iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Introduction: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited deficiency that may cause neonatal jaundice, as has been found in several countries and different ethnic groups.G6PD is an enzyme essential for basic cellular functions including protection of red cell proteins from oxidative damage. G6PD deficiency is the most common red cell enzyme abnormality associated with hemolysis as well as with neonatal jaundice and also associated with kernicterus and even death. It is a genetically inherited sex-linked abnormality. Methods: The study was done on 994 clinically icteric babies without other risk factors for neonatal jaundice, admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of GMCH, Guwahati over a period of 1 year. Investigations included direct and indirect..............

[1] Madan N, Sundaram KR, Bhargava SK ,Sood SK. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Indian J med Res. 1989; 306-13.
[2] Working group-Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull WHO. 1989;67:601.
[3] Luzzatto L, Bienzle U. The malaria/G-6-P.D. hypothesis. 3. Lancet 1979; 1 : 1183-4.
[4] Nair H. Neonatal screening program for G6PD deficiency in India: need and feasibility. Indian Pediatrics. 2009 Dec;46: 1045-48.
[5] People of India: an introduction. Calcutta, India: Anthropological Survey of India; 1992.

Abstract: Objectives: This study was designed to determine the level of awareness and attitude toward refractive correction methods in a randomly selected population in Goa, India. Materials and Methods: A random cluster sampling method was applied to choose 200 subjects aged 16 years and above from Goan population. A structured questionnaire with open-ended and closed ended questions was designed to gather the participants' demographic data such as: gender, age, educational status and occupation, as well as their awareness and attitude toward refractive correction methods (Spectacles, Contact lenses and Refractive surgery). Results: In overall.........

Key Words: Attitude Awareness Refractive correction Refractive error.

[1] Swanson MW, McGwin G. Visual impairment and functional status from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey on Disability. Ophthalmic Epidemiol.2004; 11:227.
[2] World Health Organization. Vision 2020.Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Fact Sheet No 1213. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
[3] Dandona R, Dandona L. Refractive error blindness. BullWorld Health Organ 2001; 79:237–43.
[4] Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Mariotti SP, Pokharel GP. Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004.BullWorld Health Organ 2008; 86:63-70.
[5] Ostadimoghaddam H, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Yekta A, Heravian J, Rezvan F, et al. Prevalence of the refractive errors by age and gender in Mashhad, Iran: the Mashhad eye study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2011; 39(8):743-51.

Abstract: A prospective study of soft tissue tumors on aspiration cytology with histopathologic correlation was undertaken during the period of one year. Out of total 502 cases, 435(86.65%) were benign aspirates, 65(12.94%) were malignant aspirates and 2(0.39%) were intermediate type. Overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 88.10 % for diagnosis of nature of the tumor on cytology. Most common malignant neoplasm in our study was extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma followed by rhabdomyosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. There was three false-positive diagnosis, giving a false-positive rate of 6.12% and seven false-negative diagnosis giving a false-negative rate of 20.0%. Positive predictive value for cytological diagnosis was 90.32% and negative predictive value was 86.79%.

Keywords:Soft tissue tumor, Correlational study, Cytology, Histology, Extra-skeletal Ewing Sarcoma, DFSP, MPNST, MFH, RMS, Fibrosarcoma, GCT of Tendon Sheath, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value, Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC .

[1] Layfield L J, Anders KH, Glasgow BJ, Mirra JM. Fine needle aspiration of primary soft tissue lesions. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986; 110: 420-24.
[2] Bommer KK, Ramzy I, Mody D. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and management of bone lesions: a study of 450 cases. Cancer. 1997;81(3):148–56.
[3] Wakely PE, Kneisl JS. Soft tissue aspiration cytopathology : diagnostic accuracy and limitations. Cancer Cytopathol 2000; 90(5) : 292-97.
[4] García-Solano J, García-Rojo B, Sánchez-Sánchez C, MontalbánRomero S, Martínez-Parra D, Pérez-Guillermo M. On the utility and limitations of fine-needle aspiration of palpable lesions located in the hand. DiagnCytopathol. 2000;23(4):284–291.
[5] Hirachand S, Lakhey M, Singha AK, Devkota S, Akhter J. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of soft tissue tumours (STT). Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2007;5(3):374–377..

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced by perennial or seasonal allergen exposure causing inflammation of membranes lining the nose, characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, itching of the nose and/or post-nasal discharge. The prevalence of AR is associated with a variety of environmental allergens and the level of exposure through direct contact, inhalation, or ingestion. It is clear from several studies and guidelines that screening and identification of various allergens in a particular region can facilitate in diagnosing, treating and formulating preventive strategies against AR. Since the preventive strategy and treatment of AR depends on correct identification of clinically relevant allergens in a particular region. This multi centric study was undertaken to evaluate the allergen patterns in patients with severe persistent allergic rhinitis from Central...........

Keywords: Severe Persistent Allergic Rhinitis, Allergens, Modified Skin Prick Test.

[1] Varshney J, Varshney H. Allergic rhinitis: An overview. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(2):143–149.
[2] Chandrika D. Allergic rhinitis in India: An overview. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;3(1):1-6.
[3] Lin H, Lin R, Li N. Sensitization rates for various allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao, China Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015;12:10984-10994.
[4] Singh AB, Mathur C. An aerobiological perspective in allergy and asthma. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012;2(3):210–222.
[5] Wu AYY. Immunotherapy - Vaccines for allergic diseases. J Thorac Dis. 2012;4(2): 198–202.

Abstract: Aims & Objectives: Epidemiological data pertaining to maternal mortality is valuable in each set up to design interventional programs to favorably reduce the ratio. This study was done to evaluate the maternal mortality rate in our hospital, to assess the epidemiological aspects and to suggest recommendations for improvement. Methods: This was a 5- year retrospective study. Epidemiological data was collected from the hospital register and maternal mortality ratio, epidemiological factors and causes affecting maternal mortality were assessed. Results: A total of 160 maternal deaths occurred out of 51629 deliveries from June 2012 to July 2017. Most maternal deaths (50.6%) occurred in the age group of 18–24 years and among multiparous (55.6%) and unbooked patients. Majority..........

[1] Salhan S. Process documentation of the initiative to "improve the quality of Maternal Health through implementation of facility based review of maternal deaths" Regional Health Forum. 2005;9(1):19–26.
[2] Nour NM. An Introduction to Maternal Mortality. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1(2):77-81.
[3] Khan N, Pradhan MR.Identifying Factors Associated with Maternal Deaths in Jharkhand, India: A Verbal Autopsy Study.J HEALTH POPUL NUTR 2013 Jun;31(2):262-271.
[4] Faveau V, Koenig MA, Chakraborty J, Chowdhury AI (1988) Causes of maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh, 1976–85. Bull World Health Organ 66: 643–651 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[5] Bhatia JC (1993) Levels and causes of maternal mortality in southern India. Stud Fam Plann 24: 310–8..

Abstract: A 38-year-old female was evaluated in our outpatient department with complaints of intermittent vague upper abdominal pain lasting for 2 months. She did not report any other Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints and had an unremarkable past history and physical examination. Ultrasound abdomen and CECT abdomen were suggestive of acalculous cholecystitis. 99mTc-mebrofininhepatobiliary scintigraphy showed cholecystitis with severe dysfunction of gallbladder and duodenogastric reflux. We planned for an elective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and after releasing the omental adhesions, found a toothpick protruding out from first part of duodenum, closely applied to gallbladder wall with surrounding inflammation. We removed the toothpick with Maryland forceps and did cholecystectomy, with suturing of perforation in duodenum. The histopathological examination of gallbladder was reported as acalculous cholecystitis. Acalculous cholecystitis is traditionally thought to occur in patients with serious medical or surgical illness. Foreign body perforation of GI tract is not a recognized cause of acute acalculouscholecystitis. Foreign body perforation can be included as differential diagnosis in young and fit patients with discordant clinical picture of acalculous cholecystitis. species

[1]. Goh BK, Chow PK, Quah HM, et al. Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract secondary to ingestion of foreign bodies.World J
Surg2006;30:372–7 [2]. Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis, Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, Volume 39, Issue 2,Pages 343-357;Philip S. Barie, Soumitra R. Eachempati.
[3]. Mehran A, Podkameni D, Rosenthal R, et al. Gastric perforation secondary toingestion of a sharp foreign body. JSLS 2005;9:91-3 [4]. Henneman D, Bosman W-M, Ritchie ED, van den Bremer J. Gastric perforation due to foreign body ingestion mimicking acute cholecystitis. BMJ Case Reports. 2015;2015:bcr2014207806.doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-207806.
[5]. Glick WA, Simo KA, Swan RZ, et al. Pyogenic hepatic abscess secondary to endolumenal perforation of an ingested foreign body. J GastrointestSurg 2012;16:885–7.

Abstract: Background: Distal end radius fracture is one of the most common upper extremity fracture. Intraarticular distal end of radius fracture is a therapeutic challenge. They can be managed by various treatment modalities. The function outcome of a particular treatment modality needs to be further studied. Objectives: To evaluate the functional outcome and complications of intraarticular distal radius fracture treated by volar locking plate fixation. Methods: Prospective study involving Adults (18-60years) with intraarticular distal radius fracture admitted to a Tertiary care center in Kerala,India in the period from February 2016 to July 2017. In this study 35 patients with intraarticular distal radius fracture selected by consecutive sampling were treated with volar locking plate. Serial follow.......

Keywords: Intraarticular distal radius fracture, Volar locking plate, Functional outcome, prospective study.

[1] Arora R, Gabl M, Gschwentner M, Deml C, Krappinger D, Lutz M. A comparative study of clinical and radiologic outcomes of unstable colles type distal radius fractures in patients older than 70 years: nonoperative treatment versus volar locking plating. J Orthop Trauma. 2009 Apr;23(4):237–42.
[2] Jakubietz MG, Gruenert JG, Jakubietz RG. Palmar and dorsal fixed-angle plates in AO C-type fractures of the distal radius: is there an advantage of palmar plates in the long term? J Orthop Surg. 2012 Feb 17;7:8.
[3] Ruch DS, Papadonikolakis A. Volar versus dorsal plating in the management of intra-articular distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg. 2006 Jan;31(1):9–16.
[4] Earp BE, Foster B, Blazar PE. The use of a single volar locking plate for AO C3-type distal radius fractures. Hand N Y N. 2015 Dec;10(4):649–53.
[5] Levin SM, Nelson CO, Botts JD, Teplitz GA, Kwon Y, Serra-Hsu F. Biomechanical Evaluation of Volar Locking Plates for Distal Radius Fractures. Hand N Y N. 2008 Mar;3(1):55–60..

Abstract: The growing population has set off alarm bells in developing nations including India. Inspite of a well-conceived and implemented family planning programme since 1952, the reduction in population growth has still not reached the desired levels. This study is a pilot study for designing an operational research study in the field of family planning programme with the focus on the contraceptive prevalence rate and its associateddeterminant factors among the rural population which may have an impact on the utility of services provided by government family planning programmes. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 300 eligible couples residing in the rural practice area of Government Medical College Patiala. The results showed the modern contraceptive prevalence rate of 58.7% with range of 46% to 72% in various blocks of the practice area This was dependent upon factors like religion, beliefs, age at marriage, type of family, number of living children,literacy status of female partner and the socioeconomic status.

Keywords: Contraception practice, Contraceptiveprevalence rate, eligible couple

[1]. International Institute for Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015-16. 2017; India. Mumbai: IIPS.
[2]. Jin Rou New NC, John Stover, Yogender Pal Gupta, Leontine Alkema. Levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning for 29 states and union territories in India: a modelling study using the Family Planning Estimation Tool. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5: e350-58.
[3]. International Institute for Population Sciences. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), India, 2015-16. 2017; Punjab. Mumbai: IIPS.
[4]. Khairnar MR WU, Shimpi PV. Updated BG Prasad socioeconomic classification for 2016. J Indian Assoc. Public Health Dent. 2016; 14:469-70.
[5]. Sharma. Revision of Prasad's social classification and provision of an online tool for real-time updating. South Asian J Cancer 2013; 2:157..

Abstract: Introduction: PFT has been used as an important diagnostic tool to determine the pulmonary conditions. It can diagnose various restrictive and obstructive lung diseases. Burla, a small town In Western Odisha, in Sambalpur district, has a large number of sporadic cases of bronchial asthma, mostly in young age group. This work is done to find out the reason for such an occurrence of bronchial asthma here. Material and Method: 72 boys from Government High School , Burla were taken and PFT done on them by Spirometer to detect the various parameters like Vital Capacities, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume. Result: The Vital Capacities in children were found lower in comparison to the studies done on children of the same age groups on other parts of the country and also western countries. Conclusion: Children in this area has some weakness in ventilatorry efficiencies which can be attributed to inadequate nutrition and environmental factors..

Key Words: Brinchial asthma, Vital Capacity, Spirometer

[1]. Singh and Prabhakaran- Singh H D and Prabhakaran S.: Pulmonary Function Studies, JIMA, 29:169, 1957.
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[6]. Ferris B G, Whittenberger J L and Gallagher J R : Maximum Breathing Capacity and Vital Capacity in male children and adolescents. Paed., 9:p659-669, 1952.

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the serious complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with a higher incidence of mortality ranging from 7% to 47% [1]. A tenfold increase in mortality has been shown to be observed in AP associated with acute renal failure [2]. Objectives (i) To identify the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients admitted with severe acute pancreatitis (based on revised Atlanta criteria-2012), (ii) To determine the severity of AKI in these patients based on the KDIGO-AKI-2012 criteria, based on urine output and serum creatinine elevation, (iii) To assess the mode of management and outcome of the renal dysfunction in these patients. Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional study of 100 patients, who were admitted in Govt. Stanley Medical College with severe acute pancreatitis diagnosed......

Keywords: acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, serum amylase

[1]. Halonen KI, Leppaniemi AK, Puolakkainen PA, Lundin JE, Kemppaine EA, Hietaranta AJ, Haapiainen RK. Severe acute pancreatitis: prognostic factors in 270 consecutive patients. Pancreas 2000;21(3):266-71.
[2]. Kes P, Vucicević Z, RatkovićGusić I, Fotivec A. Acute renal failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis. Ren Fail. 1996;18:621.
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[4]. Nadezda Petejova, Arnost Martinek, Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Olomouc Czech Repub. 2013 Jun; 157(2):105-113.
[5]. M. D.Menger, T. Plusczyk, and B. Vollmar, "Microcirculatory derangements in acute pancreatitis," Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 187–194, 2001..

Abstract: Aim: To study the drug utilization pattern in Aswini hospital , Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (T.T.D), Tirumala and evaluate pattern of acute diseases to identify potential causes and their prevention. Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study involving 10,000 Outpatients. Prescriptions were collected from Out Patient Department (OPD).Data expressed as percentages. Results : A total of 27,900 drugs were prescribed. The commonly prescribed drugs were paracetamol(42%), cetirizine (30% ) and antibiotics (8%). 40% of patients suffered from fever, 32% with cold, 14% with cough and 10% with cold and cough. Conclusion: Fever, cold and cough are major ailments observed in this study. Health education of pilgrims and improvement of sanitation in hotels and bathing places may reduce the incidence of diseases.

Keyword: Pilgrim centres, Out patients, Diseases, Treatment, Drug utilization and Prevention

[1]. Priyanka Patange , Srinithivihahshini N.D , Mahajan D.M.Pilgrimage and the environment: Challenges in a pilgrimage centre in Maharashtra, India International Journal Of Environmental Sciences Volume 3, No 6, 2013.
[2]. World Health Organization. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings: Key considerations. 2008 Geneva, Switzerland.

[3]. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008 (WHO/CDS/EPR). Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/Mass_gatherings2.pdf
[4]. Ziad A Memish & Abdullah A Al-Rabeeah. Public health management of mass gatherings: the Saudi Arabian experience with MERS-CoV. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2013;91:899-899A. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.132266
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/12/13-132266/en/
[5]. Ziad A Memish, Gwen Stephens, Adullah Al Rabeeah Mass gatherings health November 21, 2011 DOI:10.1016/S1473- 3099(11)70319-X.

Abstract: Primary Hyperparathyroidism is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding of hypercalcemia in blood tests or due to symptoms secondary to the high calcium. Overt bone disease is an extremely rare presentation. Fractures in hyperparathyroidism are unusual and usually affect the vertebrae. Generally pathological fractures have been described in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. We report a case with benign parathyroid adenoma who primarily presented with pathological fractures of long bones. Excision of the parathyroid adenoma brought the normal biochemistry profile and increases the bone density, this leads to reunion of fracture..

[1] Henry,J.Mankin.: An instruction course lecture- Metabolic bone disease. The American Academy of orthopaedic surgeons. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery; 1994;Vol- 76A, No.5; 760-788.
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[3] R.G.Deshmukh., S.A.L.Alsagoff., S.Krishnan et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with pathological fracture. The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, December 1998; Vol-43, 424-427.
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Abstract: Background:Oral cavity cancer is a significant health problem in India. Majority of patients present with locally advanced disease requiring multimodality treatment. Despite recent advances overall prognosis remains guarded. Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being explored with premise of reducing extent of surgical resection, improving loco-regional control and decreasing distant metastasis, thereby improving treatment outcomes by decreasing mortality and morbidity.Aim: To evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced,unresectable oral cavity cancers. Materials And Methods: Mono institutional retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancers, who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) during the period between october 2014 to October 2015. Data regarding patient characteristics, chemotherapy received, toxicity, response rates, local treatment offered, patterns of failure, and overall survival analyzed from a prospectively......

Keywords: oral cavity cancer, unresectable ,neoadjuvant chemotherapy, Adjuvant radiotherapy, surgery, locoregional treatment.

[1]. Kademani D. Oral cancer. Mayo ClinProc 2007;82:878-87.
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[4]. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108.
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Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person. An unsafe blood transfusion is not only affecting the recipients themselves but also for their families, their communities and the wider society. Aims and Objectives: Present study is aimed to know the prevalence of HBV among the blood donors in Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India. Materials & Methods: Present study is a retrospective analysis of medical records at MPSACS Bhopal of the blood donors who donate their blood at NACO supported blood banks, Madhya Pradesh, India. Blood units were collected and screened for HbsAg at different blood banks of............

Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus, Blood Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections.

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[3]. Lavanchy D. 2004. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J. Viral Hepat. 11:97–107 [PubMed]

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital uterine anomalies represent a distortion of the uterine anatomy due to maldevelopment of the Mullerian duct system. They occur in 1 to 10% of the population, 2 to 8% of infertile women and 5 to 30% of those with miscarriages.
CASE PRESENTATION: Mrs RM was a 26 year old booked primigravida who was earlier managed as a case of primary dysmenorrhoea. A hysterosalpingography was performed when was about a year into marriage which revealed a uniconuate uterus. She conceived spontaneously and booked at about 16 weeks gestational age. She had persistent breech presentation at term and subsequently had elective Cesarean section. She was delivered of a live male baby that weighed 2.9 kilogram. There was a right unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn. Both the mother and baby did well and were discharged home. They were also seen at the post-natal clinic after five weeks in satisfactory condition

Keywords: Breech presentation, Cesarean Section, Congenital anomally,Term Pregnancy,Unicornuate uterus

[1] H1. Meryem, K. Mehmet , G. A. Ahmet. Case of Unicornuate Uterus Accidentally Discovered During Patient's Fourth Delivery : Eur J Basic Med Sci . 2015;5(4): 67-69
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Abstract: Parkinsons disease, Parkinson plus syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP),multi system atrophy Parkinsons type(MSA-P), cortico basal degeneration (CBD), Huntingtons chorea, Wilsons disease, Halloverden spatz disease &normal pressure hydrocephalus(NPH).

[1] Mario Mascalchi, Alessandra Vella, and Roberto Ceravolo, Movement Disorders: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 35:239–256 (2012)
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Abstract: Inter-trochanteric fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly population. They contribute upto 45% of all hip fractures1. Unstable inter-trochanteric fractures in elderly age group are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality2. Lately the results have improved with internal fixation and early mobilisation. However fracture comminution, osteoporosis and instability often prevent full weight bearing early3. Both direct and indirect forces result in these fractures following fall. Koval4 and Zukerman postulated that Intertrochanteric fractures constitute almost 50% of fractures of the proximal femur. Direct forces act along the axis of the femur or directly over greater trochanter. Indirect forces include pull of the Ilio-psoas muscle on the lesser trochanter and pull of the abductor muscle on the greater trochanter region. Intertrochanteric fractures is often seen in patients over 60 years of age. They are three times more frequent in women than men due to postmenopausal.........

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