iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Background: Nutritional rickets resulting from vitamin D deficiency has become an increasing concern in both developed and developing countries. However, recommended treatment options are eithersmall doses dailysupplementation of vitamin D for few months or single-dayhigh-dose vitamin D, an approach referred to as stoss therapy. As fewer studies examine the effectiveness of this stoss therapy among Bangladeshi children; the study was designed so..........

Keywords: Nutritional rickets, STOSS therapy, compliance to stoss therapy, vitamin D deficiency management.

[1] Pettifor JM. Vitamin D &/or calcium deficiency rickets in infants & children: a global perspective. Indian J Med Res. 2008; 127:245-249.
[2] Thacher TD, Fischer PR, Pettifor JM, Lawson JO, Isichei CO, Reading JC, Chan GM. A comparison of calcium, vitamin D or both for nutritional rickets in Nigerian children. N Engl J Med 1999;341:563-568.
[3] Thacher TD, Fischer PR, Tebben PJ, et al. Increasing Incidence of Nutritional Rickets: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Mayo Clinic proceedings Mayo Clinic. 2013;88(2):176-183.
[4] Jacobs B. Is Single Oral Dose of 300,000 IU Vitamin D3 Adequate for Treatment of Nutritional Rickets? Indian pediatrics. 2014; 51:260-261.
[5] Thacher TD, Fischer PR, Strand MA, Pettifor JM. Nutritional rickets around the world: causes and future directions. Ann Trop Paediatr 2006; 26 : 1-16.

Abstract: Background: Non-nutritive oral habits (NNOH) have been associated with infant feeding practices. Various factors have been implicated in the development of these habits. This study tried to identify if age, sex, socioeconomic status, infant feeding practices and duration of breastfeeding were predictors of NNOH. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data generated through a household survey conducted to explore the association between digit sucking among 992 children between 1-12years of age resident in a sub-urban area in Nigeria. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, method of feeding (breast or bottle feeding), duration of breast and bottle-feeding, and the NNOH each child engaged in were collected. Factors associated with the habits and predictors of NNOH were determined.............

Key words: Non-nutritive oral habits (NNOH), breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, socioeconomic status, Nigeria.

[1] Harding CM, Law J, Pring T. The use of non-nutritive sucking to promote functional sucking skills in premature infants: An exploratory trial. Infant. 2006;2 (6): 238- 243.
[2] Indushekar GP, Gupta B, Indushekar KR. Childhood thumb sucking: the burden of a preventable problem. J Dent Med Med Sci. 2012; 2 (1): 1-4.
[3] Warren JJ, Levy SM, Nowak AJ, Tang S. Non- nutritive sucking behaviours in preschool children: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent. 2000;22: 187-191.
[4] Farsi NMA, Salama FS. Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 1997; 19: 28-33.
[5] Infante PF. An epidemiologic study of finger habits in preschool children, as related to malocclusion, socioeconomic status, race, sex and size of community. J Dent Child. 1976;43: 33-38.

Abstract: Synovial sarcoma was first reported in 18931 and named after its microscopic resemblance to normal synovium.2 It is thought to originate from primitive mesenchymal cells that undergo differentiation to resemble synovial cells.2,3,4,5 Synovial sarcomas usually occur in adolescents and young adults, with no gender or racial predilection.2,3,4 They typically affect the extremities (80%–95% of cases),4 arising from tendons, tendon sheets and bursal structures. It is important to note that they usually arise beyond the confines of the joint capsule. The single most commonly affected site is the knee.2,3,4,5,6

[1] Craig RM, Pugh DG, Soule EH. The roentgenologic manifestations of synovial sarcoma. Radiology. 1955;65(6):837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/65.6.837
[2] Siegel HJ, Sessions W, Casillas MA, Said-Al-Naief N, Lander PH, Lopez-Ben R. Synovial sarcoma: Clinicopathologic features, treatment and prognosis. Orthopedics. 2007;30(12):1020–1025.
[3] Bakri A, Shinagare AB, Krajewski KM, et al. Synovial sarcoma: Imaging features of common and uncommon primary sites, metastatic patterns and treatment response. AJR. 2012;199(2):W208–W215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.11.8039
[4] Murphey MD, Gibson MS, Jennings BT, Crespo-Rodriguez AM, Fanburg-Smith J, Gajewski DA. Imaging of synovial sarcoma with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2006;26(5):1543–1565.
[5] Roberts CC. STATdx Premier. Synovial sarcoma. Salt Lake City: Amirsys; 2005–2014. [cited 10–30 May 2014]. Available from: http://my.statdx.com

Abstract: The mechanisms underlying COPD exacerbations are poorly understood, and it is a high priority to identify factors that help in predicting their occurrence. Aim and Objectives:The present study was conducted to assess BODE index and GOLD severity staging(based onFEV1) in stable COPD patients, and to assess the utility of BODE index and GOLD severity staging in predicting acute exacerbations and their outcomes in the following one year. It is a hospital based prospective observational study done from September 2014 to November 2016 at Government Hospital for Chest and Communicable Diseases, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Results:100 stable COPD patients were enrolled and were followed up for a period of one year or until their deathwhichever was earlier. 6 patients...........

Key words: COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive LungDiseases), BODE Index (BMI, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1sec), Exacerbations

[1] Globalstrategyforthediagnosis, management and prevention ofChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-2018 report.
[2] Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1269e76.
[3] Wedzicha JA, Seemungal TA. COPD exacerbations: defining their cause and prevention. Lancet 2007; 370(9589): 786-96.
[4] Seemungal TA, Donaldson GC, Paul EA, Bestall JC, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha JA. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157(5 Pt 1): 1418-22.
[5] Pauwels R, Buist SA, Calverley P, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256e76.

Abstract: Background:Prevalence of blindness in children is estimated to be around 1.25/1000 in rural and 0.53/1000 in urban areas in India. Ocular morbidity describes any eye disease regardless of visual loss. Ocular morbidity may affect large number of students and could lead to visual loss. Objective:To assess the prevalence of ocular morbidities among school children in the field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru, Karnataka. Materials and methods: A Cross sectional study was carried out among School children studying from 5th to 10th standard in the field practice area of A.J Institute of medical science& research center. Study period was from June 2014 – July 2015, Schools located in Rural and Urban field practice areas of A J Institute of Medical Science and Research Center............

Keywords: Eye screening, ocular morbidities, refractive errors, colour blindness, school children.

[1] World Health Organization (1999) Report of WHO/IAPB scientific meeting, Hyderabad, India 13-17th April. Childhood Blindness Prevention. WHO/PBL/87.
[2] Arora K S, Garg R, Gupta N and Bansal N. Comparative study of colour blindness among various immigrant populations in Punjab. Int J of Basic and Applied Medi Sci.2012;2 (2):214-217.
[3] Majumder G, Ramakrishnan R, Chandrasekharan S. Prevalence of Congenital Colour Blindness in a Tertiary Hospital. Aioc 2010 proceedings; 413-415.
[4] Prajapati, P, Oza, J, Prajapati, J, Kedia, G, Chudasama, R.K. Prevalence of Ocular Morbidity Among School Adolescents of Gandhinagar District, GujaratOnline J Health Allied Scs 2010; 9 (5):1.
[5] Desai S, Desai R, Desai NC, Lohiya S. School eye health appraisal. Indian J Opthalm 1989; 37: 73-75.

Abstract: Background: A capillary haemangioma (strawberry birthmark) is a benign tumour consisting of an abnormal overgrowth of tiny blood vessels. Capillary haemangioma may not be present at birth, but may appear at 6 months of life. This vascular tumour is not common. We therefore report a case of large capillary haemangioma of the cheek in a five month old boy. Aim: To outline the clinical presentation and management of a large capillary haemangioma of the cheek in a five month old baby boy........

Keywords: Capillary, haemangiomas, cheek, sclerosants, vascular, tumour, malformations.

[1] Haik BG, Karcioglu ZA, Gordor RA et al. Capillary hemangioma (infantile periocular hemangioma).
[2] Surv ophthalmolo 1994:38:399-46
[3] Rosca II Pop ML, Curca M, et al. Vascular tumors in the orbit capillary and cavernous hemangioma Ann Diagn Pathol 2006:10:13-19.
[4] Deans RM, Harris GJ, Kivlin JP. Surgical dissection of capillary hemangiomas. An alternative to intralesional corticosteroids Arch Ophthakmol 1992:110 (12):1743-7.
[5] Slaughters K, Sullivan T, Boulton J et al. Early surgical intervention as definitive treatment for ocular adnexal capillary heamangiome.

Abstract: Background: The iron levels in Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is thought to be increased because of the repeated red cell transfusion, haemolysis with subsequent recycling and accumulation of iron. Red cell transfusion is used frequently to prevent and treat the complications of sickle cell disease. Studies have shown that the changes in iron status that results from such therapy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thisstudy examined the serum ferritin as a marker of iron levels in patients with sickle cell disease who receive chronic red blood cell transfusion. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the status of serum iron levels by measurement of serum ferritin in patients with sickle cell Anaemia managed at Kenyatta National Hospital.............

Keywords: Serumferritin, sickle cell anaemia

[1] Ballas SK, editor Iron overload is a determinant of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell disease. Seminars in hematology; 2001: Elsevier.
[2] Serjeant PGR. Historical Review: The emerging understanding of sickle cell disease
[3] British Journal of Haematology. 2001;112:3-18.
[4] Aliyu ZY, Kato GJ, IV JT, Babadoko A, Mamman AI, Gordeuk VR, et al. Sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension in Africa: A global perspective and review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and review of epidemiology, pathophysiology,and management. Am J Hematol. 2008;83:63-70.
[5] K BS, Margret L. Hospital readmissions for adult acute sickle cell painful episodes: frequency, etiology,and prognostic significance. Am J Hematol 2005, 79:17-25. 2005;79:17-25.

Abstract: Saliva is a critical fluid necessary for oral health. Xerostomia & salivary gland hypofunction are associated with advancing age, autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, head & neck radiation, smoking and recreational drug usage. It increases the patient's risk for caries and other oral infections. Palliative management of xerostomia includes topical agents such as ice chips, saliva substitutes, increasing water intake, paraffin and citric acid containing lozenges. Systemic agents stimulate salivary flow but often have unfavorable side effects. Aims and objectives: The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the unstimulated salivary flow with stimulated salivary flow after TENS therapy in normal healthy individuals and xerostomia patients and to compare the stimulated salivary........

Keywords: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), xerostomia, stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva.

[1] Patrecia Del Vigna de Almeida, Ana Maria Trindade Gregio, Maria Angela Naval Machado Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima Luciana Reis Azevedo, "Saliva Composition and Functions: A Comprehensive Review ", The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Volume 9, No. 3, March 1, 2008.
[2] Benn AML, Thomson W M, "Saliva: An Overview", New Zealand Dental Journal 2014 Sep;110(3):92-6.
[3] Peter M. Smith.Mechanisms of salivary secretion. In: Micheal Edgar, Colin Dawes, Denis O Mullane, editors. Text book of Saliva and Oral Health , 3rd edition ,chapter 2. BDJ;2004.
[4] Richard Pinka, Jiri Simeka, Jana Vondrakovab, Edgar Faberb, Petr Michla ,Jindrich Pazderaa, Karel Indrak,," SALIVA AS A DIAGNOSTIC MEDIUM ",Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2009, 153(2):103–110
[5] Porter SR, Scully C, Hegarty AM. An update of the etiology and management of xerostomia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;97:28-46.

Abstract: Post-exercise blood pressure change and its recovery time are considered to be an indicator of cardiovascular health. Obesity and hypertension are leading co morbidities associated with adverse cardiovascular events. The aim of this study is to analyze the post-exercise blood pressure recovery time in normal weight and overweight individuals, with or without hypertension. Two-hundred subjects (all adult male only) belonging to age groups between 20 years to 50 years were selected after informed consent of the participants. The total study sample included 100 hypertensive and 100 normotensive subjects. Each group included 50 overweight individuals and 50 subjects within normal Body Mass Index (BMI). All participants were asked to perform jogging for........

Keywords: Blood Pressure Recovery Time, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Hypertension.

[1] Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension, 2003, 42:1206–1252.
[2] Weber MA, Materson BJ: Hypertension guidelines: A major reappraisal critically examines the available evidence. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 12:229, 2010
[3] John E Hall. Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology: 12th Edition, 2013. Chapter 84. Elsevier, India.
[4] Sonya Jagadesan, Ranjani Harish, Priya Miranda, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana and Viswanathan Mohan. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among School Children and Adolescents in Chennai. Ind Pediatr. 2014; 51: 544-549
[5] Thang Nguyen, David C.W. Lau. The Obesity Epidemic and Its Impact on Hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2012; 28(3): 326–333.

Abstract: Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the extensiveness of a periapical lesion present in an endodontically treated molar using 2D-classical and 3D-modern radiological methods.Material and method: The assessment of this clinical case required the use of digital periapical radiography. Identification of endodontic treatment in upper right first molar and the periapical lesion, without being able to determine its extent, the bone defect and the possible associated maxillary sinus pathology led to the decision of performing advanced radiological investigations: CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography). Results: Small field of view CBCT images provided information about......

Keywords: CBCT, endodontic, evaluation periapical, radiography.

[1] Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Roig M, Shemesh H, Lambrechts P, Lemberg K., European Society of Endodontology position statement: The use of CBCT in Endodontics. International Endodontic Journal, 47, 2014, 502–504. [2] Fujii R1, Suehara M, Sekiya S, Miyayoshi N, Asai T, Morinaga K, Muramatsu T, Furusawa M., CBCT-based Diagnosis of Periapical Lesion of Maxillary First Premolar Mimicking That of Second Premolar, Bull Tokyo Dent Coll., 57(4), 2016, 291-297. [3] Scarfe WC, Levin MD, Gane D, Farman AG. Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics. International Journal of Dentistry. 2009; 2009:634567. doi:10.1155/2009/634567.
[4] ***, Dental radiographic examinations recommendations for patient selection and limiting radiation exposure, www.ada.org,2017, http://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Publications/ADA%20News/Files/Dental_Radiographic_Examinations_2012.pdf?la=en [5] Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Shemesh H, Roig M, Lemberg K. Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics – a review. International Endodontic Journal, 48, 3–15, 2015..

Abstract: Choroidalcoloboma results from faulty closure of the embryonal fissure of the eye during the sixth and seventh weeks of fetal development.1. Although the reported incidence is only 0.14% of the general population, 40% of these will develop a retinal detachment sometime during their lifetime 6. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is separation of neurosensory retina from retinal pigment epithelium with accumulation of subretinal fluid within the potential space in between. RRD is caused by a full thickness break in the neurosensory retina which initiates separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Vitreous synresis needs to be there for seepage of SRF and detachment. The colobomatous area consists of a thin layer of hypoplastic retinal tissue. Choroid and retinal pigment epithelium are not developed in this region, and sclera underlying the colobomatous area is usually thin and ectatic, leading to staphyloma. Retinal detachment caused by retinal breaks outside of the colobomatous area can be managed by conventional scleral buckling techniques..........

[1] Barishak, Y.R. in: Embryology of the Eye and Its Adnexae. Developments in Ophthalmology. v. 24.Karger, Basel, New York; 1992: 18–29

[2] .Schepens CL. Retinal Detachment and Allied Disorders. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1983; 615-7.

[3] Patnaik B. Kalsi R. Retinal detachment with coloboma of the choroid. Indian J Ophthalmol 1981; 29:345-9.

[4] Wang K, Hilton GF. Retinal detachment associated with coloboma of the choroid. Trans Am OphthalmolSoc 1985; 83:49-62.

[5] Gonvers M. Temporary use of silicone oil in the treatment of special cases of retinal detachment. Ophthalmologica 1983; 187:202-9..

Abstract: Aim: A case control study to compare the clinical profile of chronic obstructive lung diseases patients in acute exacerbations and stable COPD with age and sex matched controls and to compare the various parameters and its relation in terms of outcome in patient with COPD stable and acute exacerbations with age and sex matched controls. Methodology: It includes 60 cases of stable and exacerbation COPD patients each and 60 controls. COPD diagnosed according to GOLD guidelines. Mean platelet volume and high sensitive C- reactive protein was measured in COPD patients. Results: The MPV in the controls, stable cases group and for exacerbation group was 9.48±1.46, 8.26±0.58 and 8.21±0.46 fl respectively. The mean platelet volume of the stable cases those with FEV1 less than 30% had a mean platelet volume of 7.72±0.44 fl, and those within FEV1 30-50% and 50-80%.......

Keywords: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), xerostomia, stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva.

[1] From the global strategy for the Diagnosis Management and prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.(2015).
[2] Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American thoracic society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152; S77-S121.
[3] Critchley, Julia A., and Belgin Unal. "Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review." Thorax 58.5 (2003): 435-443.
[4] India Inhales. Available at: http://www.tve.org/lifeonline/ index.cfmaid= 1143.
[5] Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease(GOLD)..

Abstract: Cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a valuable diagnostic aid. It provides three dimensional detailed images of the region of interest with good quality. It allows volumetric analysis and it has short scan times. Ionizing radiation emitted from different radiographic procedures may induce DNA damage and genomic alteration. Genomic damages can be assessed and evaluated by numerous methods. The present study was accomplished to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of adults following CBCT exposure. Materials and Methods: 30 healthy male patients were recruited from outpatient's clinic of Faculty of Dentistry Pharos University of age ranging from 27 to 43 years. All patients were submitted to CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were collected immediately before CBCT and after 10 days. The cytological smears were examined to detect......

Keywords: CBCT, condensed chromatin, DNA, karyorrhexis, micronuclei, pyknosis..

[1] Shah N, Bansal N, Logani A. Recent advances in imaging technologies in dentistry. World J Radiol 2014: 28; 6(10): 794-807.
[2] Kumar V, Arora K, Udupa H. Different Radiographic Modalities Used for Detection of Common Periodontal and Periapical Lesions Encountered in Routine Dental Practice. Oral Hyg Health. 2014; 2 (5): 163 (11 pages).

[3] Chiam SL. A note on digital dental radiography in forensic odontology. J Forensic Dent Sci. 2014;6(3):197-201.
[4] Agrawal P, Sanikop S, Patil S. New developments in tools for periodontal diagnosis. Int Dent J. 2012, 62 (2): 57-64.
[5] Carter L, Farman AG, Geist J, Scarfe WC, Angelopoulos C, Nair MK, Hildebolt CF, Tyndall D, Shrout M. American Academy of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology executive opinion statement on performing and interpreting diagnostic cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 106 (4): 561–2.

Abstract: Radiation protection in medicine has unique aspects and is an essential element of medical practice.It is the science and art of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Use of Ionizing radiation in medical imaging is one of the powerful diagnostic tools, and accurate knowledge of radiation protection will affect the radiographers safety behaviors during practice.The aim of the study is to assess Radiologic Technologist workers radiation exposure in routine radiology workflow and the extent of following the Radiation Protection principles in Buraydah city, Al-Qassim State, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Total of 110 radiologic technologist students who were posted in various hospitals were included in this study and datawas collected through........ .

[1] S.B.Adejumo, N.K.Irurhe, O.A.Olowoyeye, A.Z.Ibitoye, C.U.Eze and O.D.Omiyi, 2012. Evaluation of Compliance to Radiation Safety Standard Amongst Radiographers in RadiodiagnosticCentres in South West, Nigeria. World journal of Medical Sciences 7(3): 194-196.
[2] Cletus ucheEze, LivinusChibuzoAbonyi, Jerome njoku, Nicholas kayoed Irurhe and OluwabolaOlowu. Nov-Dec 2013. Assesment of radiation protection practices among radiographers in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Medical journal, 54(6): 386-391.
[3] Rania Mohammed Ahmed, Afaf Mohamed TahaElamin, Elsamani M, Wisal B Hassan, Mar-2015. Knowledge and Performance of Radiographers towards Radiation Protection, Taif, Saudi Arabia. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences Volume 14, Issue 3 PP 63-68
[4] Ayşegül Yurt, BerrinÇavuşoğlu, TürkanGünay. 2014. Evaluation of Awareness on Radiation Protection and Knowledge About Radiological Examinations in Healthcare Professionals Who Use Ionized Radiation at Work. Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy 23(2): 48-53.
[5] Mohamed Anwar K. Abdelhalim Dec-2009. Patient dose levels for seven differentradiographic examination types. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 17, 115–118.