iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is also known as "golden staph" and Oro staphira, it is facultative anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. S. aureus is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause Staph infections. Total 105 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified from various samples. Organisms were identified by various tests like Catalase, Slide and Tube Coagulase, Mannitol fermentation tests, Phosphatase test, and DNase test. MRSA and MSSA test were also done. In this study total 105 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were processed. The incidence of Staphylococcal infections was more in males (62%) as compared to females (38%). Out of 105 samples, 93 (88.5%) were MSSA whereas 12 (11.5%) were MRSA. The need to properly detect beta lactamase production in clinical isolates becomes apparent after the first reports of the emergence of beta lactamase production in pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords: Isolate Staphylococcus aureus, AST, Detection of beta lactamase, Sensitivity of clover leaf and Acidometric methods

[1] Okunye Olufemi L, Adeleke Olufemi E, Adegoke O Andrew and Adeyemi Omokehinde H.Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and
Beta-lactamase Production in Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Recurrent Furunculosis in Southwestern, Nigeria. Sierra
Leone Journal of Biomedical Research ISSN 2076-6270 (Print) Vol. 3(3) pp. 123-127, December, 2011.
[2] Jamshaid ali khan, Zafar iqbal, Liaqat ali and Abbas khan. Prevalence and β-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching
hospital in peshawar, pakistan: a four year study Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar,
Pakistan.Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar
[3] Christoph K. Naber. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management Strategies, Department
of Cardiology, West-German Heart Center, Essen, Germany.
[4] Ekrem KILIC, MektemYalinayCirak "Comparison of Staphylococcal Beta-lactamase Detection", , FABAD J. Pharm. Sci., 31, 79-
84, 2006

Abstract: Background: A significant number of women living in rural areas use biomass fuel like wood, dung or crop residues for cooking. They are exposed to the smoke produced by combustion of these materials, which can cause harmful effects to the respiratory system. Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke on the lung functions of rural women. Methods: The case control study included 150 female subjects of comparable age group. 75 of them were biomass fuel users and 75 were liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) users. Both the groups had been exposed to the respective fuel during cooking for over 15 years............

Key words: Biomass fuel users, Liquefied petroleum gas users peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), decreased lung functions

[1]. TEDDY: Tata Energy Data Directory Yearbook 1998–1999. New Delhi: Tata Energy Research Institute.
[2]. Kalpana Balakrishnan , Ramaswamy P, Thangavel G, Mukhopadhyay K, Venugopal V, Thanasekaraan V et al. Air pollution from household solid fuel combustion in India: an overview of exposure and health related information to inform health research priorities. Global Health Action 2011; 4(5638):1-9.
[3]. Smith KR, indoor pollution in developing countries, recommendations for research, Indoor Air 2002;12: 198-207. google scholar
[4]. Regalado et al,. 2006; The effect of biomass burning on respiratory symptoms and lung functions in rural Mexican women. Am J Respir Crit Med, 174(8), 901905.http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200503-479OC
[5]. Padhi & Padhy 2008; Domestic fuels, indoor air pollution, and children‟s health. Ann N Y Acad Sci.1140,209-217.http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1454.015

Abstract: Introduction:Regional anaesthesia is a well accepted component of comprehensive anaesthetic care. Its role has expanded from the operating suite into the arena of postoperative and chronic pain management. Aims and objectives: comparative study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and side effects of addition of fentanyl to levobupivacaine (0.5%) in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Materials and Methods:Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group I (control) and group II (study). All the patients were subjected to brachial plexus block with supraclavicular approach. After obtaining paraesthesia, drugs were administered as follows: Group 1 (control group):- 0.5%plain Levobupivacaine........

Keywords: Analgesia, Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus, levobupivacaine, fentanyl.

[1]. Denise J. Weldel & Terese T. Horlocker: Nerve Block(chapter 52)-Miller's Anesthesia: seventh edition.
[2]. Hall RJ:Hydrochlorate of cocaine. NY Med J40:643,1884.
[3]. Halstead WS: Practical comments on the use and abuse of cocaine: Suggested by its invariably successful employment in more than thousand minor surgical operations;N Y Med J42:294,1885
[4]. Hirschel G:Anesthesia of the brachial plexus for operations on the upper extremity. Med Wochenschr 58:1555,1911.
[5]. de Jong R: Axillary block of the brachial plexus.Anesthesiology 22:215-225,1961

Abstract: Dentists as primary oral health care providers play an important role in developing positive oral health attitude among the general population. In order to achieve this, the dentist themselves should develop positive health behaviors and attitudes so that they can effectively teach what they believe. In this study we have tried to assess the oral health behaviors and attitudes among clinical and preclinical dental students of government dental college, Alappuzha using Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI). The HU-DBI score for clinical students was found to be slightly higher than for preclinical students which was however not statistically significant. The overall HU-DBI score was found to be 5.66. The low overall HB-DBI score emphasize the need for improvement in dental health behaviors and attitudes in the subjects involved.

Key words: Oral health behavior, Oral health attitude, HU-DBI score, Dental students

[1] Löe H. Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. International dental journal. 2000 Jun 1;50(3):129-39.
[2] Li X, Kolltveit KM, Tronstad L, Olsen I. Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2000 Oct 1;13(4):547-58.
[3] Moheet IA, Farooq I. Self-reported differences between oral health attitudes of pre-clinical and clinical students at a dental teaching institute in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi dental journal. 2013 Oct 1;25(4):149-52.
[4] Kawamura M. Dental behavioral science - The relationship between perceptions of oral health and oral status in adults. (In Japanese). ] Hiroshima Univ Dent Soc 1988 20: 273- 286.
[5] Kawabata K, Kawamura M, Miyagi M et al. The dental health behavior of university students and test-retest reliability of the HU-DBI. (In Japanese).J Dent Health 1990 40: 474-475.

Abstract: Background: Tracheal intubation is the most common and routinely performed procedure in any surgeries requiring general anaesthesia. The current study compares the Truflex articulating stylet with the conventional rigid malleable stylet during elective tracheal intubation with respect to intubation time, number of attempts and any complications during the procedure. Materials And Methods: It was single blinded, prospective, randomized, interventional study. After institutional ethics committee approval 160 patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups. One group with 80 subjects were intubated using Truflex articulating stylet and other group with 80 subjects were intubated using conventional rigid malleable stylet.Successful or failed intubation during first attempt was the primary objective. Total intubation time, glotticoscopy time, endotracheal tube negotiation time and any complications during procedure were the secondary objective...................

Keywords: Tracheal intubation, Truflex articulating stylet, laryngoscope

1. Boedeker BH, Barak-Bernhagen MA, Miller DJ, Nicholas TA 4th, Linnaus A, Murray WB. Improving rigid fiberoptic intubation: a comparison of the Bonfils Intubating Fiberscope with a novel modification. BMC Emerg Med. 2010 May 27;10:11
2. Juvin P, Lavaut E, Dupont H, Lefevre P, Demetriou M, Dumoulin JL, DesmontsJM.Difficult tracheal intubation is more common in obese than in lean patients. Anesth Analg. 2003 Aug;97(2):595-600
3. Cheney FW, Posner KL, Caplan RA. Adverse respiratory events infrequently leading to malpractice suits. A closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 1991;75:932‑9.
4. Marcin Cierniak, Marcin Nowakowski, DariuszTimler, Tomasz Gaszyński. A comparison of the effectiveness of intubation using a McGrath Series 5 videolaryngoscope with either a Truflex articulating stylet or a standard intubation stylet in a group of medical students. Signa Vitae 2015; 10(1): 127-135.
5. EftekharianJahromi HR. Guide Wire J-Tip Technique for Easy Exchange of In Situ Endotracheal Tubes. Iran J Med Sci 2012;37:141-3.

Abstract: Objective:Idiopathic CTEV is one of the common congenital complex deformity of the foot.Incidence of which is about 1/1000 live birth. Club foot is treated by series of corrective manipulation and cast application. Here in our series of study we follow the Ponseti's method. It is more effective, easy to be carried out in our country.Rehabilitation and follow up is done up to 6 years. Material and Method:In our study 63 cases of CTEV( Club foot) were treated by Ponseti's method in Department of Orthopaedics ,M.G.M. Medical College Hospital in between 2011 to 2017. The average age group of the children were 2 weeks to 2 years........

Keywords: CubitusVarus, idiopathic CTEV, Ponseti's method, Pirani's score, tenotomy

[1]. Ponseti IV. Introduction: Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals of Treatment. Oxford University Press, Chapter 1. 1996:1-8.
[2]. Cooper DM, Dietz FR. "Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Thirty- Year Follow Up Note. " J Bone Joint Surg 77(10):
1477-1489.
[3]. Herzenberg JE, Radler C. Bor N. Ponseti versus traditional methods of casting for idiopathic clubfoot. J PediatrOrthop.
2002;22:517-21
[4]. Ponseti IV and Campos J. Treatment of congenital clubfoot, Current Concepts review. J Bone Joint Surg 1992; 74A; 3:448-
53.
[5]. Ponseti IV"Common Errors in the treatment of congenital clubfoot. " International Orthopedics 1997, 21(2):137-141
[6]. Goksan S. B. Bursali A. Bigili F.et at. Ponseti Technique for the Correction of idiopathic clubfeet Presenting upto one year
of age. A Prilinimary Study in children with Untreated or Complex Deformities. Arch. Orthop. Traumato, Surg. 2006;
26(1): 15-21.

Abstract: Complicated crown root fractures in teeth poses great challenges to the clinician in the diagnosis and management. The prognosis of such teeth is questionable as extraction of the tooth is the most common treatment option. However, conservative treatment options such as reconstruction of the fractured fragments with fibre post and dual cure resin, followed by intentional replantation has been suggested as an alternative treatment approach. The present case report describes successful management of an unusual complicated crown root fracture of a maxillary left central incisor in a 24-year-old male by reconstructing the fragments with a fibre post and dual cure resin followed by intentional replantation. At one year follow up, the patient was asymptomatic, with normal clinical and radiographic features with restored esthetics.

Keywords: Complicated crown root fracture, intentional replantation, fiber post, dual cure resin

[1] Anthony J. DiAngelis, Jens O. Andreasen Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 1. Fractures and Luxations of Permanent Teeth. Pediatr Dent ,2012, 3 7 : 6 1 5 - 6
[2] Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell;2007. [3] Asgari et al, Indications and Case Series of Intentional Replantation of Teeth. Int Endod J. 2014;9(1):71-8
[4] Maheshwari et al Biologic Width - Critical Zone for a Healthy Restoration IOSR-JDMS: Feb. 2014 , 13( 2) : 93-8
[5] Rouhani A, Javidi B, Habibi M, Jafarzadeh H. Intentional Replantation: A Procedure as a Last Resort. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):486-92.

Abstract: Background Work: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia; is associated with abnormalities in carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism; and results in chronic complications including microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic disorders. Researchers have shown that as a result of these complications, the quality of life (QOL) of patients with type-2 DM is remarkably lower than the QOL of general population and also somewhat lower than patients with other chronic disease. Most complications are preventable and a key strategy is metabolic control through of diet, exercise, and medication Methodology: This study was a prospective observational study which was conducted over a period of one year among type-2 diabetic patients attended at out-patient department of Diabetes Center the patients were reviewed on daily bases those are within the study inclusion criteria enrolled into study........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Macrovascular, Microvascular, complications.

1. E. Etuk, S.A. Isezuo, A. Chika, J. Aknuche and M. Ali, Prescription pattern of anti-hypertensive drugs in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria, Annals of African medicine, volume 7, No. 3, 2008; pg. no 128-132.
2. Brain L. Strom, Stephen E. Kimmel, Text book of Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
3. Leon shargel, Alan H. Mutnick, Paul F. Souney, Larry N. Swanson, Comprehensive pharmacy review, 7th edition, pg. no 1165-1193, 850-870, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
4. Joseph T. Dipiro, Barbara G. Wells, Terry L. Schwinghammer, Cecily V. Dipiro, Pharmacotherapy, A pathophysiologic approach, 8th edition, pg. no 217-236, 116-135, McGraw Hill.
5. Chowdhury NA, Hayee MA, Alam N, Study of complications in hypertensive patients having irregular treatment, Bangladesh medical research council bulletin, 1993, Dec 19 (3): 86-93.

Abstract: Aim: Aim Of Our Study On Effective Stone Clearance Rate, To Analyze And Study The Intra And Post-Operative Complications And To Study The Morbidity In Terms Of Hospital Stay.Materials And Methods: It Is A Prospective Study Conducted In The Department Of Urology In Patients With Large Renal Calculi, Upper 1/3rd Ureteric, PUJ Calculus And Calyceal Calculi.Total 100 Patients Were Selected For The Study. 52cases Of Supracostal PCNL And 48 Cases Of Subcostal PCNL.Results: Duration Of Surgery Is Significantly <0.05 In Supracostal Group In Comparision With Subcostal Group Were As And Hospital Stay Are Less In Supracostal Group But Not Significantly............

[1]. James. E. Lingeman, Brain R Matlaga, Surgical Management If Upper Urinary Tract Calculi, Chapter-48, Page 1357-1410, Campbel/Walsh Urology, 10th Edi, Vol-2, W. B. Saunders.
[2]. Preminger. G. M Et Al., Chap-1, AUA Guidelineson Management Of Satg Horn Calculi: Diagnosis And Treatment Recomendations, J Urol: Jun 2005, 173 (6): 1991-2000.
[3]. Sukumar, S,. Nair, B., Kumar, P. G. Et Al, Supracoatal Access For Percuatneous Nephrolithotomy: Less Morbid, More Effective. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40: 263-267.
[4]. Kekre, N. S., Gopalakrishnan, G. G., Gupta, G. G. Et Al. Supracostal Approach In Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Experience With 102 Cases. J. Endourol 2001; 15: 789-791.
[5]. Stening SG, Et Al :Supracostal Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy For Upper Pole Caliceal Calculi. March 2009, 12(4): 359-362

Abstract: H .pylori infection is commonly associated with Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Role of H. pylori in the development of peptic ulcers with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) is still not clear. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection among the CLD patients and to identify its relationship in development of peptic ulcer among CLD patients. 60 patients were enrolled from Out Patient Department (OPD) of Medical Gastroenterology in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata. All patients underwent blood tests to evaluate the liver chemistry. To establish the etiology of chronic liver disease, various biochemical parameters were examined. To find presence of peptic ulcer upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, ultrasonography was conducted...........

Key Words: Peptic ulcer, chronic liver disease, H. pylori

[1]. Wu CS, Lin CY, Liaw YF. Helicobacter pylori in cirrhotic patients with peptic ulcer disease; A prospective, case control study. Gastrointest Endosc; 42(5):424-427, Nov 1995
[2]. Cyrer B, Spechler SJ. Peptic ulcer disease. In : Felman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds, Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and ;liver disease 8th ed. P - 1089-1110, Philadelphia, Saunder' s,2006.
[3]. Zullo A, Hassan C, Morini S. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with liver cirrhosis, facts and fiction. Dig Liver Dis 35: 197-205, 2003.
[4]. Fraser AG, Pounder RE, Borroughs AK, Gastric secretion and peptic ulceration in cirrhosis, J Hepatol 19: 171-182, 1993.
[5]. Pan WD, Xun RY, Chen YN, Correlation of portal hypertensive gastropathy of hepatitis B cirrhosis with other m factors. Hepatobiliary pancreat Dis Int. 2002; 1: 527-531

Abstract: Objective:Idiopathic CTEV Is One Of The Common Congenital Complex Deformity Of The Foot.Incidence Of Which Is About 1/1000 Line Birth. Club Foot Is Treated By Series Of Corrective Manipulation And Cast Application. Here In Our Series Of Study We Follow The Ponseti's Method. It Is More Effective, Easy To Be Carried Out In Our Country.Rehabilitation And Follow Up Is Done Up To 6 Years. Material And Method:In Our Study 63 Cases Of CTEV( Club Foot) Were Done By Ponseti's Method Carried Out In M.G.M. Medical College Hospital In Between 2011 To 2017. The Average Age Group Of The Children Were 2 Weeks To 2 Years.......

Keywords: Cubitusvarus, Idiopathic CTEV, Ponseti's Method, Pirani's Score, Tenotomy

[1]. Ponseti IV. Introduction: Congenital Clubfoot: Fundamentals Of Treatment. Oxford University Press, Chapter 1. 1996:1-8.
[2]. Cooper DM, Dietz FR. "Treatment Of Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Thirty- Year Follow Up Note. " J Bone Joint Surg 77(10): 1477-1489.
[3]. Herzenberg JE, Radler C. Bor N. Ponseti Versus Traditional Methods Of Casting For Idiopathic Clubfoot. J Pediatrorthop. 2002;22:517-21
[4]. Ponseti IV And Campos J. Treatment Of Congenital Clubfoot, Current Concepts Review. J Bone Joint Surg 1992; 74A; 3:448-53.
[5]. Ponseti IV"Common Errors In The Treatment Of Congenital Clubfoot. " International Orthopedics 1997, 21(2):137-141
[6]. Goksan S. B. Bursali A. Bigili F.Et At. Ponseti Technique For The Correction Of Idiopathic Clubfeet Presenting Upto One Year Of Age. A Prilinimary Study In Children With Untreated Or Complex Deformities. Arch. Orthop. Traumato, Surg. 2006; 26(1): 15-21.

Abstract: Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) which can affect people of any age group caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). There's no complete cure for HIV till Date. Incidence among donors reflects the overall disease burden on the society. It can be transmitted by sexual intercourse, sharing of needles, transfusion of blood and blood products and vertical transmission from mother to child. Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) Threaten safety of the recipients and the community as a whole and are the subject of real concern worldwide. Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among the blood donors, those comes to donate blood at different Blood Banks of Madhya Pradesh India, For a period of ten years, i.e.. From: 2008 to 2017.........

Keyword: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs), Blood Donor (BD), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

[1]. Unaids (2017) Data Book [Pdf]
[2]. Naco (2015) ‗Annual Report 2015 -16' [Pdf]
[3]. Hiv And Aids In India / Avert Https://Www.Avert.Org/Professionals/Hiv-Around-World/Asia-Pacific/India
Last Updated: 05 December 2017, Last Full Review: 01 December 2016
[4]. Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann Jc, Rey F Et Al. Isolation Of A T-Lymphocytic Retrovirus From A Patient At A Risk For Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids).Science 1983:220:868-871.
[5]. Weiss Ra (May 1993). "How Does Hiv Cause Aids?". Science 260 (5112)-9. Bibcode: 1993 Sci…….260.1273w.
Doi:10.1126/Science.8493571. Pmid 8493571

Abstract: Purpose:External Laryngeal Manipulation (ELM) Is Used To Get Better Laryngeal View During Direct Laryngoscopy.This Study Was Designed To Test The Hypothesis That ELM Done By The Intubating Anesthetist(Laryngoscopist) Offers The Best Laryngeal View For Tracheal Intubation.Materials And Method:A Total Of 160 Patients Underwent Different Surgical Procedures Were Included In This Study. Percentage OfGlottic Opening (POGO) Score And Cormack And Lehane Scale Were Used As Outcome Measures ForComparison Between Different Laryngoscopic Views.Four Views Were Described; Basic LaryngoscopicView And Then Views After ELM Done By The Assistant, By The Laryngoscopist And Finally By The AssistantAfter The Guidance From The Laryngoscopist Respectively.........

Key Words: Cormack And Lehane Scale, External Laryngeal Manipulation, Glottic Opening Score, Laryngeal View

[1]. Levitan RM, Mickler T, Hollander JE. Bimanual laryngoscopy: A videographic study of external laryngeal manipulation by novice intubators. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;40:30–7. [PubMed]
[2]. Levitan RM, Kinkle WC, Levin WJ, Everett WW. Laryngeal view during laryngoscopy: A randomized trial comparing cricoid pressure, backwardupwardrightward pressure, and bimanual laryngoscopy. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;47:548–55. [PubMed]
[3]. Benumof JL, Cooper SD. Quantitative improvement in laryngoscopic view by optimal external laryngeal manipulation. J Clin Anesth. 1996;8:136–40. [PubMed]
[4]. Levitan RM, Ochroch EA, Kush S, Shofer FS, Hollander JE. Assessment of airway visualization: Validation of the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) scale. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:919–23. [PubMed]

Abstract: It Is The Prosthodontist's Responsibility To Fabricate A Prosthesis Incorporating Stability, Retention And Support Which Ultimately Provide Satisfaction To The Patient. But In The Certain Conditions Such As Long Lip Length Or Severely Resorbed Ridges With Increased Inter Ridge Distance, The Weight Of A Maxillary Denture Is Often A Dislodging Factor. Hence, A Light Weight Denture Is Required For Better Retention.TheLaboratory Procedure Generally Used In The Construction Of A Hollow Maxillary Denture Is Rather Complicated. A More Simple And Accurate Method For Fabrication Of A Hollow Maxillary Denture Is Described In This Case Report Which Has Advantages Over Previously Described Techniques.

[1]. [Sullivan M, Hansen N, Cronin RJ, Cagna D. The Hollow Maxillary Complete Denture: A Modified Technique. J Prosthet Dent
2004;91:591-4.
[2]. Jacobson TE, Krol AJ. A Contemporary Review Of The Factors Involved Incomplete Denture Retention, Stability, And Support.
Part I: Retention. JprosthetDent 1983;49:5-15.
[3]. Brown KE. Fabrication Of A Hollow-Bulb Obturator. J Prosthet Dent 1969;21:97-103.
[4]. Mahdy AS. Processing A Hollow Obturator. J Prosthet Dent 1969;22:682-6.
[5]. Ackerman AJ. Prosthetic Management Of Oral And Facial Defects Following Cancer Surgery. J Prosthet Dent 1955;5:413-32