iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2018

Abstract: Background and objectives : According to the Wullstein classification type 1 tympanoplasty is the defect in the tympanic membrane in the forms perforation which is repaired with a graft. It is also called Myringoplasty.Various graft materials have been used to close ear drum (tympanic membrane) perforations. Study was tocompare the outcomes of type 1 tympanoplasty with graft materials used by temporalis fascia and cartilage. Materials and Method: A retrospective review was undertaken of primary type 1 tympanoplasties using pieces of cartilages from the tragus, concha and temporalis fascia from October 2015 to October 2017. The study was conducted in the department Otorhinolaryngology, IQCITY Medical College and Narayana Multispecialty Hospital, India..........

Key words: Tympanoplasty, Tragus, Concha, Temporalis fascia, Airbone gap.

[1]. PL Dhingra, Shruti Dhingra; chapter 11 Cholesteatoma and Chronic Otitis Media, Diseases of EAR, NOSE and THROAT & HEAD and NECK SURGERY, 6TH Edition:pg no67-74.
[2]. Shyamakant Prasad et al, Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Is it more effective than temporalis fascia grafting for tympanoplasty? Otolaryngology online journal; Volume 5 Issue 4 2015 ISSN: 2250-0359.
[3]. Gulya AJ, Minor LB, Poe DS. Glasscock ShambaughSurgery of the ear, Tympanoplasty: Tympanic Membrane Repair: 6th edition 2010; 6:465-466.
[4]. Heermann H. Tympanic membrane plastic with temporal fascia.Hals Nas Ohren 1960; 9:136-9

[5]. Shea JJ. Vein graft closure of eardrum perforations. J LaryngolOtol 1960; 74:358-62..

Abstract: The present study was conducted in King George Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam from November 2014 to August 2016. Total 165 Antenatal women with bad obstetric history i.e. previous preeclampsia, placental abruption, recurrent pregnancy loss, IUGR, neural tube defects babies and 50 antenatal women with previous uneventful pregnancy outcome were included in the study. Maternal fasting serum homocysteine levels in first trimester were measured. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)is usually defined by a fasting serum value of Hcymore than 12 μmol/l.by immune assay method. Patients are thus classified as either normal or HHcy. Study group of 165 cases includes, 82 cases with previous history of preeclampsia ,25 cases with Placental abruption, 22 cases of.........

[1]. Homocysteine and thrombosis: from basic science to clinical evidence. UndasA1, Brozek J, SzczeklikA.ThrombHaemost. 2005 Nov;94(5):907-15
[2]. Multivitamin Supplementation During Pregnancy: Emphasis on Folic Acid and L-Methyl folate. James A Greenberg, MD and Stacey J Bell, DSc, RD. Rev Obstet. Gynecol. 2011; 4(3-4): 126-127.
[3]. Aspirin and Low-Molecular Weight Heparin Combination Therapy Effectively Prevents Recurrent Miscarriage in Hyperhomocysteinemic Women PratipChakraborty, Sayani Banerjee et al. PLoS One. 2013; 8(9): e74155
[4]. Clotting disorders and placental abruption: homocysteine--a new risk factor. Eskes TK et,al. European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology 2001 Apr;95(2):206-12.
[5]. Overview of homocysteine and folate metabolism. With special references to cardiovascular disease and neural tube defects. HenkJ.BlomYvoSmulder. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease February 2011, Volume 34, Issue 1, pp 75-81.

Abstract: Donor selection is an important factor which determines the quality of blood. Temporary deferrals in blood camp among various professionals have become one of the leading causes of blood donor rejections and are an equivalent risk factor compared to permanent rejections. Whole blood donor deferrals lead to loss of precious blood donors and blood units available for transfusion purposes1. This is mainly attributed to the high prevalence of unawareness among various professions, poor and unhealthy lifestyle, work stress and lack of physical activity that can cause blood pressure and cardiac problems. Our study aims to compare the deferral pattern among various professions such as college students, Bank workers, IT professionals,Corporate workers, Police and Politicians. Blood pressure problems are the leading cause of temporary deferrals followed by low hemoglobin level. Deferrals due...........

[1]. Evaluation of pre-donation deferral causes in whole blood donor population at a tertiary rural health centre byDr.Vamseedhar Annam, Dr.Nalini Mohan, Dr.Lakshmi.R,Dr.Mrinalini.V, and Dr.Sivachandran inMelamaruvathur, TamilNadu, India. The result was Male population were found to have higher deferral rate than the female population (2014)
[2]. Pre-donation deferral of whole blood donors in district transfusion center by Girish C .J, Chandrashekhar T.N, Ramesh B.K., Kantikar S.M. in Karnataka, India. The result was Anaemia and low body weight are the most common cause in both males and females (2012)
[3]. Assessment of donor return following temporary deferral in camp as well as in house donors in a blood bank attached to tertiary care hospital by Faruq Ibrahimbhai Mulla, Kilash Sukhram Inaniya in Gujarat. The result was Significant female preponderance was observed with low Hb as the prime cause (2017)
[4]. Analysis of pre-donation loss of blood donors due to deferrals – in a tertiary care hospital set up by Shreedevi S Bobati, Vijaya Basavraj, and Pallavi Prakash in Mysore, Karnataka. Main reason for deferral is low hemoglobin (2016)
[5]. Blood donors' deferrals causes by Samina Tufail, Fathima Babar, Nadeem Ikram, Masooma Raza, Huma Abdul-Shakoor in Rawalpindi. Majority of donors fell below the age 20 and 40 years and the common cause of rejection was anemia (2013 to 2017).

Abstract: Objective of the study is to compare the premorbid social adjustment in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Method: Maternal recall was used to assess the premorbid adjustment of patients with schizophrenia recruited from a survey of consecutive hospital admission for schizophrenia and healthy controls drawn from the same catchment area. Results: In the study there is significant difference in premorbid sociability and school functioning between subject with schizophrenia and healthy controls. These results are comparable to the previous studies on premorbid functioning in schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the association between poor social functioning in childhood and adult schizophrenia. In our study there is significant difference in premorbid sociability and school functioning between subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Key words: premorbid adjustment, schizophrenia, sociability

[1]. Andreasen NC, Haum M, et al. (1982) Positive and negative symptoms in Schizophrenia : Critical appraisal Arch Gen Psychiatry 47 : 615-621.
[2]. Angst J. and Paul Clayton (1986). Premorbid personality of depressive, Bipolar and schizophrenia patients with special reference to suicidal issues comprehensive psychiatry Vol. 27 No.6, 1986, pp. 511-532.
[3]. Cannon – Spoor, E.H., Steven G.Porkin and Richard Sed Wyatt (1982). Measurement of premorbid adjustment inn chronic schizophrenic. Schizophrenia Bulletin Vol.8, No.3, 470-484.
[4]. Cannon, M. Peter Jones et al. (1997). Premorbid social functioning in schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder : Similarities and differences American Journal of Psychiatry; 154 : 1544-1550.
[5]. Dalkin T, Murphy P. (1994). Premorbid personality in first onset psychosis, British Journal of Psychiatry Feb. 164(2) : 202-7.

Abstract: The practical and esthetic reinstatement of severely mutilated anterior teeth is a challenge to clinicians in their daily practice. An endodontically treated anterior tooth requires extra coronal restoration when the tooth structure is weakened or lost due to caries, endodontic treatment, placement of previous restoration and/or is discoloured. The reduced tooth structure makes retention of extra coronal restorations difficult. This article describes a case report on restoration of mutilated maxillary anterior teeth using cast post and core, followed by layered zirconiarestoration..

Key words: cast post and core, esthetics, layered zirconia restoration

[1]. Roesntiel FS, Land MF, Fujimoto J, Schrefer J, editiors. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed. USA, Missouri: Mosby; 2001.
[2]. Asmussen E. Peutzfeldt A and Heitmann T. Stiffness, elastic limit and strength of newer types of endodontic post. J Dent; 1999; 27:275-78.
[3]. Shillingburg HT, Hobo S, Whitsett LD, Jacobi R, Brackett SE, editiors. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed. Quintessence; 1997.
[4]. Hasanreisoglu U. An analysis of Maxillary anterior teeth; facial and dental proportions. J Prosthet Dent, 94:530-58.
[5]. Goerig AC, Mueninghoff LA. Management of the endodontically treated tooth. Part I: concept for restorative designs. JProsthet Dent 1983;49(3):340-5..

Abstract: Background: Reports in literature are conflicting with regard to the necessicity and effictiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in inguinal hernia repair surgery. However, antibiotic prophylaxis is used in many centers as placement of a prosthesis (mesh) would lead to serious consequence should infection occur. Intravenous route is the most common mode of administration, but orally administered antibiotic and topical antibiotic application for prophylaxis are also used. Intravenous administration is associated with much more severe adverse effects and economic liability as compared to oral or topical prophylactic methods. Aim of the study : To assess the effectiveness and compare the degree of prophylaxis between pre-operative orally administered........

Key words: Antibiotic prophylaxis, oral ciprofloxacin, topical ciprofloxacin, surgical site infection, open inguinal hernioplasty.

[1]. Sanchez-Manuel FJ, Lozano-García J, Seco-Gil JL. Antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003769.
[2]. Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients. Hernia 2009; 13: 343-403.
[3]. Cheek CM, Williams MH, Farndon JR. Trusses in the management of hernia today. Br J Surg. 1995;82:1611–1613.
[4]. Yerdel AM, Akin EB, Dolalan S, et al. Effect of single-dose prophylactic ampicillin - sulbactam on wound infection after tension free inguinal hernia repair with olypropylene mesh. Ann Surg 2000;233:26-33.
[5]. Parviz K. Amid. Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty: Its inception, evolution, and principles. Hernia (2004) 8: 1–7. © Springer-Verlag 2003.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION-Paediatric HIV/AIDS differs from adult HIV.With the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV infection, has now become a chronic treatable condition in children. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1) Study different clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS in paediatric age group (18 months -15yrs)METHODS: It was a hospital based observational study. The case records of all children diagnosed with paediatric HIV infection between 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2017 who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed and their clinical profile prevalence were evaluated.RESULTS:In the study 31(25.84%) cases were between 18 months-3yrs age, 49 (40.83%) were between >3yrs -5yrs and 40 (33.33%) were of more than 5 yrs age. Majority.........

[1]. Durgesh Kumar, Mukesh V. Singh1, Dinesh Kumar, K. M. Shukla1, D. K. Singh1, Dharmendra K. Singh.A study of mode of transmission, clinical presentations, WHO and immunological staging among HIV infected children. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014 Nov;2(4):1541-1544
[2]. Sunil B. Deshmukh, Sandeep Mogre, S. S. More, Khushbu S. Deshmukh. Clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: an interesting prospective study. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2016 Feb;3(1):100-106
[3]. Sebhat A snake, Solomon Amsalu. Clinical Manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Children in Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiopian journal of Health and Development2005;19(1)25-28
[4]. E.F Ugochukwa. clinical spectrum of paediatric HIV in Nnewi, Nigeria, WAJM VOL 25,Jan-March 2006
[5]. Vikas N. Solunke, Milind B. Kamble2, Amol R. Suryawanshi, PallaviSaple, Manish M. Tiwari,Bhete S. B., Garad S. B. Clinical Profile and Prevalence of Opportunistic Infection in HIV Patients Attending Pediatric Department.MedPulse – International Medical Journal, ISSN: 2348-2516, EISSN: 2348-1897, Volume 1, Issue 2, February 2014 pp 69-74

Abstract: Objectives: The main objective of this study is to study the effect of storage of falciparum infected blood on parasite count, haemoglobin and bilirubin level. Method: This is Descriptive prospective study carried out in the central laboratory of Wad Medani Teaching Hospital .Sudan , All samples (100) were infected by P. falciparum & the parasite stages detected were rings form. For each sample, parasite count, haemoglobin estimation & bilirubin measurement were done immediately, after 7 days, 14 days & 21 days.The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS program. Results: Parasite count : Parasite count in the immediate examination ranged between 150- 40000 parasite/μl of blood, the mean was 1558.5.Then it started to decreased after 7 and 14 days to become no parasite after 21 days.........

[1]. Monica Cheesbrough. District Laboratory Practice in Tropicl Countries, Part 1 (1999). Bath press & bound. Chapter 5 ( p 239-258).
[2]. Woolsey G. Transfusion for pernicious anemia. Trans NY Surg Soci. 1911;132–3.
[3]. Leonard Jan Bruce_Chwatt Essential malariology -Second edition (1985). Chapter 2 (p 15-27).
[4]. Kitchen AD, Barbara JA, Hewitt PE. Documented cases of post-transfusion malaria occurring in England: a review in relation to current and proposed donor-selection guidelines. Vox Sang. 2005;89:77–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00661.x
[5]. Kinde -Gazard D,etal,The risk of malaria transmission by blood transfusion at Cotonous.Benin.Sante.2000

Abstract: Background: During the last decade, Ponseti clubfoot treatment has become more effective and popular because of its high initial correction rate. But the problem affecting the long-term successful outcome is relapse of the deformity. The major problem is Non-compliance with Ponseti brace protocol associated with relapse. Although more comfortable braces have been reported to develop the compliance, they all have the same design and no significant changes have been made to the protocols. After refinement in the Ponseti method and emphasizing the significance of brace to parents, the relapse rate has been noticeably decreased. Objective: To evaluate relapse of Clubfoot after treatment with the Ponseti Method Methodology: A Cross sectional study including........

Key words: Clubfoot, Ponseti method, Relapse, Foot abduction orthosis

Abstract: Tobacco use is responsible for 6 million deaths globally per year, of which 600,000 deaths are due to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure mainly among children 1. The aim of the study was to examine Second hand smoke exposure among primary school children, their awareness of its harmfulness and determinants of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smokers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February-March 2016 among 579 primary school students 14—17 year old from Awendo, Migori County, Kenya. The sample consisted of 291 students from government and 288 from private schools . Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the global youth tobacco survey questionnaire........ .

[1]. Eriksen M, Mackay J, Schluger NW, Gomeshtapeh FI, Drope J. The Tobacco Atlas. 2015; 5th ed.; American Cancer Society: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2015; Available online: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/ (accessed on 7 July 2017).
[2]. WHO (World Health Organization). WHO Global Report: Mortality Attributable to Tobacco. 2012; Available online: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44815/1/9789241564434_eng.pdf (accessed on 7 July 2017).
[3]. Singh RJ, Lal PG. Second-hand smoke: A neglected public health challenge.2011; Indian J Public Health. 2011;55:192–8. [PubMed: 22089687]
[4]. Naeem Z. Second-hand smoke – Ignored implications. 2015; Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2015;9:V–VI. [PMCID: PMC4538886]
[5]. Lodovici M, Akpan V, Evangelisti C, Dolara P. Sidestream tobacco smoke as the main predictor of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 2004; J ApplToxicol. 2004;24:277–81. [PubMed: 15300715]..

Abstract: Aim & Objective: To study the incidence, various risk factors of acute rejections and to show any role of induction agent (Basiliximab) & type of CNI regimen on the incidence of acute rejections. Materials & methods: We performed a retrospective study of biopsy proven acute graft rejection (BPAR) involving 157 patients who underwent living donor renal transplantation in three tertiary care centres in southern part of India during Oct 2007 – Oct 2016. We described the total incidence of acute rejection and analysed various risk factors associated with early and late acute rejections. Results: Among 157, 48(30.6%) biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) episodes occurred. Early & late rejections were 28(17.8%) & 20(12.8%) respectively. During the cyclosporine era without induction the rate of BPAR was 37.8% & in.........

Key words: BPAR – biopsy proven acute rejection, EAR – early acute rejection, LAR – late acute rejection.

[1]. Vollmer WM, Wahl PW, Blagg CR: Survival with dialysis and transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease. N Engl J Med 308:1553 -1558, 1983.

[2]. Gjertson DW, Survival trends in long term first cadaver donor kidney transplants. ClinTranspl 1991: 225–235

[3]. Tanabe K, Takahashi K, Toma H.Causes of long-term graft failure in renal transplantation.World J Urol. 1996;14(4):230-5

[4]. Jose Maria Morales, Roberto Marcén, Domingo del Castillo, Amado Andres. Risk factors for graft loss and mortality after renal transplantation according to recipient age: a prospective multicentre study.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Dec; 27(Suppl 4): iv39–iv46. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs544.

[5]. KDIGO renal transplant guideline 2009 – Chapter 1. Induction agent. American Journal of Transplantation 2009; 9 (Suppl 3): S6–S9

Abstract: The medical journals are abounding with "P values‟ and "tests of hypotheses. It is a common practice among medical researchers to quote whether the "test of hypothesis‟ they carried out is significant or non-significant and many researchers get very enthusiastic when they discover a "statistically significant" finding without really understanding what it means.Additionally, while medical journals are florid with statement such as: "statistical significant", "unlikely due to chance", "not significant," "due to chance", or notations such as, "P > 0.05", "P < 0.05", the decision on whether to decide a "test of hypothesis‟ is significant or not based on P value has generated an intense debate among statisticians. The P value is probably the most ubiquitous and at the same time, misunderstood, misinterpreted, and occasionally miscalculated index..

Key words:P-value, Significance , Myths

[1]. Garcia-Berthou E, Alcaraz C: Incongruence between test statistics and P values in medical papers. BMC Med Res Methodol 4:13, 2004
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[3]. Windish DM, Huot SJ, Green ML: Medicine residents' understanding of the biostatistics and results in the medical literature. JAMA 298:1010- 1022, 2007
[4]. A Dirty Dozen: Twelve P-Value Misconceptions, Steven Goodman,SeminHematol 45:135-140 © 2008 Elsevier Inc.
[5]. Goodman, Stephen N. 1999. Toward Evidence Based Medical Statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy, Annals of Internal Medicine

Abstract: Background: It is an established fact that tobacco usage is associated with many of the fatal but preventable diseases. Most of the people are unaware about the hazards of tobacco on health, oral health if they are aware not proper assistance /guidance to get rid of this. Dentists and dental office may be ideally suited to help patients quit tobacco. But significant barriers to anti-tobacco counseling by dentists. Hence present study done to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceived barriers towards tobacco cessation counseling among future dentists. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey that included a convenience sample of clinical dental students of Chennai city.........

Key words: attitude, barriers, dental student, knowledge, oral health promotion, tobacco, tobacco counseling

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