iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2018

Abstract: ADHD is associated with autonomic dysfunction which gets further modulated with drug therapy. There are few prospective studies to evaluate the changes of Autonomic Function Tests before and after methylphenidate treatment in drug-naive patients with ADHD. The present study was conceived with the objective to study autonomic functions in children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) before and after treatment with Methylphenidate. Autonomic function tests were conducted on 52 drug-naive patients with ADHD. The patients then received methylphenidate medication for 12 weeks. The above parameters were repeated at 12 weeks of study period. On the Sympathetic reactivity tests, the increase in Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure on exposure...........

Key words: ADHD, autonomic function, methylphenidate

[1]. Thomas R, Sanders S, Doust J, Beller E, Glasziou P. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr 1;135(4):e994-1001.
[2]. Richards JM, Plate RC, Ernst M. A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: the impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2013 Jun 30;37(5):976-91.
[3]. Musser ED, Galloway-Long HS, Frick PJ, Nigg JT. Emotion regulation and heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013 Feb 28;52(2):163-71.

[4]. Negrao BL, Bipath P, van der Westhuizen D, Viljoen M. Autonomic correlates at rest and during evoked attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and effects of methylphenidate. Neuropsychobiology2011;63:82–91.
[5]. Musser ED, Backs RW, Schmitt CF, Ablow JC, Measelle JR, Nigg JT. Emotion regulation via the autonomic nervous system in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of abnormal child psychology. 2011 Aug 1;39(6):841-52..

Abstract: For dental professionals in India, advertising has been a debatable issue, and the notion of using marketing strategies to promote a professional practice is relatively new. Despite the ethical rules prescribed by Dental Council of India in 2014 a number of practitioners ignore the code of ethics while advertising their practices. Many dentists feel that advertising is a necessary part of running a practice, and some of them argue that it has the potential to be beneficial. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the practice promoting strategies used by various dental clinics in Bengaluru city. Materials and Methods: Dental clinics all over the Bengaluru city were analysed for practice promoting strategies based on size of sign boards, clinic logos, road side advertisements, leaflets........

Key words: Dental Clinics; Ethics; Advertisements; Marketing; Dentist

[1]. Nayak PP, Raju VK, Kshetrimayum N, Ramesh L, Nayak SS, Kamath V. Dentists' Outlook on Advertising in their Line of Work in Bengaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2016;7(3):141-145.
[2]. Dable R, Prasanth, Singh, Nazikar. Is advertising ethical for dentists? An insight into the Indian scenario. Drug Health Patient Saf. 2011; 3: 93–98.
[3]. FDI World Dental Federation Dental Ethics Manual. Accessed online on 2017, November 12. Available from; www.fdiworldental.org.

[4]. Acharya AK, Gupta R, Kunsi SR, Goud VS, Muralidharan S. Ethical Practices of Dentists in Raichur City and its Implications in Indian Set-up. Indian Journal of Stomatology. 2014 Apr 1;5(2).

[5]. Sabarinath B, Sivapathasundharam B. Ethics in dentistry. Journal of Education and Ethics in Dentistry. 2011 Jan 1;1(1):24.

Abstract: Enopthalmos is a severe complication of inappropriate primary management via reconstruction of zygomaticomaxillarycomplex fractures including severe injury which require reconstruction of orbital floor. The main goal & objective for secondary reconstruction to correct enopthalmos is function &esthetic. Various treatment modalities are published in literature for achieving symmetric globe position. We here present case report of post traumatic enopthalmos by reconstructing orbital floor using an autogenous iliac crest bone graft. We found it a preferable option for correction to achieve better outcome thereby enhancing quality of life of patients.

Key words: Orbital floor,fracture,reconstruction,graft,iliac bone.

[1]. Smith B, Regan WF Jr (1957) Blowout fracture of orbit; mechanism and correction of internal orbit fracture. Am J Ophthalmol 44(6):733–739
[2]. Kroll M, Wolper J (1967) Orbital blowout fractures. Am J Ophthalmol 64(6):1169–1172
[3]. Sacks AC, Friedland JA (1979) Orbital floor fractures: should they be explored early? Plastic Reconstr Surg 64(2):190–193
[4]. Roncevic R, Malinger B (1981) Experience with various procedures in the treatment of orbital floor fractures. J Maxillofac Surg 9(2):81–84
[5]. Wolfe SA (1981) Correction of a lower eyelid deformity caused by multiple extrusions of alloplastic orbital floor implants. PlastReconstr Surg 68(3):429–432..

Abstract: Non traumatic perforation of choledochal cyst is a rare entity and can have diverse presentation. A 30 year old male was diagnosed to have liver abscess elsewhere and had undergone open drainage. Postoperatively patient had persistent abdominal pain and investigations revealed bilioma which was drained by Percutaneous catheter. The catheter was draining 500 ml bilious fluid. He underwent further evaluation and provisional diagnosis of iatrogenic bile duct injury was made. During laparotomy , a choledochal cyst was diagnosed and hepatico jejunostomy was done. Post op biopsy was consistent with choledochal cyst..

Keywords: Choledochal cyst- Percutaneous catheter- hepatico jejunostomy

[1]. Lipsett PA, et al Choledochal cyst disease : A changing pattern of presentation,Ann Sur 220:644-652,1994
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[4]. Paladugu R,Rau A,Schein M,Wise L. Spontaneous perforation of the hepatic duct in adult. Dig Sur.1998;15:417-420
[5]. Kang et al: Non traumatic perforation of the bile duct in adults , Arch Surg.2004;139:1083-1087.

Abstract: White Spot lesions develop on the tooth surface due to prolonged plaque accumulation which leads to demineralization of tooth surface. The most common primary cause of white spot lesions is fixed Orthodontic treatment. It is especially seen in patients who fail to maintain good oral hygiene. Also such lesions have to be differentiated from the cavitated or non-carious lesion on the tooth surface. Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment having High DMFS Index, frequent and high carbohydrate intake and poor oral hygiene have higher chances of developing white spot lesions. Over a period of years, multiple strategies have been introduced and implemented in...........

Keywords: White spot lesions, Fixed orthodontic treatment, esthetics

[1]. Julien KC, Buschang PH, Campbell PM. Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment. The Angle orthodontist. 2013;83(4):641-7. doi: 10.2319/071712-584.1. PubMed PMID: 23289733.
[2]. Yagci A, Korkmaz YN, Buyuk SK, Yagci F, Atilla AO. White spot lesion formation after treatment with full-coverage rapid maxillary expanders. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2016;149(3):331-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.08.015. PubMed PMID: 26926020.
[3]. Polat O, Gokcelik A, Arman A, Arhun N. A comparison of white spot lesion formation between a self-ligating bracket and a conventional preadjusted straight wire bracket. World journal of orthodontics. 2008;9(2):e46-50. PubMed PMID: 19641768.
[4]. Yagci A, Korkmaz YN, Yagci F, Atilla AO, Buyuk SK. Effect of 3 cements on white spot lesion formation after full-coverage rapid maxillary expander: A comparative in-vivo study. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 2016;150(6):1005-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.05.014. PubMed PMID: 27894521.
[5]. Gizani S, Petsi G, Twetman S, Caroni C, Makou M, Papagianoulis L. Effect of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri on white spot lesion development in orthodontic patients. European journal of orthodontics. 2016;38(1):85-9. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjv015. PubMed PMID: 25840585..

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the effect of cohesive and dispersive viscoelastic substances in protecting the corneal endothelium during in-the-bag phacoemulsification with implantation of a foldable lens. These effects were measured in terms of: endothelial cell count, Hexagonality frequency , The central corneal thickness. Design: Hospital based randomized interventional study Method: Study was conducted on 60 patients (30 patients in group A and 30 patients in group B) who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Group A- Patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation using cohesive viscoelastic...........

Keywords: cohesive viscoelastics, dispersive viscoelastics, post-operative corneal edema

[1]. Mohan M. National Survey of Blindness–India. NPCB-WHO Report. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India;1989.
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[3]. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov-Dec; 56(6): 489–494.PMCID: PMC2612994 Current status of cataract blindness and Vision 2020: The right to sight initiative in India. G V S Murthy, MD, Sanjeev K Gupta, MD, Neena John, MCA, and Praveen Vashist, MD.
[4]. Vajpayee RB, Verma K, Sinha R et al. (2005): Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices in phacoemulsification. BMC Ophthalmol 5: 17–22.
[5]. Laing RA, Oak SS, Leibowitz HA: Specialized microscopy of the cornea. In: Leibowitz HM, Waring GO, eds. Corneal disorders. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1998:83-12..

Abstract: Glaucoma is a disease in which a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells is characterized by a recognizable pattern of both visual function loss & optic nerve pallor and excavation. Medical management of glaucoma has many drawbacks like lack of compliance by the patients, high cost factor, toxicity of drugs, drug resistance, continued loss of visual acuity and field despite adequate control of IOP and failure of regular follow-up visits. Glaucoma patient have decreased mean endothelial cell density. Corneal endothelial cell count has been shown to be further reduced after glaucoma filtration surgery. Decrease in endothelial cell count depends on no of factors like type of Glaucoma, Intra-operative use of mitomycin-C, post-op shallowing of anterior chamber. Objective: To quantify changes in corneal endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness and structural changes like pleomorphism/polymegathism in patients undergoing trabeculectomy.. Material & Methods: Trabeculectomy was carried in 30 patients of Primary Open/Closed angle Glaucoma using standard technique. Pre...........,

[1]. Ivan Goldberg. Glaucoma in the 21st century (2000) . Edited by RN Weinreb,Y Kitazawa GK Krieglstein, Mosby International Ltd,
[2]. Duke Elder Vol. XI : System of Ophthalmology, Diseases of the Lens and Vitreous, Glaucoma and Hypotony. Henry Kimpton, London : pg 380-388
[3]. Sihota R & Tandon R. In Parson's Disease of Eye (2007). 20th Ed. Elsevier;287
[4]. Fernando Cesar Abib, Jackson Barretto (2001). Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery Oct ;Vol 27; Issue 10; 1574-1578
[5]. Behringe D, Reinhard T, Speilberg HCL (2002). Influencing factor on chronic endothelial cell loss charecterised in a homologus group of patients. Br. J Ophthalmol; 86; 35-38.

Abstract: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most precise measure of kidney function, however direct measurement of the GFR is difficult and expensive. With the introduction of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation to calculate GFR in patients with chronic kidney disease, questions arise as to whether this method should be considered over the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation when making dosage adjustments for antimicrobials that are renally eliminated. The study was carried out to assess the concordance between drug dosing recommendations of antimicrobials based on Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations in patients with chronic renal dysfunction.........

Keywords: Antimicrobial drug dosing, Cockcroft-Gault equation, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.

[1]. Bicalho MD, Soares DB, Botoni FA, Reis AM, Martins MA. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity and dose adjustment recommendations: agreement among four drug information sources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015 Sep 9; 12(9):11227-40.
[2]. JhaVivekanand, Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Kunitoshi Iseki, Zuo Li, SaraladeviNaicker, Brett Plattner, Rajiv Saran, Angela Yee-Moon Wang,Chih-Wei Yang. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60687-X. [3]. Vishwas AT, Divyashree N, NandanHN, Bhanushree DM. A review on dose adjusment in renal failure patients. European Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Research, 2017;4(5):156-161.
[4]. Wargo KA, Edward H Eiland 3rd, Wayne Hamm, Thomas M English, Haley M Phillippe. Comparison of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft–Gault equations for antimicrobial dosage adjustments. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 2006; 40: 1248-1253.
[5]. Moranville MP, Heath R. Jennings. Implications of using modification of diet in renal disease versus Cockcroft–Gault equations for renal dosing adjustments. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2009; 66: 154-161..

Abstract: A skilled attendant at birth as well as comprehensive emergency obstetric care with caesarean section available to parturients in need has been advocated to reduce the appalling maternal mortality and morbidity prevalent in sub-saharan African. Even though caesarean section rates continue to rise around the world, its utilization in Africa remains low due to a strong aversion to this surgery. This study assesses the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards caesarean section in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 297 consenting pregnant women. Data was analysed using Strata version 12. All the patients had knowledge of caesarean section. Two hundred and ten women (70.70%) would accept it as an option of delivery. Eighty seven (29.30%) patients would not accept the procedure under any circumstance.The place.......

Keywords: caesarean section, knowledge, attitude, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital

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[5]. National Population Commission. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Maryland: NPC Nigeria; 2014..

Abstract: CD163, is significantly associated with the aggressive behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although the phenotypes of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) in different types of solid tumors have been extensively characterized, the phenotypes and functional properties of the TAMs that infiltrate premalignant lesions remain to be determined. The expression of the angiogenic activity has been shown to be an early and predictable characteristic of many pre- neoplastic cells, and may represent one of the earliest indications that a cell population has become committed to malignancy. Our study aims to Point out new markers that could be used for early detection of molecular changes prior to malignant transformation. A total of 48 adult male albino rats were selected..........

Keywords: FNAC, Salivary gland lesions, Sialadenitis ,Pleomorphic adenoma, Acinic cell carcinoma

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[2]. Bdelaziz, A. H. A., Ssa, M. O. E., Amazaki, M. A. Y., Aruyama, S. A. M., Bé, T. A. A., Abkair, H. A. B.,Aku, T. A.S. (2016). Tumour-associated macrophages are recruited and differentiated inthe neoplastic stroma of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Pathology. 48(3):219-27.
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Abstract: Hepatic subcapsular hematoma is an exceptional and life-threatening complication after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We report here a new case of subcapsular liver hematoma after ERCP successfully treated with percutaneous drainage, with a review of different cases described in the litterature..

Keywords: Hepatic subcapsular hematoma, complication, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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[5]. Rustagi T, Jamidar PA. Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography-related adverse events generaloverview. Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am. 2015;25:97---106..