iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Vitiligo Is A Systemic Disorder Influencing The Whole Pigmentary System Including Melanocytes In The Inner Ear. The Loss Or Reduction Of Melanocytes In The Inner Ear May Have A Critical Effect On Hearing.; Most Vitiligo Patients Are Asymptomatic For Audiological Abnormalities. The Aim Of The Present Study Was To Evaluate The Auditory Function In Vitiligo Patients. The Study Group Included 15 Cases Of Various Types Of Vitiligo. Fifteen Age- And Sex-Matched Non Vitiligo Cases Were Included As Controls In The Study. A Thorough Audiological Examination Including Pure Tone Audiometry, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission And Auditory Brain Stem Response Were Carried Out In All Patients And Controls.........

Keywords: Vitiligo, Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission, Auditory Brainstem Response.

[1]. Ardic F., Aktan S., Kara C. And Sanli B. (1998): High-Frequency And Reflex Latency In Patients With Pigment Disorder. Am J Otolaryngol. Nov-Dec; 19(6): 365-369.
[2]. Bassiouny A., Farid S. And El Khousht M. (1998): Hearing Abnormalities In Vitiligo. Egypt. J Otolaryngol, 15.1, January; 51-60.

[3]. Hilding D. And Ginzberg R. (1977): Pigmentation Of The Stria Vascularis. The Contribution Of Neural Crest Melanocytes. Acta Otolaryngol: 84, 24-37.
[4]. Kemp E., Waterman E. And Weetman A. (2001): Immunological Pathomechanisms In Vitiligo. Expert Reviews In Molecular Medicine Cambridge University Press ISSN. 1462-3994.
[5]. Majumder P., Nordlund J. And Nath S. (1993): Pattern Of Familial Aggregation Of Vitiligo. Arch Dermatol 129, 994-998.

Abstract: alivary Gland Tumours Are Rare With Along Natural History. The Aim Was To Study The Pathological Features From A Series Comprising All The Cases Of Salivary Gland Tumours From A Single Institution Over The Course Of One Year. The Fifty Cases Were Distributed Equally Between Males And Females.Histopathological Studies Showed 30 Cases To Be Benign And 19 Malignant. The Commonest Benign Tumour, And The Commonest Overall Was Pleomorphic Adenoma With29 Cases. Of The Malignancies, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma With 6 Cases Were The Most Common Followed By Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Muco-Epidermoid Carcinoma With 4 Cases Each. The Commonest Site Of Origin Overall Was The Parotid Gland With 34 Cases While The Submandibular.........

Keywords: Salivary Gland, Pleomorphic Adenoma, Benign, Malignant, Parotid Gland, Tumours

[1]. GLEESON M, CAWSON R. Scott- Brown; 4:7
[2]. JONES AS, BEASLEY NJ, HOUGHTON DJ, HELLIWELL TR, HUSBAND DJ. Tumours Of The Minor Salivary Glands. Clinical Otolaryngology And Allied Sciences; 1998:23:27-33
[3]. GASTON EA, TADESCHI CG. Adenolymphoma Of The Parotid And Submaxillary Salivary Glands. Ann Surg. 1946; 123(6):1075-89
[4]. MCFARLAND J. Three Hundred Mixed Tumours Of The Salivary Glands, Of Which Sixty-Nine Recurred. Surggynecol Obstet. 1936; 63:45768
[5]. EVANS RW, CRUICKSHANK AH. Epithelial Tumours Of The Salivary Glands. Major Problpathol; 1970:1:1-299.

Abstract: Background:Endometrium That Lines The Uterine Cavity Is One Of The Most Dynamic Tissue In The Human Body,Is Characterised By Cyclic Responses To The Hormones That Leads To Cell Proliferation, Differentiation And Death, Response To The Sex Steroids,Thus An Interesting Tissue For Histopathology Study. The Microscopic Picture On Histopathological Examinationdifferswith Age Of The Patient, Type And Dose Of The Hormonal Therapy.The Aim Of The Study Is To Study The Histopathological Spectrum Of Endometrial Tissue Biopsies In D &C.Materials & Methods: This Is A Descriptive, Cross Sectional Study Over A Period Of 6 Months From July 2017 To December 2017. Total 100 Tissue Samples Of Dilatation & Curettage,Done For Diagnostic And Therapeutic Purpose, At The Department Of Gynaecology And Obstetrics. These Samples Were Received To Department Of Pathology.......

Keywords: Endometrium, Proliferative Phase, Secretory Phase, Estrogen, Progesterone..

[1]. Mutter G.L, Ferenczy A, Blaustein's Pathology Of Female Genital Tract: Anatomyand Histology Of The Uterine Corpus, Fifth Edition; Springer-Verlag; 2002: 383-419.
[2]. 2.Speroff L, Fritz Ma. Menopause And The Peri-Menopausal Transition. In :Clinicalgynaecologic Endocrinology And Infertility. 7th Edition. Jaypee Brothersmedpublishers (P) Ltd. 2005: 621-88.
[3]. 3.Sherman Me, Mazur Mt, Kurman Rj. Benign Diseases Of The Endometrium. In:Kurmanrj, Editors. Blaustein's Pathology Of Female Genital Tract. 5th Ed. Newyork : Springerverlag; 2002 :437-453.
[4]. 4.Sarswati D, Thanlca J, Shalinee R, Arthi R, Jaya V. Study Of Endometrial Pathology Inabnormal Uterine Bleeding. Obstet&Gynecol India. 2011; 61: 424-3.
[5]. 5.Babbar K, Jogi S, Arya Rc. Clinical Pattern And Spectrum Of Endometrial Pathologies Inperimenopausal And Post-Menopausal Women: Experience In A Tertiary Care Institute.Jsafoms. 2015;3(1):9-1..

Abstract: Objective: This Study Was Done To Evaluate The Level Of ALP And ACP As Potential Biochemical GCF Markers Among Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Materials And Methods: A Total Of 60 Subjects Were Selected For The Study. The Study Population Was Further Divided Into 3 Group (Group 1 – Clinically Healthy Periodontium, Group – 2 Gingivitis, Group – 3 Periodontitis )Based On Clinical Assessment Of Probing Depth , Bleeding On Probing And Radiographic Evaluation Of Bone Loss. GCF Samples Were Taken To Assess The Level Of Enzymes .Results: Obtained Results Were Shown Statistically Significant Increase In The Level Of ALP Activity In GCF From Patients With Gingivitis And Periodontitis In Relation To Control Group. There Was Positive Correlation Between The Activity Of Examined GCF Enzymes And Values Of The Gingival Index And Periodontal Disease Index. Conclusion: Based On These Results, It Can Be Assume That Activity Of These Enzymes In GCF May Be Used As Potent Biochemical Markers For Periodontal Destruction.

[1]. Taba M Et Al. Diagnostic Biomarkers For Oral And Periodontal Diseases. Dent Clin N Am. 2005; 49:551-71.
[2]. Colburn WA, 2003. Biomarkers In Drug Discovery And Development: From Target Identification Through Drug Marketing .Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology;43(4):329-41.
[3]. Lamster IB, Grbic JT. Diagnosis Of Periodontal Disease Based On Analysis Of The Host Response. Periodontol 2000;7:83 -99.1995.
[4]. Mandel ID.The Diagnostic Uses Of Saliva. J. Oral Pathol. Med 1990;19:119–125.
[5]. Ferguson DB.Current Diagnostic Uses Of Saliva. J. Dent. Res 1987;66:420–424..

Abstract: Aim:To Study The Epidemiological And Histopathological Profile Of The Oral Cancers In Adult Patients In Bundelkhand Region. Our Aim Is To Describe The Oral Cancers In Adult Patients, Theirs Frequences And Their Histopathological Characteristics.Material And Method: The Tissue Material For The Study Was Obtained From Various Out-Patients And In-Patients Admitted In ENT And Surgery Department In MLB Medical College , Jhansi From January 2014 To July 2015.A Total Of 55 Cases Were Collected.Results: In Our Study, Patients Whose Age Is Above 40 Years Were The Age Most Affected By The Oral Cancer With 89.1%, While Patients Whose Age Is Less Than 40 Years Old Represented Only 10.9% Of The Cases Affected By The Oral Cavity Cancer. In Our Study, Males Accounted For 69% Of All Cases. Oral Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Was The Most Dominant Histological Type In 80% Of Cases. Tobacco Was The Most Dominant Risk Factor With 70% Of All Cases. Conclusion: Our Results Correlate Well With Previously Published Clinicopathological Data On Comparable Studies.

Keywords: Oral Cavity,Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC).

[1]. 1.Chocolatewalanm,Chaturvedi P.Role Of Human Papilloma Virus In The Oral Carcinogenesis:An Indian Perspective.J Can Res Ther 2009;5:71-7
[2]. 2.Lingen MW(2010)Pragmatic Versus Contrarians:How Does One Resolve Their Differences With Respect To Oral Cancer Screening?Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 109(3)325:326

[3]. 3.Chin, D, Boyle, GM, Theile, DR, Parsons, PG And Coman, WB (2004) Molecular Introduction To Head And Neck Cancer (HNSCC) Carcinogenesis. British Journal Of Plastic Surgery, 57 7: 595-602. Doi:10.1016/J.Bjps.2004.06.0104.

[4]. 4.Int J Exp Pathol. 2005 Dec;86(6):347-63. Molecular Predictors Of Clinical Outcome In Patients With Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Thomas GR(1), Nadiminti H, Regalado J.

[5]. 5.Int J Cancer. 2003 Jul 10;105(5):681-6. Independent And Combined Effects Of Tobacco Smoking, Chewing And Alcohol Drinking On The Risk Of Oral, Pharyngeal And Esophageal Cancers In Indian Men. Znaor A(1), Brennan P, Gajalakshmi V, Mathew A, Shanta V, Varghese C, Boffetta P.

Abstract: A Young Patient Presented With Acute Febrile Illness Having Concomitant Leptospirosis & Dengue Infection Is Reported & The Literature Briefly Reviewed. Coexistent Diagnosis Is Often Difficult Unless Serological Testings For Both The Conditions Are Undertaken.

Keywords: Leptospirosis, Dengue, Coinfections.

[1]. Pan American Health Organization (2000) Case Definitions: Dengue And Leptospirosis. Epidemiol Bull. Available At: Http://Www.Paho.Org/English/Sha/Be_V21n2-Cases.Htm. Accessed 7 July 2015
[2]. Joseph MV, Longo DL, Kasper DL Et Al. Leptospirosis. Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition. New York, USA. Mcgrawhill Professionals 2011; 1: 1392-6. 3.
[3]. Clarence JP. Infections Caused By Arthropod And Rodent Born Viruses. Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL Et Al. Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition. New York, USA. Mcgraw-Hill Professionals 2011; 1: 1617-32.
[4]. Kumar A, Balachandran V, Dominic A, Dinesh KR, Karim S, Rao G. Serological Evidence Of Leptospirosis And Dengue Coinfection In An Endemic Region In South India. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2012;5:286–290. Doi: 10.4103/1755-6783.102012.
[5]. Levett PN, Branch SL, Edwards CN. Detection Of Dengue Infection In Patients Investigated For Leptospirosis In Barbados. Am J Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2000; 62 (1): 112-4. 5..

Abstract: The Presence Of Foreign Material In Large Quantities In The Periapical Tissues Causes Persistence Of Breakdown Products And That Persistence Is Fueled By The Toxicity Of The Engulfed Material.Root Canal Failure Following Gutta Percha Overfilling Can Be Managed By Nonsurgical Method Or Periradicular Surgery.This Case Series Presents The Successful Surgical Treatment Of A Symptomatic Teeth Due To Overfilling With A Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Apical Plug...

Keywords: Extrusion,Gutta Percha, Mandibular Molar,MTA, Periradicular Surgery.

[1]. Lin LM, Rosenberg PA, Lin J. Do Procedural Errors Cause Endodontic Treatment Failure? J Am Dent Assoc 2005;136:187-93.
[2]. Gonzalez- Martin M, Torres- Lagares D, Gutierrez- Perez JL, Segura-Egea JJ. Inferior Alveolar Nerve Paraesthesia After Overfilling Of Endodontic Sealer Extrusion Into The Mandibular Canal. J Endod, 2010; 36:1419-1421.
[3]. Damle SG, Bhattal H, Loomba A. Apexification Of Anterior Teeth: A Comparative Evaluation Of Mineral
[4]. Trioxide Aggregate And Calcium Hydroxide Paste. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;36(3):263-8.
[5]. Nair PN. Non-Microbial Etiology: Foreign Body Reaction Maintaining Post-Treatment Apical Periodontitis. Endod Topics, 2003; 6:114-134..

Abstract: Background: Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) Is A Severe Complication Related To Chronic And Excessive Alcohol Consumption And Includes A Spectrum Of Hepatic Lesions: Fatty Liver To Chronic Hepatitis. The Liver Injury Is A Complex Process, But The Quantity, Duration And Type Of Alcohol Intake Are The Most Important Risk Factors For ALD And Correlated Well With The Prognostic Markers. Early Acceptance Of Alcohol Abuse By The Patient And The Vigilance Of The Physician's Toward Diagnosis Of Alcohol-Related Problems Is Requisite To Prevent Complications And Decreases Mortality. Aim: Present Study Aimed At Investigating The Association Of Type, Amount And Duration Of Alcohol Consumption With Clinical Profile Of Alcoholic Liver Disease And Comparison With The Prognostic Markers. Methods: The Cross-Sectional Study Design With........

Keywords: Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD), MDF Score , MELD Score, Child Pugh Score

[1]. Rehm, J., Samokhvalov, A. V., &Shield, K. D. (2013). Global Burden Of Alcoholic Liver Diseases. Journal Of Hepatology, 59(1), 160-168.

[2]. European Association For The Study Of The Liver. (2012). EASL Clinical Practical Guidelines: Management Of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Journal Of Hepatology, 57(2), 399-420.

[3]. Moreau, R., &Arroyo, V. (2015). Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: A New Clinical Entity. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology, 13(5), 836-841.

[4]. Dugum, M., & Mccullough, A. (2015). Diagnosis And Management Of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Journal Of Clinical And Translational Hepatology, 3(2), 109.

[5]. Sheth, M., Riggs, M., &Patel, T. (2002). Utility Of The Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score In Assessing Prognosis Of Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterology, 2, 2-2..

Abstract: Chronic Wounds Are A Major Health Challenge And Are A Growing Socioeconomic Problem All Over The World. The Goal Of Wound Care In Chronic Ulcers Is To Facilitate Healing Using Standardized Protocols Of Wound Care. The Main Goal Of Any Treatment Modality Is To Obtain Wound Closure Expeditiously. The Aim Of Our Study Is To Compare And Find Out Which Is Better Among Platelet-Rich Plasma Vs. Conventional Dressing. In This Study, A Total Of 50 Patients Of Chronic Non Healing Ulcers Who Presented In Our Institute Were Evaluated From December 2015 To October 2017.Patients Were Randomly Grouped Into Two Groups - PRP And Conventional Dressing Group Of 25 Patients Each. Definitely, PRP Group Showed Better Results In Term Of Healing........

Keywords: PRP, Conventional Dressing.

[1]. Rayner R, Carville K, Keaton J, Et Al. Leg Ulcers: Atypical Presentations And Associated Comorbidities. Wound Pract Res. 2009;17(4):168–85.
[2]. Agale SV. Chronic Leg Ulcers: Epidemiology, Aetiopathogenesis, And Management. Ulcers. 2013;Article ID 413604:1-9.
[3]. Greer N, Foman NA, Macdonald R, Dorrian J, Et Al. Advanced Wound Care Therapies For A Non-Healing Diabetic, Venous, And Arterial Ulcers: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Oct 15;159(8):532-42.
[4]. Aminian B, Shams M, Karim-Aghaee B, Soveyd M, Omrani GR.The Role Of The Autologous Platelet-Derived Growth Factor In The Management Of Decubitus Ulcer. Arch Iranian Med. 1999;2:98–101.
[5]. Steed DL. Clinical Evaluation Of Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor For The Treatment Of Lower Extremity Diabetic Ulcers. Diabetic Ulcer Study Group. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21(1):71–81

Abstract: Aim: To Study And Compare Different Types Of Vertebral Anomalies Between Two Socioeconomically And Culturally Different Populations Of Odisha. Background: Vertebral Anomalies Are Multifactorial In Origin. Factors Responsible For Development Of Vertebral Abnormalities Are Alcohol, Retinoic Acid And Oral Contraceptive Pills. The Teratogenic Effect Of These Factors On Vertebral Development Has Been Studied By Many Authors. Deficiency Of Folic Acid Is One Of The Leading Causes Of Neural Tube Defect. There Are Genes Controlling The Development Of Vertebra And Failure Of Expression Of These Genes Lead To Vertebral Anomalies. Our Study Is An Attempt To Compare The Incidence Of Vertebral Anomalies Between Two Socioeconomically And Culturally Different Population And Find Out Possible Factors Responsible For The Difference.........

Keywords: Vertebral Anomalies, Block Vertebrae, Sacralisation, Spina Bifida.

[1]. T.W.Sadler,Langman's Medical Embryology, 9th Edition. Development Of Nervous System. Page 380-381, 446
[2]. Tredwell S J,Smith Df,Macleod Pj. Cervical Spine Anomalies In Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Spine. 1982;7: 331-334
[3]. Mohd Nazeer Et Al. Incidence Of Block Vertebrae In South Indians: An Osteometric Study. Journal Of Evolution Of Medical And Dental Sciences. 2014; 3(5): 11783-89.
[4]. Strudel, G.Et Al. Morphological And Biochemical Aspects Of Cytodifferentiation. Experimental Biology And Medicine. Page 183-198
[5]. Hull, B. Chondrogenesis Of The Somite Mesoderm. Advanced Anatomy Embryology Cell Biology.1977; 53: 5-47..

Abstract: Introduction; In this study,we evaluated the effect of Clonidine with Bupivacaine on the onset and duration of analgesia on Supraclavicular brachial plexus block.Methodology: After taking institutional ethical committee's approval and getting informed consent from the patients, 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups Group A and Group B. Group A patients received 0.5% Bupivacaine 2mg per kg bodyweight,Group B received 0.5% Bupivacaine 2mg per kg bodyweight plus Clonidine 2μg per kg bodyweight . Results: In our study the mean duration of analgesia in Group B is 8.566 mints and in Group A it is 7.266 mints.Conclusion: We conclude from our study that addition of Clonidine prolonged the duration of analgesia in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block...

Keywords: Supraclavicular brachial plexus, analgesia, Clonidine.

[1]. Kaabachi O, Ouezini R, Koubaa W, Ghrab B, Zargouni A, Ben Abdelaziz Tramadol as an adjuvant to lidocaine for axillary brachial block AnesthAnalg. 2007;23:187â€"9
[2]. Karakaya D, Büyükgöz F, Bariş S, Güldoğuş F, Tür A. Additionof fentanyl to bupivacaine prolongs anesthesia and analgesia in axillary brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26: 434â€"8. [PubMed: 11561263]
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[4]. Gaumann DM, Forster A, Griessen M, Habre W, Poinsot O, Della Santa D.Comparison between clonidine and epinephrine admixture to lidocaine in brachial plexus block. AnesthAnalg. 1992;75:69â€"74. [PubMed: 1615.
[5]. Gaumann DM, Brunet PC, Jirounek P. Clonidine enhances the effects of lidocainon C-fiber action potential. AnesthAnalg. 1992;74:719â€"25. [PubMed: 1567041].

Abstract: Introduction: Amblyopia is major cause of blindness in world. It is functional reduction in visual acuity of an eye during critical period of visual development. Most sensitive period for development of amblyopia is from 6 weeks after birth till 6 months although visual maturation continues till 6-7 years of age. This study was conducted with Aim and Objective: to diagnose refractive, anisometric and mixed astigmatism in patients of 5-15 years attending ophthalmic OPD in a period of two years. To analyse these patients age, sex, type of refractive error, type of squint, type of fixation pattern and classify them etiologically. To study effectiveness of different amblyopia treatments in this age group. Methodology: Patients were selected in the age group of 5-15 years of age and assessed for amblyopia which included a detailed history, visual acuity, retinoscopy, ocular movements and alignment......

Keywords: Ambyopia, Anisometropia, Strabismus, Patching.

[1]. Ederer F, Krueger De. Report On The National Eye Institute's Visual Acuity Impairment Survey Pilot Study. Washington, Dc: National Eye Institute; 1984. Pp. 81–84.

[2]. Mckean-Cowdin R, Cotter S, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Et Al. Prevalence Of Amblyopia Or Strabismus In Asian And Non-Hispanic White Preschool Children: Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:2117–2124.

[3]. Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. Prevalence Of Amblyopia And Strabismus In African American And Hispanic Children Ages 6 To 72 Months The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:1229–1236. E1.

[4]. Friedman Ds, Repka Mx, Katz J, Et Al. Prevalence Of Amblyopia And Strabismus In White And African American Children Aged 6 Through 71 Months The Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2128–2134. E1–E2.

[5]. Simmers Aj, Gray Ls, Mcgraw Pv, Winn B. Contour Interaction For High And Low Contrast Optotypes In Normal And Amblyopic Observers. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 1999;19:253–260..

Abstract: Background: Self Medication With Antimicrobials Is Common In Medical Undergraduates. There Is A Need To Estimate The Prevalence And Pattern Of Use Of Self Medication With Antimicrobials. Aim: This Study Was Conducted In Clinical And Paraclinical Students To Compare The Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Self Medication With Antimicrobials.Materials And Methods: This Is A Questionnaire Based Study In 294 Medical Students Comprising 147 Students In Each Of The Clinical And Paraclinical Batches To Assess Methods Of Self Medication Practice In The Preceding One Year.Results: 76 % Of Clinical And 45 % Of Paraclinical Students Self Medicated With Antimicrobials. Students Most Often Self Medicated Based On Old Prescriptions And Text Books For Sore Throat With Fever. Clinical Batch Students Used Multitude Of Antimicrobials Even For Self Limiting Disorders........

Keywords: Medical Undergraduates, Antibiotics, Pharmacology, Self Medication, Antimicrobial Resistance.

[1]. A World Health Organization Resource: The Role Of Pharmacist In Self- Care And Self-Medication (1998;17 Pages) Pdf.
[2]. Ioana Dana Alexa Et Al, The Impact Of Self-Medication With Nsaids / Analgesics In A North-Eastern Region Of Romania Farmacia, 2014, Vol. 62, 6 Pg1164-1170
[3]. Eystathios S, Panagiotis M, Athanasia P, Aristofanis G, George M, Et Al. (2010) Self-Medication With
Antibiotics In Rural Population In Greece: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. BMC Fam Pract 11: 58.
[4]. Prevalence And Predictors Of Self-Medication With Antibiotics In Al Wazarat Health Center, Riyadh City, KSA Abdulrahman Al Rasheed, Umar Yagoub, Hesham Alkhashan, Osama Abdelhay, Ahmad
[5]. Alawwad,1 Aboud Al Aboud, And Saad Al Battal Biomed Research International Volume 2016, Article ID 3916874, 8 Pages.

Abstract: Background: Hyperglycaemic Emergencies, He, Is An Acute Metabolic Complication Of Diabetes Mellitus (Dm) Characterized By Hyperglycaemia, Dehydration, Changes In Plasma Osmolality And Electrolytes Disorders In Which Soluble Insulin And Intravenous Fluids Are Required For Correction. Treatment Outcome Is Determined Largely By Its Precipitating Factors And Co-Morbid Conditions, Accurate Diagnosis And Proper Management.Objectives: To Highlight The Need For Accurate Diagnosis Of Diabetic Keto-Acidosis, Dka, Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State, Hhs Etc, Draw Attention To Errors In Management Of Hyperglycaemic emergencies And Create Awareness For Early Endocrinology Review Case Reports:Case 1Mrs F.N Is 46 Years Old, Living With Diabetes, Admitted Via The Accident And Emergency (A & E) Department On Account Of Cerebro-Vascular Accident, Cva (Stroke) With Random Blood Glucose, Rbg Of 563mg/Dl. History Of Severe Headache, Vomiting, Fits, Fever And Neck Stiffness Were Absent. An Urgent brain Ct Scan Excluded A Haemorrhagic Stroke. He Presented At A & E To........

Keywords: Hyperglycaemic emergencies, Early endocrinology Review, Precipitants of hyperglycaemic emergencies

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