iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Background: To study Retinitis Pigmentosa as a cause of blindness in patients attending MLB medical college and Hospital. Methods: A total of 22 patients of all age groups attending to MLB medicalcollege and Hospital during the period April 2017 to January 2018 were included and examined which include visual acuity testing using Snellen chart, refraction, slitlampbiomicroscopy, intra ocular pressure measurement using Schiotz Tonometer, fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscope, visual field testing using Humprey field analyser. Fundus picture was taken using Zeiss fundus camera. Patients having retinal pathology were exclusively included in the study and others were excluded. Results: Out of 22 patients of retinitis pigmentosa 14 were males and 8 were females indicating that males were more commonly affected thanfemales.........

Keywords: Retinitis Pigmentosa, blindness, consanguinous marriage, inherited disease.

[1] C. Hamel, "Retinitis pigmentosa," Orphanet Journal of Diseases, vol. 1, no. 1, article no. 40, 2006.
[2] S. P. Daiger, S. J. Bowne, and L. S. Sullivan, "Perspective ongenes and mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa," Archives
ofOphthalmology, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 151–158, 2007.
[3] Ferris FL, Kassoff A, Bresnick GH, Bailey I. New visual acuity charts for clinical research. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;94:91–96.
[CrossRef][PubMed]
[4] Humphrey Field Analyzer II User's Guide. San Leandro: Humphrey Instruments Inc, 1994. 9
[5] Vinchurkar MS, Sathye SM, Dikshit M. Retinitis pigmentosa genetics: A study in Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol.

Abstract: Forces are transmitted through the abutments to the periodontium. Main reason of failures involve poor designing, the use of impropermaterials, inadequate tooth preparation, and lack of knowledge of biomechanics. Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability and thorough knowledge of stomatognathic system..

Key words: Abutment, abutment selection, periodontium, tooth preperation.

[1] Johnston J.F, Phillips R.W and Dykema R.W. Modern Practice in Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics. Ed. II, Philadelphia 1965. W.B Saunders Company.
[2] Reynolds J. M. Abutment selection for Fixed Prosthodontics. J.Prosthet.Dent 1968; 19: 483.
[3] Rosenstiel, Land, Fujimoto. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. Ed.III.2002, C.V. Mosby Company.
[4] Shillinburg H.T. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Ed. III, 2002, Quintessence publication
[5] Tylman S.D. Theory and Practice of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics. Ed. V St. Louis 1965. C.V Mosby Company.
[6] Walmsley A.D. Restorative Dentistry, Churchill Livingstone, Harcourt Publishers 2002..

Abstract: Les troubles fonctionnels intestinaux (TFI) représentent un véritable problème de santé public. Certaines études épidémiologiques suggèrent une prévalence allant de 10 à 25 %. Le caractère chronique des symptômes lié aux TFI peut avoir un impact très important sur la qualité de vie (QdV) des patients dans les différentes dimensions de la vie quotidienne. L'objectif de cette étude est de mesurer la qualité de vie et à en identifier les déterminants chez les patients marocains atteints de TFI. Matériels et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale mono-centrique avec recrutement consécutif, durant 6 mois, de patients présentant des TFI au niveau des différentes consultations de gastroentérologie au CHU Hassan II de Fès. Tout patient âgé entre 18 ans et 75 ans des deux sexes, répondant au critère de ROME III a été inclus. Les patients présentant des signes cliniques ou para-cliniques'........

[1]. Canavan C, West J,Timothy C. The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology 2014:6 71–80.
[2]. Lovell RM, Ford AC. Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 10(7):712–721. e4.
[3]. Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC: Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006,130:1480-1491.
[4]. American Gastroenterological Association. The Burden of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Bethesda, Md: American Gastroenterological Association Press; 2001.
[5]. Gralnek IM, Hays RD, Kilbourne A, Naliboff B, Mayer EA. The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life. Gastroenterology. 2000; 119:654-660...

Abstract: Introduction: Debate continues as to the optimum treatment for craniopharyngioma; radical surgical resection or partial resection followed by radiotherapy. Radical surgical resection may be complicated by intraoperative injury to surrounding structures and stormy postoperative hormonal problem. This study aims to examine the result of safe maximal surgical resection. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of all histopathologically proven craniopharyngiomas who had undergone surgical resection over an almost 4 year period was included. Data were collected reviewing demography, clinical presentation, hormonal dysfunction, extent of resection and visual deterioration. Outcome was measured in terms of Glasgow outcome scale and recurrence. Results: Of 25 patients, 68% were male, and 32% were female........

Key words: Craniopharyngioma, extent of resection, outcome

[1] Samii M, Tatagiba M. Craniopharyngioma. In: Kaye AH, Laws ERJr, editors. Brain Tumors: An Encyclopedic Approach. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. p. 873‑94.
[2] Rickert CH, Paulus W. Epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in childhood and adolescence based on the new WHO classification.Childs Nerv Syst 2001;17:503‑11.
[3] Samii M, Bini W. Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas. Zentralbl Neurochir 1991;52:17‑23.
[4] Symon L, Pell MF, Habib AH. Radical excision of craniopharyngioma by the temporal route: A review of 50 patients. Br J Neurosurg 1991;5:539‑49.
[5] Yasargil MG, Curcic M, Kis M, Siegenthaler G, Teddy PJ, Roth P. Total removal of craniopharyngiomas. Approaches and long‑term results in 144 patients. J Neurosurg 1990;73:3‑11..

Abstract: Importance of obturating materials is indispensable in Endodontics. Formation of a hermetic seal during obturation of root canal is pivotal in successful outcome. A number of obturating materials are available presently including basic to highly advanced materials. Gutta percha with sealer is the most versatile obturating material. This article briefly covers the obturating materials along with their present status in today's Endodontic practice.

Keywords: Obturating material, Gutta percha, Root canal.

[1] American Association of Endodontists: Glossary, contemporary terminology for endodontics, ed 6, Chicago,The Association, 1994.
[2] Prakash R, Gopikrishna V, Kandaswamy D. Gutta-Percha: An Untold Story. Endodontology. 2005 Dec;17(2):32-6.
[3] Koch CR, Thorpe BL. History of dental surgery. National Art Publishing Company; 1909.
[4] Anthony LP, Grossman LI. A brief history of root-canal therapy in the United States. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1945 Jan 1;32(1):43-50.
[5] Perry SG. Preparing and filling the roots of teeth. Dent Cosmos. 1883;25:185..

Abstract: Purpose: To determine if lower dose of propofol is as good as standard dose of propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion after pre-medication with midazolam and fentanyl. Background: Propofol is routinely used for induction of general anesthesia and facilatiting laryngeal mask airway insertion. However, heavy doses may lead to severe complications, whereas lower doses may not be quite as effective. Methods: In a double blind randomized controlled trial, 140 patients undergoing ambulatory surgeries lasting less than 2 hours were recruited to receive intravenous propofol at a dose either 1 mg/kg (Group I) or 2.5 mg/kg (Group II). Intravenous midazolam........

Keywords: Propofol , Laryngeal mask airway, Ambulatory surgeries.

[1] Miller RD. Miller's Anesthesia. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005; 1625-28
[2] Walls RM. Manual of emergency airway management. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippinacott Williams and Williams; 2004: 97-109.
[3] ECC Committee; Subcommittees and Task Forces of the Americn Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2005; 112: 1-203
[4] Kajino K, Iwami T, Daya M, Kitamura T, Sakai T, Nishiuchi T. Impact of Supraglottic Airways and Endotracheal intubation on outcomes following witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2009; 120: 1447-1448.
[5] Scalon P, Carey M, Power M. Patient response to laryngeal mask insertion after induction of anesthesia with propofol or thiopentone. Candian Journal of anesthesia, 1993, 40: 9:816-818...

Abstract: The repeatability of the cardiovascular responses to reflex tests has been the subject of several studies. We have studied heart rate and blood pressure response to mental arithmetic. Mental arithmetic has used as means of assessing cardiovascular autonomic reactivity to mental load. Ten healthy subjects were recruited for the mental arithmetic task. Same task was repeated by the same individuals for 5 successive days. Reliability or reproducibility of the mental task responses was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. We observed a significant declining trend in heart rate response to mental arithmetic task. It shows that the individuals become more and more familiar with a particular task if it is carried out repeatedly.

Keywords: Repeatability of HR and BP, Familiar stressors, unfamiliar stressors, autonomic reflex test, mental arithmetic task.

[1] Bannister and Mathias (Eds). A textbook of disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Oxford University Press, London, 1992.
[2] Braune S et al. Retest variation of cardiovascular parameters in autonomic testing. J Auton Nerv Syst 1996; 60: 103-107.
[3] Carney RM, McMahon RP, Freedland KE, Becker L, Krantz DS, Proschan MA et al. for the PIMI investigators. Reproducibility of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in the psychophysiological investigations of myocardial ischemia (PIMl). Psychosomatic Medicine 1998; 60:64-70
[4] Cronbach LJ, Furby L. How should we measure 'change'-or should we? Psychol Bull 1970; 74: 68-80
[5] Eliot RS, Buell JC, Dembroski TM. Bio-behavioural perspectives on coronary heart disease, hypertension and sudden cardiac death. Acta Med Scand 1982; 660 (Suppl.): 203-13..

Abstract: Psychogenic fever is a stress-related, psychosomatic disease especially seen in young women. Some patients develop extremely high body temperature (up to 41°C) when exposed to emotional events; others may show persistent low-grade body temperature (37–38°C) during situations of chronic stress.(1) Psychogenic Febrile Illness presenting as high grade intermittent fever,related to Coitophobia is perhaps unheard in Indian and Western Literature........

[1] Oka.T, Psychogenic fever: how psychological stress affects body temperature in the clinical population. Temperature 2015,volume 2,issue 3,pg 368-378.
[2] Arnow P M,Flaherty J P,Fever of Unknown origin,The Lancet 1997,350:575-580.
[3] Masi JD, Toker, Diffuse hyperplasia of lymph node in TB, SouthMed J 79(7)891-4 1986....

Abstract: Background: Pregnancy associated with any form of heart desease is a challenge for both obstetrician and cardiologist. The advancement in surgical techniques & minimal invasive surgeries have improved the prognosis of congenital lesions and many women even with severe defects are now reaching the child bearing age. The number of pregnant women with coronary disease is expected to grow due to advanced maternal age and increased cardiovascular risk factors in women. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with department of medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. All the patients admitted in antenatal ward and delivered at period of gestation 28th weeks and beyond during the study period of November 2014-April 2016 were included in the study.........

Keywords: Pregnancy, heart disease, primigravida, and outcome.

[1] Chinchawade V, Daver R, Lewis P. Maternal outcome in heart disease in pregnancy. RR J Med Health Sci 2014; 3(3):61-66.
[2] Nqayana T, Moodley J, Naidoo D. Cardiac disease in pregnancy. Cardio vasc J Afr 2008; 19(3):145–151.
[3] Yasmeen N, Aleem M, Iqbal N. Feto-Maternal Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy. Pak J Med Health Sci 2011; 5(4):748-51.
[4] Kapoor P, Agarwal R, Kohli U, Jose T, Singh S. Evaluation of fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies complicated by heart disease: our experience at a tertiary care centre. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016;5(7):2269-73.
[5] Thakkar J, Yadav P, Vyas R. A Study of Pregnant Women with Cardiac Disease. IOSR J Dental Med Sci 2016;15(3):27-29....

Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW) defines a heterogeneous group of infants: some are born early, some are born growth restricted, and others are born both early and growth restricted. While the immediate consequences of LBW may be respiratory failure, hypoxia, intra-ventricular hemorrhage, its effect may manifest in adulthood causing a range of non communicable disease like cerebro-vascular accidents, Ischemic heart disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome Our study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of LBW in a secondary referral unit of Burdwan district, West Bengal (India).This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among women delivered between may-june 2016 at a secondary referral unit and mother. A total of 332 mothers who delivered during data collection period were included in study. Prevalence of LBW was found to be 27.4%. Maternal age <20 years & ≥30 years, Low Maternal education, Rural residence, BPL status, prematurity, high gravid & parity and maternal anaemia & severe maternal complications adversely & significantly (p<.05) favored occurrence of LBW. ANC registration, ≥ 4 ANCand IFA consumption significantly (p<.05) protected against LBW.

Key Words: Low Birth Weight, Newborn weight, Severe Maternal Complications, ANC

[1] World Health Organization, International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992.
[2] Kramer M.S., "Determinants of Low Birth Weight: Methodological assessment and meta-analysis‟, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 65, no. 5, 1987, pp. 663–737.
[3] H.Watanabe, " The effect of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on birth," INTECH Open Access Publisher, Vol.38,no.3,pp.120-129,2008.
[4] United Nations Children‟s Fund. A
[5] Strategic approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent health (RMNCH+A) in India: UNICEF 2013. Available at: http://www.unicef. org/india...

Abstract: Background: A vast amount of medical knowledge has evolved in India over thousands of years, through trial and error, exchange and assimilation between diverse cultures. Some of these evolved systems are Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Yoga and Naturopathy. Homeopathy, although of German origin, is also widely practiced in India. Methods: The participants of the study were Allopathy doctors working in various clinical departments in a Medical College Hospital. A structured pre-designed questionnaire was used. Results: Allopathy doctors have knowledge about AYUSH .Medical graduates would require exposure during undergraduation to understand about AYUSH better.......

Keywords: AYUSH, Allopathy doctors, Tertiary care hospital, Medical under graduates

[1] Vandana Roy, Monica Gupta, Raktinm Kumar Ghosh .Perception, attitude and usage of complementary and alternative medicine among doctors and patients in a tertiary care hospital in India . Indian JPharmacology 2015;2:137 – 142.
[2] JanmejayaSamal, Ranjit Kumar Dehury . Can the Ayush System be instrumental in achieving universal health coverage in India? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics .2013;4 : 52 – 5.
[3] Roy.V . Time to sensitize medical graduates to the Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy,Indian J Pharmacol 2015 ;47:1-3
[4] Suchitra R. Gawde, Yashashvi C. Shetty and Datatray B. Parmar . Knowledge, attitude and practice towards Ayurvedic Medicine use among allopathic resident doctors : A Cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in India . Perspectives in Clinical Research . 2013;July – September:175-180.
[5] Roopali Somali, ShrinikVardhamane, BasavarajaBidarinath, Md. Sajid . Perception regarding AYUSH and Integrative medicine among medical undergraduate students : A cross sectional study .IJBCP, Vol.5, No.3 (2016)..

Abstract: Leiomyoma is the most common of all uterine and pelvic tumors. The incidence of leiomyoma is 20% in the reproductive age group, but only 1-2% are found in the cervix. Cervical fibroid develops usually in the supravaginal part of cervix. The symptoms most commonly presented are retention of urine, menstrual abnormalities, constipation, and sometimes can present only as an abdominal mass. Large cervical fibroids are rare and can present with surgical difficulties at the time of either myomectomy or hysterectomy, and have an increased risk of urinary tract injuries and intra operative bleeding. We hereby present four such cases of large cervical fibroid, in women of varying parity from 0 – 3 who underwent a hysterectomy successfully. Dissecting and enucleating a large fibroid (whether cervical or uterine) by limiting the dissection to within the capsule of the fibroid is a key surgical technique........

Keyword: Cervical fibroids, Hysterectomy, surgical expertise, bladder injury.

[1] Dutta DC, Benign lesion of the uterus. In: Konar H, eds.Textbook of Gynaecology Including Contraception. 5thed. Kolkata: New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd., 2009:262 – 264.
[2] Bhatia N, Tumours of the corpus uteri. In: Jeffcoates Principles of Gynaecology. 5th ed. London: Arnold Publisher; 2001 470.
[3] Nanda S, Sangwan K, Gulati N: Giant cervical polyp. TropDoct 1998; 28:112.
[4] Kshirsagar SN, MM Laddad: Unusual Presentationof Cervical Fibroid: Two Case Reports. InternationalJournalof Gynae plastic Surgery, 2011; 3(1):38-39.
[5] Monaghan JM, Lopes AB, Naik R. Total hysterectomy for cervical and broad ligament fibroids. In: Huxley R,Taylor S, Chandler K, editors.Bonney's gynaecological surgery 10th ed. Blackwell Publishing. 2004; 74-86 7..

Abstract: Conventional treatment options for the replacement of the missing tooth ranges from the use of implants to conventional Maryland bridges. However, it is often also accompanied with various drawbacks such as the increased number of chairside visits and higher costs. Recently, the use of reinforced composite (FRC) bridges has been proposed and described as an alternative for the replacement of the missing tooth, owing to several excellent attributes such as its increased fracture toughness and resistance. Furthermore, fiber can act as a better alternative to conventional prosthetic techniques. In this paper, we present a clinical case of a single tooth replacement by means of a polyethylene FRC bridge, wherein, we employed a semi-direct (direct and indirect) technique to fabricate a Maryland-like composite bridge for the replacement of a missing maxillary first premolar. This innovative and non-conventional technique offers an economically more acceptable, conservative, esthetic, and'........

Key Words: Composite resin, Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) bridges, Prosthesis

[1]. Lambert F, Mainjot A. One-Tooth One-Time (1T1T): A Straightforward Approach to Replace Missing Teeth in the Posterior Region. The Journal of oral implantology. 2017;43(5):371-7. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-17-00136. PubMed PMID: 28777698.
[2]. Jokstad A, Gokce M, Hjortsjo C. A systematic review of the scientific documentation of fixed partial dentures made from fiber-reinforced polymer to replace missing teeth. The International journal of prosthodontics. 2005;18(6):489-96. PubMed PMID: 16335168.
[3]. Bowden DE, Patel HA. Autotransplantation of premolar teeth to replace missing maxillary central incisors. British journal of orthodontics. 1990;17(1):21-8. PubMed PMID: 2310736.
[4]. Cavadini PE. Design for partial bridge to replace several missing anterior teeth. Dental digest. 1968;74(5):204-5. PubMed PMID: 4869686.
[5]. Esposito M, Coulthard P, Worthington HV, Jokstad A, Wennerberg A. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different types of dental implants. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2002(4):CD003815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003815. PubMed PMID: 12519609..

Abstract: Pneumonia is a major problem in health that can lead to death which one of the cause is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Post hemimaxillectomy cause communication between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx antrum opens, pathogenic bacteria such as K. pneumoniae can easily penetrate into the oral cavity. Post hemimaxillectomyrequires rehabilitation by fabricating obturator on gypsum cast. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion post hemimaxillectomy patients' alginate impression in sodium hypochlorite 0.5% on K. pneumoniae count over gypsum cast. This is an experimental study. Sixteen sample were divided into eight groups consisting of control group (two minutes), control group (four minutes), disinfection group (two minutes), disinfection group (four minutes) of the alginate impression obtained from four post hemimaxillectomy patients'. The bacteria K. pneumoniae were obtained from the swab on surface of the impression and cast, cultured on........

Keywords: alginate impression, Klebsiella pneumoniae, post hemimaxillectomy

[1] Kumar AR. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from pus from tertiary care hospital and issue related to the rational selection of antimicrobials. J Chem Pharm Res 2013; 5(11):326-11.
[2] Vojvodic D, Kranjcic. A two step (altered cast) impression technique in the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient after a maxillectomy: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2013, 110:228-31.
[3] Power JM, Wataha JC,. Dental materials: properties and manipulation. 9th ed. St Louis: Mosby. 2008: 172-80.
[4] Egusa H, Watamoto T, Matsumoko T,. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of removing microorganisms to disinfect patient-derived dental impressions. Int J Prosthodont 2008;21:531-8.
[5] Zilinskas J, et al. Viability changes: microbiological analysis of dental casts. Med Sci Monit 2014;20:932-37....

Abstract: Introduction : Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, quick, minimally invasive, economic and effective diagnostic technique in lymphadenopathy cases. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was around more than 95%. Although open biopsy followed by cytological examination still remains the standard practice for diagnosing lymph node neoplasia, yet FNAC does constitute one of the most common diagnostic technique for metastatic lymphadenopathy. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of enlarged lymph nodes with an emphasis on discordant cases between the cytology and the histopathology and to prove that it is a primary method of diagnosis in case of lymph node disease. Materials & Methods: Prospective study on 102 patients with lymphadenopathy admitted at Kasturba medical college hospitals Mangalore. Patients were subjected.......

Keywords: Block Dissection, Excision Biopsy, FNAC, Lymph Node, Lymphadenopathy

[1] Kumar, Vinay, Abbas, Abul K; Fausto, Nelson; Robbins, Stanley L (Stanley Leonard), Cotran, Ramzi S, 1932-2000Robbins pathologic basis of disease.8th ed 2012 ;6:189
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[3] Kochhar AK, Duggal G, Singh K, Kochhar SK. Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with lymphadenopathy in rural population of southern Haryana, India - Experience In A Tertiary Care Hospital. IJPA. 2012;13(2):8.
[4] Hag IA, Chiedozi LC, Reyees FA, Kollur SM. Fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck masses. Seven years experience in a secondary care hospital. Acta Cytol.
[5] Klijanienko J. Head and Neck and Salivary gland. In: Layfield LJ, [3]ed. Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology,1st ed. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Publishers. 2014:11..

Abstract: The aim of postoperative analgesia is to provide subjective comfort with minimum side-effects, with early ambulation, faster postoperative anaesthetic recovery, better post operative analgesia ,earlier return of bowel function, decreased incidence of thromboembolic phenomenon. Pain scores of 4–6 on a 10 visual analog scale (VAS) are not unusual , patients experienced moderate to severe pain. Moreover, the severity of postoperative pain is higher, and it restricts the movement of diaphragm. This increases the incidence of respiratory complications (basal atelectasis, pneumonitis), hospital stay, cost, surgical morbidity, and mortality in such surgeries.Tramadoland fentanyl both have analgesic and sedative properties when used as adjuvant in regional anaesthesia.Epidural ropivacaine&opioid derivative combination has better perioperative analgesia than intravenous analgesia. Fentanyl.......

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[2] Fentanyl with ropivacaine infusion for postoperative pain relief in infants and children. Kinetics of epidural fentanyl.Karas-Trzeciak M1, Grabowski T2, Woloszczuk-Gebicka B3, Borucka B4Paediatr Anaesth. 2015. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
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