iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2018

Abstract: Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a disease of adulthood, and children are rarely affected. It may involve various mucosal surfaces either independently or concurrently (oral, skin, and oral and skin lesions). Prevalence of skin LP in general population is 0.9% -1.2% and prevalence of oral LP is reported between 0.1% and 2.2% (1). The relative risk for oral lichen planus was highest (13.7) among those who smoked and chewed tobacco. The etiopathogenesis appears to be complex, with interactions between genetic, environmental, lifestyle factors, and interestingly with new associations such as with liver disease have emerged. Viral infections have recently been linked with OLP. Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Human Herpes virus-6 (HHV-6), Epstein- Barr virus (EBV), Human Papilloma virus (HPV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are virus types that have been studied........

Keywords: Oral Lichen planus, Epstein-Barr Virus, PCR

[1]. Ghom A, Ghom S. Oral Premalignant lesions and conditions. Text of Oral Medicine. 2010;2:208.
[2]. Yildirim B, Senguven B, Demir C. Prevalence of herpes simplex, Epstein Barr and human papilloma viruses in oral lichen planus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16(2):e170-4.
[3]. Kulkarni MR. Head and neck cancer burden in India. Int J Head Neck Surg. 2013;4(1):25-9.
[4]. Van Dis M, van der Meij E, Schepman K, Smeele L, van der Wal J, Bezemer P, et al. A review of the recent literature regarding malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1999;88(3):307-10.
[5]. Rajendran R. Oral lichen planus. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2005;9(1):3.

Abstract: Although stone disease is one of the most common affliction of modern society, it has been described since antiquity. With westernisation of global culture however, the site of stone formation has migrated from the lower to the upper urinary tract and the disease once limited to men is increasingly becoming gender blind. Revolutionary advances in the minimally invasive and non invasive management of stone disease over the past two decades have greatly facilitated the ease with which stones are removed. However, open surgical treatments, although invasive are still in use to remove the offending stones. Aims and objectives The aims and objectives of the study entitled "Endoscopic versus open surgical techniques in the management of renal and ureteric calculi" were.......

Keywords: Affliction , endourological , ureteric , westernisation

[1]. Al-Kohlani KM, Shokeir AA, Mosbah et al. Treatment of complete staghorn stones: a prospective randomized comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The Journal of Urology, 2005; 173: 469-473.
[2]. Androulakakis PA, Michael V, Polychronopoulou S et al. Evaluation of open surgery for staghorn calculi in children. Child Nephrology and Urology, 1990; 10: 139-142.
[3]. Beduschi R & Wolf JS. Current treatment of Upper third ureteral stone. Brazilian Journal of Urology, 2001; 27: 120-127.
[4]. Bernstein MJ. Prevention and treatment of kidney stones. Journal of American Medical Association, 1988; 260: 978-981.
[5]. Brown MW, Carson CC, Dunnick NR et al. Comparison of the costs and morbidity of percutaneous and open flank procedures. The Journal of Urology, 1986; 135: 1150-1152.

Abstract: Marginal tissue recession is a common feature amongst Andaman & Nicobar population with high standards of oral hygiene as well as amongst population with poor oral hygiene. Recession is frequently associated with aesthetic concerns, fear of tooth loss, and root hypersensitivity. Several etiological factors that may account for it are: traumatic tooth brushing, malpositioned tooth, periodontal disease, frenum insertions, restoration with subgingival overhangs, orthodontic movement and bone dehiscence. According to Miller, cases with Class I and II show complete recession coverage whereas cases with class III are only capable of partial coverage. This case report presents a clinically successful treatment of Miller's class II gingival recession using Subepithelial connective tissue graft as a donor source for root coverage.

Keywords: Recession, Oral Hygiene, Aesthetics, Subepithelial Connective tissue, Graft

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[3]. Miller PD, Jr A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1985;5:8-13.
[4]. Langer B, Langer L. Subepithelial connective tissue graft technique for root coverage. J Periodontol 1985;56:715-20.
[5]. Harris RJ. Root coverage with connective tissue graft, an evaluation of short and long term results. J Periodontology 2002;72:1054-59..

Abstract: Fuzzy Logic and a Fuzzy Logic Control System were used to predict and identify areas for control of arthropod-borne viruses. Bird species and mosquito landing counts were conducted to determine high risk areas for West Nile virus at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, US. The level of risk West Nile Virus varied geographically in the installation. The fuzzy logic control system was developed to identify where and when mosquito control should be conducted to prevent an outbreak of West Nile Virus ..

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[2]. Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Anderson JF, and Vossbrinck CR (2006). Host Feeding Patterns of Culex Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States. Em Inf Dis. 12:468-474. doi:10.3201/eid1203.051004.

[3]. CDC (2017). West Nile virus disease cases reported to CDC by state of residence, 1999-2016. https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/cumMapsData.html.
[4]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008). Public health assessment U.S. Army Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood Area Aberdeen, Harford County, Maryland, 76p.

[5]. Sugeno M (1985). Industrial applications of fuzzy control, Elsevier Science Pub. Co. 1985...

Abstract: The human heart is vascularized by right and left coronary arteries. The current study was done to assess the normal patterns of coronary arteries with reference to its predominance, branching pattern, variations and anomalies.Fifty two adult North Indian cadaveric hearts from both genders fixed with 10% formalin were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The exit points and various branching patterns of right and left coronary arteries were observed.Right coronary artery was originating from the anterior aortic sinus in 100%while left coronary artery took origin from left posterior aortic sinus in 96.15% and anterior aortic sinus in 3.85%.Right coronary artery gave origin to right marginal artery in 96.15% while absent in 3.85% specimen. Posterior interventricular branch coming from right coronary artery was noted in 92.31%. Accessory posterior interventricular branches were.........

Keywords: Right coronary artery,Left coronary artery,Aortic sinus,Dominance,Variation

[1]. Standring S.Gray's Anatomy-The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. In: Shah P (ed) Heart and great vessels, 39th edn. Edidburgh, London. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005,pp 1014,1016.
[2]. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR.Clinically Oriented Anatomy.In: Thorax, 6thedn. New Delhi, Philadelphia. Wolters Kluver; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, p 145.
[3]. Olabu BO, Saidi HS, Hassanali Jand Ogeng'o JA. Prevalence and distribution of the third coronary artery in Kenyans. Int J Morphol 2007;25(4):851-54.
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[5]. Lujinovic A, Ovcina F, Tursic A. Third coronary artery. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2008;8(3):226-29...

Abstract: Introduction: Thyroid diseases are common worldwide. In India too, there is a significant burden of thyroid diseases. According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases. Clinically palpable nodules are encountered in about 8% of the adult population. With the use of imaging techniques, particularly ultrasound, the chance of detection of thyroid nodules has increased many folds. The recent data suggest that the incidence of thyroid malignancy is increasing over the years. There is very little data on the pattern of thyroid lesions for this part of country. Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study is to study the various presentation pattern of histomorphological changes of non – neoplastic............

Keywords: Thyroid swelling, colloid goitre, recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroidectomy..

[1]. Sanjeeva KK, Chandra B, Balakrishna MA, Ramesh DB. Clinico-Epidemiological Study and Treatment Outcome of Multinodular Goiter at A Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015 Jun;9(6):PC22.
[2]. Gritzmann N, Koischwitz D, Rettenbacher T. Sonography of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. In: Weber AL, editor. The Radiologic Clinics of North America. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier; 2000. p.1131-43.
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[4]. Williams NS, Bailey H, Bulstrode CJ, Love RM, O'Connell PR. Bailey & Love's short practice of surgery. Crc Press; 2008.
[5]. Baloch Z and Livolsi V. Pathology of thyroid and parathyroid disease. In: Sternberg‟s diagnostic surgical pathology. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 557-95..

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the the osseointegration of early loaded dental implants, clinically and radiographically .Materials & Methods: 20 implants in the form of single crowns or 2-4 unit bridges were placed in 10 patients. The implants were loaded as per the protocol of early loading ( 8 weeks in mandible & 12 weeks in maxilla). The patients were followed up at 2/3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 24 months of post implant insertion. Post operative evaluation included: Implant mobility;; Peri-implant Radiolucency; & Bone loss.Observations & Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between crestal bone loss of PRP & non-PRP implants (p-value = 0.004 on mesial side & p-value = 0.020 on distal side). All other clinical parameters were comparable & statistically non- significant. Finally, the overall success rate for these early loaded dental implants was recorded as 100%. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, early loading of dental implants is a suitable treatment option in both mandible & maxilla. .

Keywords: Dental implant, early loading, osseointegration

[1]. Branemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977; 2: 1–132.
[2]. Lekholm U. Immediate / Early Loading of Oral Implants in Compromised Patients. Periodontology 2000, 2003;Vol. 33:194–203
[3]. Cochran DL, Jackson JM, Bernard JP, ten Bruggenkate CM, Buser D, Taylor TD, Weingart D, Schoolfield JD, Jones AA, Oates TW Jr. A 5-year prospective multicenter study of early loaded titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(6):1324-32.
[4]. Brunski JB, Puleo DA, Nanci A. Biomaterials and biomechanics of oral and maxillofacial implants: current status and future developments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15(1):15-46.
[5]. Bergkvist G. Immediate loading of implants in the edentulous maxilla. Swed Dent J Suppl. 2008;196:10–75..

Abstract: An in vitro analysis of fracture strength of various bulk fill flowable composite resins The use of resin composites in restoring extensive cavities reinforces dental stiffness. Ihe adhesive nature of composites binds the cusps and decreases their flexion, which is the main cause of fracture. The biomechanical preparation of the root canals in extracted human maxillary premolars was done. Afterobturation, all samples were subjected to standardized mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities preparation.All experimental specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) and restored with different flowable composite resins: Surefil SDR flow (Dentsply, York, PA, USA), TetricEvo flow bulk fill (lvoclarvivadent), Filtek bulk fill (3M ESPE) &X-tra base (voco).After finishing the restoration, a groove 3 mm wide and 1 mm deep was prepared on the occlusal surface of the restorations between.........

Key words: Bulkfill, Resin fibre, Fracture strength

[1]. Kalburge V, Yakub SS, Kalburge J, Hiremath H, Chandurkar A. A comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, with variable marginal ridge thicknesses, restored with composite resin and composite resin reinforced with Ribbond: An in vitro study. Ind J Dent Res 2013; 24(2): 193-8.
[2]. Scotti N, Comba A, Gambino A, Paolino DS, Alovisi M, Pasqualini D, Berutti E. Microleakage at enamel and dentin margins with a bulk fills flowable resin. Eur J Dent 2014; 8: 1-8.
[3]. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G.Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent 2014; 42(8): 993-1000.
[4]. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Post-irradiation hardness development, chemical softening, and thermal stability of bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites. J Dent 2015; 43(2): 209-18.
[5]. Agarwal RS, Hiremath H, Agarwal J, Garg A. Evalution of cervical marginal and internal adaption using newer bulk fill composites. An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18(1): 56-61..

Abstract: Spontaneous splenic hematoma is a rare complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis when compared with traumatic origin of subcapsular hematoma. Local factors such as thrombosis of the splenic artery or veins, intrasplenicpseudocysts, perisplenic adhesions, enzymatic digestion and coagulation disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis of splenic hematoma. Here we report a case of a 57 years old gentleman who presented to Emergency Department with complains of severe pain and mass in the left upper abdomen for the past 2 weeks. On examination he was haemodynamically stable, with a palpable mass in the left hypochondrium. On blood investigation serum amylase and lipase were significantly raised. His Hb was 7gm%. CECT of abdomen revealed features of chronic pancreatitis and large subcapsular splenic haematoma 17x12cm in size. He was managed with intravenous fluid, blood transfusions, prophylactic antibiotic and pain killers. Patient responded well to the conservative management. His blood parameters improved and splenic haematoma showed gradual resolution..........

key words: spontaneous splenic hematoma, chronic pancreatitis, conservative management

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[4]. Tseng CW, Chen CC, Chiang JH, Chang FY, Lin HC, Lee SD. Percutaneous drainage of large subcapsular hematoma of the spleen complicating acute pancreatitis. J Chin Med Assoc. 2008;71:92–95.
[5]. Gandhi V, Philip S, Maydeo A, Doctor N. Ruptured subcapsular giant haematoma of the spleen--a rare complication of acute pancreatitis. Trop Gastroenterol. 2010;31:123–124....

Abstract: Periodontal infections which serve as reservoirs of gram negative anaerobic organisms, lipopolysaccharides and inflammatory mediators including PGE2and TNF-α, may have consequences that extend beyond the periodontal tissues themselves. Low birth weight children experience combination of various neurosensory, developmental and health problem causing tremendous impact on the health care system and survivors own family. All of these warrants the continuous research for risk factors for LBW that are amenable to prevention. Aims: .In the present study it was sought to determine the periodontal status of the mother with low and normal birth weight infants and to assess the affect of periodontal status of the mothers on birth weight of infants Methods and Material:............

Keywords: Periodontits,.Low birth weight infants,inflammatory mediators, risk factor.

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Abstract: Epiphora is the chief complaint in a large number of patients visiting our OPD . Although the surgery DCR is quite laborious and non rewarding as considered by many surgeons ,the symptoms of epiphora and chronic discharge is quite distressing to the patient. Chronic infection in the lacrimal sac or naso lacrimal duct leads to permanent obstruction of the lacrimal passage. External DCR is still considered to be the gold standard . Despite meticulous surgery failures are often met with. Various studies have stated various causes for failure of DCR.The purpose of our study was to assess the most common intra operative cause for a failed DCR.

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[5]. Nawaz M. , Qaisar H., Sultan M., Sadiq M. , DCR a comparitive study of results with and without silicon intubation in patients with chronic dacryocstitis., profesional medicine journal, march 2008 ; 15(1): 81-86.

Abstract: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma though relatively rare , have dismal prognosis.With intention to find if simultaneous occurrence of destruction of intercellular adhesion is associated with propagation of carcinomatous cells, we studied different grades and stages of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and noted expression of E-cadherin( ECAD) ,strongest intercellular adhesion molecule of epithelial cells and Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor (AMFR) ,the known propagator of cancer cell with aid of immunohistochemistry in a retrospective study. Paraffin blokes of 19 patients who were treated with Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure),Distalpancreatectomy, Total pancreatectomy was processed through standardized protocols and scrutinized with predetermined parameters. Normally in non-malignant pancreatic epithelium, strong ECAD and Weak AMFR is visible, with tumour dedifferentiation.............

Keywords: E-cadherin , Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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Abstract: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a serious inherited disorder which is commonly of an autosomal dominant pattern, however autosomal recessive and non hereditary types are also known to occur. The clinical features commonly observed in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta include blue sclerae, deficiency of growth such as short stature, bone fragility causing multiple fractures, hearing loss, hypermobility, joint laxity and dentinogenesis imperfecta.[1-3] The disease causes either the production of structurally defective collagen or a decrease in collagen synthesis ,hence all tissues rich in type I collagen may be affected.[1,4] Four types of OI exist based on the classification of Sillence et al[5] [Table 1]. Peterson and Wetzel have evaluated the recent findings in classification of osteogenesis imperfecta by means of existing dental symptoms[6] [Table 2].

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[3]. Mahoney EK, Widmer RP, Sillence DO. Opalescent dentin in two affected siblings. N Z Denr J 2001;97:15-8.
[4]. O' Connel AC, Marini JC. Evaluation of oral problems in an osteogenesis imperfecta population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87:189-96
[5]. Sillence DO. Osteogenesis imperfecta: an expanding panorama of variants. Clin Orthop 1981;159:11-25.
[6]. Petersen K, Wetzel WE. Recent findings in classification of osteogenesis imperfecta by means of existing dental symptoms. J Dent Child 1998;65:305-9.

Abstract: The terms crown root ratio and crown implant ratio have always been a controversial topic for determining the diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis of a prosthesis due to scarcity of evidence based research on the same. The height of the crown is an important determinant in implant prosthesis as it bears the lateral forces and distributes it to the crest thereby resulting in a favorable treatment outcome. This article will help in understanding the basic difference between the two terms and their applied aspects in Prosthodontics. Till date, no definitive guidelines have been formulated for crown to implant ratio based on a scientific research..

Keywords: Crown-to-root ratio (CRR), Crown to implant ratio (CIR)

[1]. Newman NG, Takei HH, Carranza AC. Carranza's. Clinical Periodontology. 9th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier; 2002:480–481.
[2]. McGuire MK, Nunn ME. Prognosis versus actual outcome. III. The effectiveness of clinical parameters in accurately predicting tooth survival. J Periodontol 1996;67:666–674.
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Abstract: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality at all age group. Blunt trauma to abdomen is one of the leading cause of death in young. BAT can remain silent after initial injury only to present later with clinical deterioration and can be almost always fatal if not intervened. Liver and spleen are the commonly injured solid organs. Over the past few decades, there is a transition of trend in management from operative procedures to non-operative management as the former carried more mortality and morbidity. NOM has become the widely accepted standard practice of management for BAT. This case series is our institutional experience in the NOM of hemodynamically stable blunt liver, spleen and pancreatic trauma patients irrespective of the severity of a single / multiple solid organ injury or other associated injuries..

Keywords: Blunt Abdomen Trauma, Blunt Injury Abdomen, BAT, Non Operative Management, NOM, Liver and Spleen injuries

[1]. High success with non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma:the liver is a sturdy organ. Arch Surg 2003, 138(5):475-480. Velmahos GC, Toutouzas KG
[2]. Successful nonoperative management of the most severe blunt spleen injuries: a multicenter study of the research consortium of New England centers for trauma. Arch Surg 2012, 147(5):423-428. Gwendolyn M, Van der Wilden
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Abstract: Background: New scientific interventions and financial commitments have been introduced in Primary Health Centres PHCs in Nigeria and women are encouraged to give birth in the centres with a view of reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately evidence-based assessment of obstetric general service readiness in the centres has not been paid adequate attention and they are decaying. Objectives:The aim of this study was therefore to assess the obstetric general service readiness in PHCs in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, identify shortcomings and recommend measures to improve care Method:This was a descriptive observational study whereby a stepwise multistage cluster sampling and analysis of obstetric general service readiness of the PHCs in the 4 Local Government areas that make up Ogoniland was conducted. The following 5 domains were assessed against the WHO benchmarks, using tracer items: basic amenities, basic instruments, standard precautions, laboratory capability and essential medicines.............

Keywords: Obstetrics, General Service, Readiness, Health Ccentres, Ogoniland.

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