iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2018

Abstract: Background: Oligohydramnios is a serious complication that is associated with low birth weight, Meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR score, and also maternal morbidity due to Caesarean section, increased induction rate and instrumental delivery. Early detection and management of oligohydramnios may reduce its adverse perinatal and maternal outcome. Methods: A Hospital-based study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government General Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa (YSR district), Andhra Pradesh. Duration of the study was 18 months i.e, from January 2016 to June 2017. 150 pregnant women of gestational age ≥ 34 weeks satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria are taken. Results: The incidence of oligohydramnios was found to be more in primigravida (60%) With mean maternal age 23.96±3.92 years.............

Keywords: Oligohydramnios, Incidence, Maternal and perinatal outcome, Low birth weight.

[1]. Williams Obstetrics. Cunningham FG, Gant NF, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC III, Hauth JC, Wenstrom KD: 21st Edition USA; McGraw Hill. Fetal Growth & Development. Chapter 7:142-143.
[2]. Moore TR. Clinical assessment of amniotic fluid. ClinObstetGynaecol1997;40(2):303–13.
[3]. Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M (1987) Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks gestation. J Reprod Med 32:540-542.
[4]. Rutherford SE, Phelan JP, Smith CV, Jacobs N (1997) The four-quadrant assessment of amniotic fluidvolume: An adjunct to antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Obstet Gynecol 70:353-356.
[5]. Jagatia K, Singh N, Patel S. Maternal and fetal outcome in oligohydramnios: A study of 100 cases. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2013; 2:724- 727.

Abstract: Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is an acute vasculitis of childhood carrying a 1-2 per cent mortality from cardiovascular complications(1). Despite the extensive literature on Kawasaki disease in paediatric journals, there has been a paucity of documentation in the otolaryngology literature. This is despite the fact that Kawasaki disease may present as an otolaryngological emergency before the diagnosis is established. We describe thirty cases of Kawasaki disease in children, few of which presented to the ENT department of this hospital within a period of 9 months. These cases illustrate the slow evolution characteristic of the disease and highlight the difficulties of diagnosis in the initial febrile stage. We emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis when treating a young child with a pyrexia resistant to antibiotics, as prompt introduction of therapy may decrease the risk of fatal coronary artery or cardiac complication(2). Our study emphasizes mainly on head and neck conditions along with other clinical features of Kawasaki disease,.

Key Words: mucositis, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis

[1]. Kawasaki, Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvementwith specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children: clinical observation of 50 cases, Jpn. J. Allergol. 16 (1967) 178–222.
[2]. T. Kawasaki, F. Kosaki, S. Okawa, et al., A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome prevailing in Japan, Pediatrics 54 (1974) 271–276.
[3]. C.J. Chung, L. Stein, Kawasaki disease: A review, Radiology 208 (1998) 25–33.
[4]. S.T. Shulman, J. De Inocencio, R. Hirsh, Kawasaki disease, Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 42 (1995) 1205–1222
[5]. A.M. Rauch, Kawasaki syndrome: critical review of US epidemiology, Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 250 (1987) 33– 44..

Abstract: Background: H. pylori is a common chronic infectious-inflammatory disease worldwide. Association of this infection with type II Diabetes is found in many studies. There is recent discussion on 'inflammatory hypothesis' and immunological mechanisms involved in causation of Depression. Aim: The current study tries to see the association of H. pylori infection in 40 patients of type II Diabetes and presence of depression among them. Results: Study findings supports the association showing that the patients of Diabetes had statistically significant higher numbers of positive H. Pylori. The study also found higher presence of depression among H. pylori positive diabetic patients than H. pylori negative diabetic patients proving the hypothesis. Conclusion: This is the first-ever study done in India. Study results establish the inflammatory hypothesis of depression which is the new bio-immunological hypothesis other than classical Monoamine hypothesis of depression and thus brings insight about future treatment and primary prevention of both the illnesses..

Keywords: H. pylori, Type II Diabetes, Depression, Inflammatory theory of depression

[1]. Bener A, Micallef R, Afifi M,. Derbala M, Al-Mulla HM, Usmani MA. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Helicobacter pylori infection. Turk J Gastroenterol 2007; 18:225-9
[2]. Fan XG, Chua A, Fan XJ, Keeling PW. Increased gastric production of interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.J Clin Pathol 1995; 48:133-6
[3]. Pradhan AD,Manson JE,Rifa N,Buring JE,Ridker PM.C-reactive protein, interleukin6,and risk of developing type 2 diabetes Mellitus.JAMA 2001;286:327-34
[4]. Senturk O, Canturk Z,Cetinarslan B,Ercin C, Hulagu S, Canturk NZ. Prevelance and comparisons of five different diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori in diabetic patients. Endrocr Res 2001; 27:179-89
[5]. Quatrini M, Boarino V, Ghidoni A, Baldassarri AR, Bianchi PA, Bardella MT. Helicobacter pylori prevelance in patients diabetes and its relationship to dyspeptic symptoms. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001;32:251-7.

Abstract: Adolescence is the formative period of life when the maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes takes place and this is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia.The prevalence of anaemia is disproportionately high in developing countries than developed countries. It is mainly due to to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases,pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services in developing countries Prevalence of anaemia in adolescents in India have been reported in limited studies available from 16.25% to 96.5%. Nutritional anaemia constitutes the most important cause of anaemia in adolescents. It is mainly due to deficiency of Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folate.

Keywords: Anaemia, Adolescence, Iron deficiency, Folate deficiency, Vit.B12 deficiency.

[1]. Kapil U, Bhadoria AS. National Iron-plus initiativeguidelines for control of iron deficiency anaemia in India,2013. Natl Med J India. 2014;27:27-9.
[2]. Jayasree P, Sushamabai S, Abraham S, Mathew A, Kadam RM, Varghese BA. Epidemiological factors affecting anaemia prevalence in rural adolescents in South India. Pushpagiri Medical Journal. 2012; 3 (2): 99-102.
[3]. Biradar S.S., Birafar S.P., Alatagi A.C., Wantamutte A.S., Malur P.R. Prevalence of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls: A One Year Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and diagnostic Research,2012; 6 (3): 372-7.
[4]. Patra S, Pemde HK, Singh V, Chandra J, Dutta A. Profileof adolescents with severe anemia admitted in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Indian J Pediatr. 2011;78:863-5.
[5]. Vir SC, Singh N, Nigam AK, Jain R. Weekly iron and folic acid supplementation with counseling reduces anemiainadolescent girls: a large-scale effectiveness study in Uttar Pradesh, India. Food Nutr Bull. 2008; 29:186-94.

Abstract: Modern Orthokaratology (Ortho-k) using reverse geometry lens design is being widely used for temporary myopia reduction world wide. Myopia is a common ocular disorder, and progression of myopia in children is of increasing concern. Modern overnight Orthokeratology (Ortho-k) is effective for myopia reduction and has been claimed to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia (myopia control) in children, although scientific evidence for this has been lacking.

Keywords: Aberrations, Myopia control, Ocular disorder, Orthokeratology, Reverse geometry.

[1]. Mutti DO, Jones LA, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. AC/A ratio, age, and refractive error in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Aug;41(9):2469-78.

[2]. Mutti DO, Sholtz RI, Friedman NE, Zadnik K. Peripheral refraction and ocular shape in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Apr;41(5):1022-30.

[3]. Zadnik K, Mutti DO, Friedman NE, et al. Ocular predictors of the onset of juvenile myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Aug;40(9):1936-43.

[4]. Zadnik K, Satariano WA, Mutti DO, et al. The effect of parental history of myopia on children's eye size. JAMA. 1994 May 4;271(17):1323-7.

[5]. Zadnik K, Mutti DO, Friedman NE, Adams AJ. Initial cross-sectional results from the Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia. Optom Vis Sci. 1993 Sep;70(9):750-8.

Abstract: S.V.R.R hospital is a tertiary referral hospital attached to S.V Medical College, Tirupathi. All psychiatric referrals numbering 866 over a period from 1.1.1996 to 1.6.1996 were studied. Socio-demographic data, source and reason for referral, associated physical illness, diagnosis, treatment advised and mode of disposal were noted. Majority of the referrals were male patients and belonged to the productive age group of 11 years to 40 years. Referrals from General Medicine department were high (25.5%), second Casualty (18%) and third stands neurology (11%). Among in patient referrals 54% came from medicine in contrast, share of surgeons is much less 7%. Most common reason given by the non – psychiatric clinicians for the referral was for treatment advice, and management of abnormal behavior. The commonest psychiatric diagnosis was Depression(36.1%). Most common ICD-10 diagnosis seen in emergencies was in the category of mood disorders (40%). Among them manic excitement.............

Keywords: Consultation liaison psychiatry, general hospital psychiatric unit, Psychiatric referrals, tertiary hospital, liaison psychiatry..

[1]. Adityanjee, NN Wig, D. Mohan - Assesment of functioning of non- psychiatric physician in the management of psychiatric emergencies. Indian J.Psy. 28; 347-348, 1986.
[2]. Anstee B.H.- The pattern of Psychiatric referrals in general hospitals. Brit.J.Psy.120; 631-634, 1972.
[3]. Anstee B.H.- Psychiatry in the casualty department. Brit.J.Psy.120; 625-628, 1972.
[4]. Ansari S - Psychiatric OP clinic in a teaching institution and analysis of 514 patients. Transanction of All India Institute of Mental Health, 7; 1, 1967
[5]. Bridges et al -Acta. Psychiatry Scand. 42; 171, 1966.

Abstract: Medical teachers try with various skills of communication to make teaching process more readily available to the students. The easiest way of teaching might be the transition from teaching the peer to teaching the student by undergoing microteaching. Microteaching, a powerful tool for teaching methodology, was an underutilized tool in this institution. So, this present pre-structured questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among 35 medical teachers to evaluate their knowledge and attitude towards microteaching. The cumulative knowledge of medical teachers showed that 80% of the teachers had the knowledge about microteaching. Majority of the medical teachers (85.7%) agreed that, microteaching was individualized for every medical teacher. Microteaching provided opportunity for actual practice (97.2%) and it was needed to improve teaching skills in our institute (97.1%). Therefore, this study among medical teachers concluded that microteaching helped in improving teaching capabilities and it might be included as a part of teaching programme in medical institute.

Keywords: Medical Teacher, Medical Education, Microteaching, Peer group...

[1]. Omar S, Mehdi MD. Departmental exercise based on microteaching and its utility in personal teaching skill development of trainee teachers. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare April 2014; 1(2):29-32.
[2]. Ananthakrishnan N. Microteaching as a Vehicle of Teacher Training--Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Journal of Postgrad Medicine 1993:142-3.
[3]. Allen DW, Eve AW. Microteaching. Theory into Practice 1968; 7(5):181-5.
[4]. Edwin G. Ralph. The Effectiveness of Microteaching: Five Years‟ Findings. IJHSSE July 2014;1(7):17-28.
[5]. Anshu, Singh R, Narang P. Introducing microteaching sessions in an Indian medical school. Medical Education. 2009;43:1087–88.

Abstract: Higher maternal and child mortality and morbidity are interrelated with short intervals between births. Postpartum women need a range of effective contraceptive methods for prevention of an unplanned pregnancy, within a short interval. Significant counselling during the antenatal period and before delivery decides the use of PPIUCD as a method of contraception. Immediate postpartum insertion of IUCD is a safe and effective, in comparisons with other insertion times. Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the acceptance of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) insertion during normal vaginal delivery and intraceasarean after 10 minutes of removal of placenta (post placental insertion) and immediate post partum (within 48 hours) of normal vaginal delivery. Materials and Method: It was conducted among 50 postpartum women attending............

Keywords: Contraception, Immediate postpartum, IUCD, LSCS, Post-placental, PPIUCD..

[1]. Chaudhuri SK. Practice of fertility control: A Comprehensive Manual. 7th edition. Noida: Elsevier; 2013.
[2]. Cunningham FG, Lenevo KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Contraception. In: Cunningham FG, Lenevo KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics. 23rd Edition, Philadelphia: The McGraw Hill Companies Inc; 2010, p. 673-97.
[3]. Balsarkar GD, Nayak A. postpartum IUCD: rediscovering a languishing innovation. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India 2015 Jul – Aug;65(4):218-20.
[4]. Kumar S, Sethi R, Balasubramaniam S, Charurat E, Lalchandani K, Semba R, et al. Women's experiance with postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device use in India. Reproductive Health 2014 Apr 23;11:32-7.
[5]. Afshan A, Asim SS. Immediate postpartum IUCD (PPIUCD) insertion: an opportunity not to be missed. ASH & KMDC 2014;19(1)15-20..

Abstract: The cervix is the elongated fibro-muscular portion of the uterus that measures 2.5 to 3.0 cm1 lined by two types of epithelium an outer squamous epithelium and internal mucin secreting columnar epithelium, with unique junctional area containing reserve/basal cells2. This epithelium is vulnerable to many pathological changes ranging from inflammation to an extremely lethal malignant transformation. Due to easy accessibility to the cervix and the effective screening programme cervical cancer is reduced in the developed countries, ranking as the eighth most common cause of cancer mortality in some countries as in USA3. But still cervical cancer remains the most common gynaecologic malignancy in the world and the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide after breast cancer. The majority of cases occur in developing countries4. A wide variety of non-neoplastic lesions occurs in the uterine cervix and is prone to varying extents of misinterpretation. The most common error is to...............

[1]. Mills S; Histology for pathologists.3rd edition: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.

[2]. Mills S; Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 5thedition.Phyladelphia, Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

[3]. Fortner K, Szymanski L, Fox H, Wallach. E; Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 3rd edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007

. [4]. Poste P, Patil A, Sainath K, Andola; Incidence of Neoplastic Cervical Pathologies Recorded at a Medical College. International Annals of Advanced Scientific Research, 2015; 2(2).

[5]. Bosch FX, Lorincz A, Munoz N, Meijer CJ, Shah KV. The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J Clin Pathol 2002;55(4):244–65..

Abstract: A 60-year-old man presented with features of bilateral herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. Patient has past H/O primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes and was on 0.03% bimatoprost eye drop once a day for last 1 year. Patient has no H/O of any systemic illness or similar past history. Patient was shifted to Brimonidine (0.2%) and Timolol (0.5%) combination eye drop for IOP control and started on Acyclovir 3% eye ointment and Homatropine eye drop both eyes. The patient recovered in 10 days. Since 1 year he has no recurrence of keratitis and his IOP is controlled with current medications..

[1]. Krauss AH, Woodward DF. Update on the mechanism of action of bimatoprost: a review and discussion of new evidence. Surv Ophthalmol 2004;49:S5–S11.
[2]. Porter AC,Felder CC.The endocannabinoid nervous system: unique opportunities for therapeutic intervention.Pharmacol Ther. 2001;90(1): 45-60.
[3]. Brandt JD, VanDenburgh AM, Chen K, et al. Comparison of once- or twice-daily bimatoprost with twice-daily timolol in patients with elevated IOP: a 3-month clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(6): 1023-1031
[4]. Bhorade AM, Gordon MO, Wilson B, et al. Variability of intraocular pressure measurements in observation participants in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(4):717-724
[5]. Soomro M Z, Moin M, Attaulla I. Latanoprost and Herpetic Keratitis. Pak J Ophthalmol 2011, Vol. 27 No. 4 226

Abstract: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy are common and form one of the deadly triad along with hemorrhage and infection that results in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In developing countries with uncared pregnancy, this entity on many occasions remains undetected till major complications supervene. The abnormalities of coagulation parameters like prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen levels are usually observed in severe preeclampsia and Eclampsia.Our study aimed to analyse the utility of coagulation tests (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and plasma fibrinogen and FDP levels) in pre-eclampsia so as to prevent fatal complications and early detection, careful monitoring and appropriate management of gestational hypertension to reduce the morbidity and mortality of both mother and child. The present study is a prospective case control study carried out in Department of Pathology............

[1]. Darnforth editor Obstetrics & Gynaecology (1999), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, 309-3279.
[2]. de Boer K, ten Cate JWn Sturk A, Borm JJ, Treffers PE. Enhanced thrombin generation in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989 Jan; 160 (1): 95-100.
[3]. Acmaz G, Tayyar A, Tayyar M. Assesment of the role of fibrinogen in preeclampsia. Erciye tip dergisi 2008; 30(3): 138-43.
[4]. Ellenson LH, Pirog EC. The female genital tract. In: Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N, Aster J, editkors. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders Elsevier; 2010. p. 1055- 1056.
[5]. Assessment of Coagulation Profile and Its Correlation with Severity of Preeclampsia (2013-2014) In Women of Odisha a Comparative Cross- Sectional Study Girija Priyadarshini*, Rama Raman Mohanty S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack; ijbap.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/1/4/13145127/26.pdf

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea(OSA) is a common but under reported disease, especially of the obese population. The resulting apneic and hypopneic events during sleep result in sympathetic activation1-4 which even persists during the day5 and lead to various complications, especially in the cardiovascular system. A lot of emphasis is laid on the AHI values demonstrating linearity between elevated AHI and likelihood of adverse effects. However AHI does not capture significant aspects such as degree of oxygen desaturation, nocturnal hypoventilation or associated sleep disturbance. In our study we look at the degree of oxygen desaturation with rising AHI values. This observational study was conducted on patients presenting to the OPD of Sir Sunder Lal Hospital with symptoms of sleep disordered breathing. 50 patients were included in the study between june 2015 and june 2016..

[1] Floras JS. Sympathetic nervous system activation in human heart failure: clinical implications of an updated model. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(5):375–385.
[2] Horner RL, Brooks D, Kozar LF, Tse S, Phillipson EA. Immediate effects of arousal from sleep on cardiac autonomic outflow in the absence of breathing in dogs. J Appl Physiol.
[3] 1995; 79(7559214):151–162.
[4] Nalivaiko E, Catcheside PG, Adams A, Jordan AS, Eckert DJ, McEvoy RD. Cardiac changes during arousals from non-REM sleep in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007; 292(17110530):1320–1327.
[5] Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest. 1995; 96(4):1897–1904.

Abstract: Background: Rubella or 'German measles' is transmitted by droplets, direct contact or vertically from pregnant woman to the fetus. The virus is worldwide distributed and of public health importance due to its teratogenic effects. Most infections are asymptomatic and there is no routine screening for rubella among pregnant women. Unfortunately there is no vaccine program in vaccination schedule in Sudan. Aim: This study conducted aimed to detect rubella virus infection by Reverse Transcriptase-PCR among asymptomatic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighteen (118) blood samples were collected from pregnant women in Khartoum State, plasma were separated and stored till use. RNA was extracted using column based kit and then was converted into cDNA using RT kit. PCR was used to amplify cDNA and gel electrophoresis was done to detect PCR product comparing to DNA ladder. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 by Chi-squire test. Results: Out of 118 plasma samples, 4 (3.4%) specimens were positive by RT-PCR...

Keywords: Rubella virus, PCR, pregnant women, Khartoum State

[1] Efrén Martínez-Quintana, Carlos Castillo-Solórzano, NuriaTorner, and Fayna Rodríguez-González. Congenital rubella syndrome: a matter of concern. Rev PanamSaludPublica. 2015; 37(3) 179-186.
[2] Thong Van Nguyen, Van Hung Pham, Kenji Abe. Pathogenesis of Congenital Rubella Virus Infection in Human Fetuses: Viral Infection in the Ciliary Body Could Play an Important Role in Cataractogenesis. EBioMedicine. 2015; (2) 59–63
[3] Reef, SE, Strebel, P, Dabbagh, A, Gacic-Dobo, M, Cochi, S. Progress toward control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome–worldwide, 2009. J Infect Dis. 2011; 204 (Suppl 1):S24–S27.
[4] Junaid, SA, Akpan, KJ, Olabode, AO. Sero-survey of rubella IgM antibodies among children in Jos, Nigeria. Virol J. 2011; 8(1):1-5.
[5] Best, JM, Castillo-Solorzano, C, Spika, JS, Icenogle, J, Glasser, JW, Gay, NJ, Andrus, J, Arvin, AM. Reducing the global burden of congenital rubella syndrome: report of the World Health Organization Steering Committee on research related to measles and rubella vaccines and vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2005; 192(11):1890–1897.

Abstract: Introduction: Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa, now known as potentially malignant disorders, need to be diagnosed in the early stage for further proper management. Oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, oral erythroplakia, traumatic dental ulcers and oral lichen planus are the major ones encountered in our Out Patient Department (OPD). Most of the patients give a history of addiction to chewing tobacco or betelnut and smoking. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders and to determine the socio-demographic profile and the potential risk factors for their development in population of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried over a period from November, 2015 to January, 2017. Total sample size was 106. The data was collected from OPD register, ENT and analysed using SPSS software (Version 20). Results: Of all 106 patients included in the study, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) was the most common precancerous lesion............

Key Words : Precancerous, oral cavity, addiction

[1] Vlková B, Stanko P, Minárik G, Tóthová L, Szemes T, Baňasová L, Novotňáková D, Hodosy J, Celec P. Salivary markers of oxidative stress in patients with oral premalignant lesions. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57:1651–1656. [PubMed]
[2] Steele TO, Meyers A. Early detection of premalignant lesions and oral cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011;44:221–229, vii. [PubMed]
[3] Phookan J, Saikia KP. A clinicopathological study of the pre-malignant conditions of oral cavity. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;50:246–249. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[4] van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:317–323. [PubMed]
[5] Bánóczy J, Gintner Z, Dombi C. Tobacco use and oral leukoplakia. J Dent Educ. 2001;65:322–327.[PubMed]

Abstract: Dacryocystitis is defined as the prolonged inflammation of the lacrimal sac secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction .During the last century External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) remained a gold standard for the management of obstruction of lacrimal passages beyond common canaliculus .Endoscopic Dacrocystorhinostomyhas gained popularity as treatment option. The objective of study was to analyse the outcome of Endoscopic DCRfor patients with distal lacrimal pathway obstruction . The study was conducted over a period of 2 years withtotal 50 cases presenting with epiphora with established distal lacrimal pathway obstruction were included. The outcome of the procedure was based on relief of symptoms, safety, hospital stay, morbidity associated. Thus we find Endoscopic DCR is a well-tolerated, safe and cosmetically more acceptable procedure with low incidence of complications and a high general success rate.

Keywords: Dacryocystitis, Endoscopic DCR, distal lacrimal pathway obstruction

[1] Gupta N. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: a revolution. New Delhi: Paragon International Publishers; 2006.
[2] Bartley GB. Acquired lacrimal obstruction: an etiologic classification system, case report, and a review of the literature. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;8(4):237–42.
[3] Zuercher B, Tritten JJ, Friedrich JP, Monnier P. Analysis of functional and anatomic success following endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2011;120(4):231-8.
[4] Gauba V. External versus endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in a specialized lacrimal surgery center. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2014;28(1):36–9.
[5] David S, Raju R, Job A, Richard J. A comparative study of external and endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy — a preliminary report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;52(1):37-9.

Abstract: Background:carcinoma cervix is number one malignancy in Indian rural scenario. No one study demonstrate good survival out come till now. Erlotinib is an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor. Early phase clinical trials of Erotinib in combination with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma cervix have demonstrated improved antitumour responses with mild toxicity profile However, evidence available on this is limited. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of Erlotinib (150 mg/day) with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced carcinoma cervix and compared with standard CRT.at the time of completion of treatment and then up to 24 months. This study is a follow up of the cases in our previous study "Comparative Evaluation of Radiotherapy with Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin versus Concurrent Daily Erlotinib and Weekly Cisplatin.........

Keywords: Erlotinib, Cervix, Advanced, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, EGFR, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Extended follow-up

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[4] Shrivastava S, Mahantshetty U, Engineer R, Tongaonkar H, Kulkarni J, Dinshaw K. Treatment and outcome in cancer cervix patients treated between 1979 and 1994: A single institutional experience. J Cancer Res Ther 2013;9:672-9.
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