediatric population worldwide and can significantly impact the neurobiological development of a child. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is critical to prevent irreversible amblyopia. Thorough ocular evaluation, including the onset, duration, and morphology of a cataract, is essential to determine the timing for surgical intervention. Detailed assessment of the general health of the child, preferably in conjunction with a pediatrician, is helpful to rule out any associated systemic condition. Although pediatric cataracts have a diverse etiology, with the majority being idiopathic, genetic counseling and molecular testing should be undertaken with the help of a genetic counselor and/or geneticist in cases of hereditary cataracts.......

Keywords: children, pediatric cataract,infantile cataract, aphakia, pseudophakia

[1]. Foster A, Gilbert C, Rahi J. Epidemiology of cataract in childhood: a global perspective. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23 Suppl 1:601–604.
[2]. Holmes JM, Leske DA, Burke JP, Hodge DO. Birth prevalence of visually significant infantile cataract in a defined US population. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2003;10(2):67–74.
[3]. Stayte M, Reeves B, Wortham C. Ocular and vision defects in preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77(4):228–232.
[4]. Lee KA, Park MH, Kim YJ, Chun SH. Isolated congenital hereditary cataract in a dizygotic twin: prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013;16(5):994–997.
[5]. Vasavada AR, Raj SM, Nihalani B. Rate of axial growth after congenital cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(6):915–924.

Abstract: The incidence of injuries to the maxillofacial skeleton has shown a progressive rise owing to increase in the road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence and sports injuries. Management of these injuries warrants a comprehensive assessment and meticulous management for successful surgical outcomes. Also, concern needs to be shown for preserving the cosmetics of the patient as the injuries are in the facial region. Early restoration of the form and function of the patient will ensure early restoration to good health. This article compares the management of fractures of angle region of mandible via intraoral approach and extraoral approach.

[1]. A Review of Mandibular Angle Fractures; Ramiro Perez, John C. Oeltjen and Seth R. Thaller.
[2]. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2011 Jun; 4(2): 69–72.
[3]. Mandibular third molars as a risk factor for angle fractures: a retrospective study; K. Rajkumar, Sinha Ramen, Roy Chowdhury and P. K. Chattopadhyay
[4]. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2009 Sep; 8(3): 237–240
[5]. Management of Mandibular Angle Fracture; Daniel Cameron Braasch, A. Omar Abubaker.

Abstract: Oral lichen planus is chronic inflammatory disease with different clinical presentations that can be classified as reticular, erosive or atrophic. . Although a number of epidemiological studies have been carried out in the western countries, very little is known about its nature in the Kerala population. Hence a survey was undertaken to assess the epidemiological status of oral lichen planus among 25461 patients attending the Department of OMR ,G..D.C, Trivandrum, by conducting a descriptive study over a period of one year .Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS statistical package. Out of the 25461 patients screened, 180 patients were diagnosed as having oral lichen planus.......

Keywords: Dlinical characteristics, dysplasia, incidence ,Oral lichen planus, , Predisposing factors.

[1]. Scully C, Beyli M, Ferreiro M, Ficarra G, Gill Y, Griffiths M, Holmstrup P, Mutlu S, Porter S, Wray D. Update on oral lichen planus: Etiopathogenesis and management. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:86-122. [ Links ]

[2]. Sugerman PB, Savage NW. Oral lichen planus: causes, diagnosis and management. Aust Dent J 2002;47:290-297. [ Links ]
[3]. Alam F, Hamburger J. Oral mucosal lichen planus in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001;11:209–14. [PubMed]
[4]. Laeijendecker R, Van Joost T, Tank B, Oranje AP, Neumann HA. Oral lichen planus in childhood. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22:299–304. [PubMed]
[5]. Eisen D. The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: a study of 723 patients. J AmAcad Dermatol 2002; 46:207-14.

Abstract: Schwannomas are also known as neurilemomas. The cells of origin are the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. They are the most common benign tumors of the neural sheath of the peripheral nerves. Schwannomas accounts for 0.1-0.3% of hand tumors. Ulnar nerve is the most common nerve affected. Median nerve is affected only in 7% of the cases. It can give rise to diagnostic dilemma and can be misdiagnosed as ganglion or carpal tunnel syndrome.

[1]. Ozdemir et al, "Schwanommas of the hand and wrist: long term results and review of literature", journal of Orthopedic surgery, vol.13,, pp.267-272,2005.
[2]. Harun Kutaya et el, " Schwanommas of median nerve at hand and wrist: a rare case report"; Case reports in orthopedics, Article ID 950106,volume 2013.
[3]. Padasali et al, "Median nerve Schwanomma: A case and review of literature", Asian journal of Neurosurgery, 10(3): 212-214 ,2014.

Abstract: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common causes of visual acuity impairment and blindness all over the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate various factors affecting the corneal ulcers healing. A total of 93 Patients who were diagnosed as a case of corneal ulcer, were included in this retrospective study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, M.L.B.M.C, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of 12 months. All data were taken retrospectively. An assessment of present complaints, detailed clinical history (present and past), Routine investigation (Random blood sugar, complete heamogram, ESR ect.), Slit lamp examination, corneal sensitivity, Fluorescein eye staining, KOH mount, Gram staining, and culture sensitivity was done. Topical antibiotic and other supportive therapy was given to all subjects in this study as the initial therapy.......

Keywords: Corneal sensitivity, Corneal ulcer, dacrocystitis, Diabetes mellitus, ESR, Gram staining, KOH mount, Meibomitis, Random blood sugar, Trichiasis , Visual acuity.

[1]. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130611084216.htm
[2]. Kenyon KR, Ghinelli E, Chaves HV. Morphology and pathologic response in corneal and conjunctival disease. In: Foster CS, Azar DT, Dohlman CH (Eds): Smolin and Thoft's Cornea. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins NY; 4th edition, 2005;4:103-40.
[3]. Kenyon KR. Inflammatory mechanisms in cornealulceration. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1985;83:610-63.
[4]. Sirikul T, Prabriputaloong T, Smathivat A, Chuck RS, Vongthongsri A. Predisposing factors and etiologic diagnosis of ulcerative keratitis. Cornea. 2008;27(3):283-7.
[5]. Damayanti Y, Sitompul R. Karakteristik klinis dan hasil terapi ulkus kornea bakteri di Poliklinik Mata Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Periode 1 Juli 2005 - 30 Juni 2007. Thesis. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2008. Indonesian.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. Simple appendicitis can progress to perforation, which is associated with a much higher morbidity and mortality. The study has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score in diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its correlation with operative and histopathological findings and to review its usefulness in cutting down the rate of negative appendectomy without increasing morbidity and mortality. Methodology: A study of 100 patients presenting with pain abdomen suspected to be of acute appendicitis was undertaken. Initially all the patients were examined by surgical team and a decision to operate was taken depending on clinical impression........

Keywords: Suspected Acute Appendicitis, Efficacy of Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score.

[1]. Wakeley CP. The position of the vermiform appendix as ascertained by an analysis of 10,000 cases. Jr Anat 1933 Jan; 67(Pt 2):277-83.
[2]. Collins DC. 71,000 human appendix specimens. A final report, summarizing forty years' study. Am J Proctol. 1963 Dec;14:265-81.
[3]. Norman S, Williams Christopher, J.K. Bulstrode & P. Ronan O'Connell. The vermiform appendix. Bailey & Love's Short practice of Surgery 2008; 25th edition; 67:1204-1218.
[4]. Subhajeet Dey, Pradip K. Mohanta, Anil K. Baruah, Bikram Kharga, Kincho L. Bhutia, and Varun K. Singh. "Alvarado Scoring in Acute Appendicitis—A Clinico-pathological Correlation". Indian J Surg 2010 Aug; 72(4): 290-294
[5]. Fenyo G, Lindberg G, Blind P, Enochsson L, Oberg A. Diagnostic decision support in suspected acute appendicitis: validation of a simplified scoring system. Eur J Surg. 1997 Nov; 163(11);831-8.

Abstract: Background: The true incidence of pneumonia acquired in the community is unknown, but this is a common clinical problem worldwide especially in developing countries and remains a leading cause of death in India. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study were to check clinical, radiological, and bacteriological profile of patients of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Materials and Methods: The present study was undertaken in Department of Medicine General Medicine Department, Maharaja's Institute of Medical Sciences, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram, Vizianagaram Dist, India from October 2014 to September 2016.. For the study, 60 indoor patients of >15 years of age group were selected from Medicine Department, diagnosed as CAP. In all studied patient's chest-X-rays, routine laboratory test, sputum, and blood culture were done.............

Keywords: Bacteriology, Blood culture, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Community-acquired pneumonia, Radiology smoking, Sputum culture

[1]. Seaton A, Seaton D. and AG Leich, Crofton & Douglas's. Respiratory Diseases. 5thedition. Vol-1 Chapter 13: 356-429.
[2]. Lionel A.Mandell, Richard Wunderink, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition Pneumonia, Chapter 257,page2130-2141.
[3]. PaiDhungat AJ. API Text Book of Medicine Pneumonias, 7th edition, Chapter 7 page 301- 305.
[4]. John G. Berlett. Oxford Text Book of Medicine- Pneumonia- Normal host, 4th edition chapter 17, 1357-1367.
[5]. Medical Clinics of North America (Sep. 1993): Pneumonia.

Abstract: The carrying angle of the elbow is defined as the angle formed by the long axis of the arm and the long axis of the forearm in the frontal plane when the elbow is fully extended and the forearm is supinated forearm. This cross sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care set up in Kolkata for a period of 6 months from June 2016 to December 2016 with a total of 50 males and 50 females within the age 5 years to 18 years. Goniometer was used for measurement of carrying angle. Of the 100 children's included in the study mean age was 12.99+/-4.005, with mean BMI being 19.279+/-3.8088. Mean carrying angle on right side was 11.93+/-2.831 degree and on left side was 10.23+/-2.786 degree...............

Keywords: Carrying angle, goniometer

[1]. Larson Gs. Embryology and phylogeny. In: MORREY BF (ed), The elbow and its disorders, 2nd edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 2000, 5-73.
[2]. Vichard Lim, Natasha Ashley Jacob. The carrying angle of elbow, An Anthropometric Study on the Carrying Angle of Elbow among Young Adults of Various Ethinicities in Malaysia, Nat J of Int Res Med. 2014; 5(6):2230-9969.
[3]. Sharma K, Mansur DI, Khanal K, Haque MK. Variation of Carrying Angle With Age, Sex, Height and Special Reference to Side, Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2013; 44(4):315-318.
[4]. Golden DW, Jhee JT, Gilpin SP, Sawyer JR. Elbow range of motion and clinical carrying angle in a healthy pediatric population. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007; 16:144-9.
[5]. Dr. Shiva Prakah SS, Dr. Amardeep G and Dr. Manjappa CN. Evaluation of the carrying angle of the elbow joint in children's and adolescents and its correlation with various parameters. International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences 2017; 3(3): 996-999

Abstract: Pheochromocytoma is catecholamine containing tumor of chromaffin tissues1. The anaesthetic management, perioperative course, intraoperative monitoring & adequate fluid therapy have always been a challenge to anaesthesiologist in pheochromocytoma cases. Here we describe a successful management of a pheochromocytoma with cholecystectomy who was diabetic & hypothyroid.

[1]. Warner MA, Van Heerden Ja: Pheochroma: anaesthetic and surgical management employed at Mayo clinic, in Manager WM, Gifford Jr Rw.Clinical and experimental Pheochroma.Blackwell Science 1996,388-407
[2]. Roizen MF, Horrigan RW etal, A prospective randomizes trial of four anaesthetic techniques for resection of pheochromocytoma. Anaesthesiology.1982;57:A43.
[3]. BravoEL:Phochomocytoma.CurrTher endocrinolMetab;1997,6:195-197
[4]. Kinney MA, Warner ME, VanHeerdenJA et al.Perianaesthetic risks and outcomes of pheochromocytoma and paraganglion resection. Anesth Analg2000;91:1118-23.
[5]. Schwinn DA, McIntyre RW, Reves JG: Isoflurane-induced vasodilation: role of the alpha-adrenergic nervous system.

Abstract: OCT was first demonstrated by Huang D et al, in 1991.1 The first in vivo tomograms of the human optic disc and macula were demonstrated in 1993.2,3 It enables noncontact, noninvasive imaging of the anterior eye as well as imaging of morphologic features of the human retina including the fovea and optic disc4,5using near infrared low coherent light passing through a Michelson interferometer to obtain two dimensional images of the retina and optic nerve head. Optical coherence tomographyis of two types- Time domain OCT and Spectral- domain or Fourier Domain OCT. The time domain OCT 3000become available in 2002, with an axial resolution of 10μm and scan velocity of 400 axial scans per second. In 2004, higher resolution Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) was introduced in clinical practice with reported resolution of 1 to 5 μm as well as improved visualization of retinal morphologic and pathologic features.6.

[1]. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, Hee MR, Flotte T, Gregory K, Puliafito CA, Fujimoto JG. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254:1178–1181.
[2]. Fercher AF, Hitzenberger CK, Drexler W, Kamp G, Sattmann H. In vivo optical coherence tomography.Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116:113–114.
[3].
[4]. Swanson EA, Izatt JA, Hee MR, Huang D, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Puliafito CA, Fujimoto JG. In vivoretinal imaging by optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 1993;18:1864–1866.
[5]. [6]. Izatt JA, Hee MR, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Huang D, Schuman JS, Puliafito CA, Fujimoto JG. Micrometer-scale resolution imaging of the anterior eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol.1994;112:1584–1589

Abstract: Background; Currently there is no available information regarding the variety of cervical spine injury cases affected. Our study aim is to study the epidemiological prevalence of injuries, evaluation of management methods , prognosis & sequalae of cervical spine injuries. Introduction; Traumatic spine injury with or without spinal cord injury is the most common cause of morbidity & mortality. Early diagnosis and screening will help to provide accurate treatment for the needy. Materials & methods; This is a prospective study. All cervical spine injury patients presenting to dept of neurosurgery , GGH , kakinada were enrolled in the study. All patients were analysed as per our study protocol. Results; A total number of 110 patients with cervical spine injury were admitted and managed respectively............

Keywords: Cervical spine injury, Spinal cord injury, Spine trauma

[1]. Pickelsimer E, Shiroma EJ, Wilson DA. Statewide investigation of medically attended adverse health conditions of persons with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2010;33(3):221-31.
[2]. Wyndaele M, Wyndaele JJ. Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey. Spinal Cord 2006;44(9):523–9.
[3]. Chiu WT, Lin HC, Lam C, Chu SF, Chiang YH, Tsai SH. Review paper: epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: comparisons between developed and developing countries. Asia Pac J Public Health 2010;22(1):9–18.
[4]. Dryden DM, Saunders LD, Rowe BH, et al. The epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Alberta, Canada. Can J Neurol Sci. 2003;30(2):113–121.
[5]. Chandra J, Dogra TD, Dikshit PC. Pattern of cranio-intracranial injuries in fatal vehicular accidents in Delhi, 1966-76. Med Sci Law1979; 19: 186-94.

Abstract: Electrophysiological study (nerve conduction study"NCS") is useful adjunct test to the medical history and clinical examination in the diagnosis of such complication, early detection and differentiation of type of peripheral neuropathy. The aims of this study are designed to Decide the most necessary parameters of NCS of healthy subjects to establish the normal electrophysiological values of the common nerves in upper and lower limb .The present study was carried out at the neurophysiology unit in Al-yarmouk Teaching Hospital.The study group consists of eighty six (86) healthy volunteers (45 males and 41 females). The age of this group ranged between 20 to 75 years with a mean (52.48 ±10.63) years...............

Keywords: Iraqis, Lower limbs, Nerves Conduction study, Upper limbs

[1]. David, R., Cornblath: Diagnosis and management of peripheral nerve disorders. In: Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of the peripheral neuropathy patient, (2001); 30-37.
[2]. Dorfman, L J. : The distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in peripheral nerves: a review. Muscle Nerve, (1984 ); 7: 2-11.
[3]. Falck, B. :Neurography- motor and sensory nerve conduction studies. In: Clinical Neurophysiology of Disorders of Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction, Including Fatigue. Stalberg, E.(editor), Amsterdam: Elsevier, (2003); 269-322.

[4]. Kimura, J.:Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle, 4th ed, Oxford University Press, (2013); Oxford ISBN: 9780199738687.

[5]. Dumitru, D.:Electrodiagnostic Medicine, 2nd.edition, Chapter3, Philadelphia, Hanley &Belfus.(2002).