iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2018

Abstract: The estimated prevalence of movement disorders among patients with cerebrovascular disease is 1% with an incidence of 0.08% at 1 year [1]. Hemiballism secondary to controlateral subthalamic haemorrhage caused by acenocoumarol overdose is exceptional. To the best of our knowledge, no similar case has been reported in the literature. We describe the case of a 70-year-old Moroccan man who presented with involuntary left arm and leg movements. Anamnesis revealed that he was taking vitamin K antagonist (acenocoumarol: Sintrom®) during 5 months for a deep vein thrombosis of lower limb. The brain CT revealed a focal.........

Key words: Hemiballism- Hemorrhage stroke- Subthalamic nucleus

[1]. Chung SJ, Im JH, Lee MC, Kim JS. Hemichorea after stroke: clinical-radiological correlation. J Neurol 2004; 251:725–9.

[2]. Kazuyuki N, Nobutaka H, Yasuyuki O. Hemiballism with leg predominance caused by contralateral subthalamic haemorrhage. BMJ Case Rep 2015. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-208525.

[3]. Alexander GE, Crutcher MD. Functional architecture ofbasal ganglia circuits: neural substrates ofparallel processing. Trends Neurosci 1990; 13:266–71.

[4]. Hawleya J.S., William J.W. Hemiballismus: Current concepts and review. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 18 (2012) 125e129. [5]. Grandas F. Hemiballismus . Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 100 (3rd series). Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders..

Abstract: The main aim of the root canal preparation is to remove the infected debris and residual pulp tissues. Shaping the root canal provides more efficient disinfection by creating a reservoir for irrigants and medicaments and also provide space for canal filling. Stainless steel files are less flexible and tends to result in procedural errors. To minimize these errors coronal enlargement and the prior creation of glide paths should be done. Recently Ni-Ti rotary path files were introduced which are more flexible and cause less aberrations. In this study we have compared the apical canal transportation with two rotary path files system and hand stainless steel file system using computed tomography..........

Key words: Apical transportation, computed tomography, curved root canal, Ni-Ti files, rotary instruments

[1]. Berutti E, Cantatore G, Castellucci A et al (2009) Use of nickel-titanium rotary PathFile to create the glide path: comparison with manual preflaring in simulated root canals. Journal of Endodontics35, 408-12.
[2]. Bystrom A and Sundovist G (1985) The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy. International Endodontic Journal18, 35-40. Dhingra A, Manchanda N (2013) Canal anatomy modifications by using path files, glide path instruments analysed by CBCT. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences10, 69-73.
[3]. Gambill JM, Alder M, Rio CE (1996) Comparision of nickle-titanium and hand stainless steel hand fileusing Computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics 22, 369-375
[4]. Glosson CR, Haller RH, Dove B, Rio CE (1995) A comparison of root canal preparations using Ni–Ti hand, Ni–Ti engine-driven and K-flex endodontic instruments. Journal of Endodontics21, 146–151.
[5]. Guelzow A, Stamm O, Martus P & Kielbassa AM (2005) Comparative study of six rotary nickel–titanium systems and hand instrumentation for root canal preparation. International Endodontic Journal38, 743–752..

Abstract: Background: Overweight and Obesity is a major public health problem in recent times across the globe. It is related to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality as well as reduced life expectancy. Objectives:1) To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among rural adult population.2) To find-out the correlates of overweight and obesity among them. Methods:A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in a block of West Bengal. Data were collected from 945 adult people(>18 years) with the help of a pre-designed,pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire during one year. Study subjects were selected by Simple Random Sampling method from the available voter-list........

Key words:Cross-sectional study, Correlates,Overweight and Obesity, Prevalence, Rural adult

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Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disturbed carbohydrate tolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. However there is possibility of alteration of lipid profile as well. In the present study lipid profile parameters of gestational diabetes mellitus patient (GDM) were evaluated in a cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of BSMMU and BIRDEM. A total of 60 pregnant women of 3rd trimester were recruited for the study in which 30 were with GDM and 30 were normoglycemic. Along with basic characteristics and parameters like total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were evaluated at 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The lipid profile in gestational diabetes mellitus is found to be altered compared to healthy pregnant women.The altered parameter of lipid profile (Triglycerides, Total cholesterol) was found to be evident in our study. However, altered lipid profile in the GDM might also be due to altered diet in pregnancy.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Carbohydrate, LDL- cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Triglyceride levels.

[1]. American Diabetes Association, 2004, Gestational diabetes mellitus (position statement), Diabetes care, vol. 27, pp. 88-90.
[2]. Arcos F, Castelo-Branco C, Casals E, et al. 1998, Normal and gestational diabetic pregnancies, lipids, lipoproteins and apoliproteins, Reprod Med, vol. 43, pp. 144-148.
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[4]. Boder G. 1996, Fuel Metabolism in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus ObstetGynecol Clin North America, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
[5]. Couch S, Philipson EH, Bendel RB. et al. 1998, Elevated lipoprotein lipids and gestational hormones in women with diettreated gestational diabetes mellitus compared to healthy pregnany controls J Diab Comp, 12: 1–9...

Abstract: Head injury is one of the most common causes of death worldwide & compound depressed skull fracture is an important cause of mortality & morbidity in this regard. Gradual urbanization and industrialization along with poor traffic control, use of over dated malfunctioning vehicles, poor and unplanned road traffic system and overall lack of awareness of the people regarding traffic system increase RTA (Road Traffic Accident) along with head injury. Besides this, assaults, fall from height, sports injuries, birth trauma etc are also important causes of head injury in our country. Health professionals are always facing these patients with head injury in their everyday practice.........

Key words: Head injury, Compound depressed fracture of Skull, RTA (Road traffic accident)

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[4]. Cheek WR. Skull fractures. In: WR Cheek, AE McLone, and DH Reigel. ML Walker, (Ed). Pediatric Neurosurgery. 3rd Edition. WB Saunders. 1997, P.258-60.
[5]. Fracture of skull. In: B Ramamurthi, PN Tandon (eds) Textbook of Neurosurgery. 2nd edition, BI Churchill Livingstone; 1997.Vol 1:284-9.

Abstract: Polymers are commonly utilized materials in dentistry in both provisional and long-term basis for various applications1,2.In Prosthodontics impressions are commonly made using polymeric materials utilizing their elastic properties and dimensional stability. Among them, soft relining materials are important for treating abused tissues especially in Denture stomatitis3,4.Polyethyl methacrylate is the most commonly utilized material in Prosthodontics as a tissue conditioner5.Our study aimed to improve this polymer by incorporating nanoparticles into this and in this paper we are reporting about the morphological characterizations like Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for assessing the incorporation and distribution of these nanoparticles in the matrix.

[1]. Yunus M, Fauzan R. Mechanical properties of bioplastics cassava starch film with Zinc Oxide nanofiller as reinforcement. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol 210. IOP Publishing; 2017:12015.
[2]. Raj I, Mozetic M, Prabhu J V, Jose J, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N. Fracture resistant, Antibiofilm adherent, self-assembled PMMA/ZnO nanoformulations for Biomedical applications: Physico-chemical and biological perspectives of nano reinforcement. Nanotechnology. 2018.
[3]. Wen J, Yeh C-K, Sun Y. Functionalized denture resins as drug delivery biomaterials to control fungal biofilms. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2016;2(2):224-230.
[4]. oralis in a constant depth film fermentor. J Appl Microbiol. 2001;91(1):47-53.
[5]. Kurtzman G. Crown and bridge temporization part 1: provisional materials. Insid Denistry. 2008;4:72-80...

Abstract: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of tramadol as an adjuvant to ropivicaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia(IVRA) and to study the effect of addition of tramadol in respect of onset of sensory blockade, quality of anaesthesia and duration of postoperative analgesia. Introduction: Term 'VENOUS ANAESTHESIA' was coined by August Karl Gustav Bier, in 1908 and described an unusual method of producing analgesia of a limb. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of tramadol as an adjuvant to ropivicaine for IVRA and to study the effect of addition of tramadol in respect of onset of sensory blockade, quality of anaesthesia and duration of postoperative analgesia.........

Key words:Intravenous regional anaesthesia.

[1]. Brown BL, Fink BR. The history of neural blockade and pain management. In: Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO, editors. Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management Of Pain. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. pp. 3–34.
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[5]. Chilvers CR, Kinahan A, Vaghadia H, Merrick PM. Pharmacoeconomics of intravenous regional anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia for outpatient hand surgery. Can J Anesth. 1997;44(11):1152–1156.

Abstract: Smoking is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disorders, may lead to alter the normal plasma lipoprotein level. This study was done to evaluate lipid profile in chronic cigarette smokers and compare with non-smokers.The study was done on 50 chronic cigarette smokers and 50 healthy non-smokers of same age and weight. It was concluded thatincrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins were noted with history ofchronic smoking. Increased amount of smoking causes more of dyslipidaemia. Policies that prevent and reduce smoking will have absolute benefits for reducing cardiovascular mortality.

Key words: lipid profile, chronic smokers, non-smoker.

[1]. Benouwitz HL. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction.NewEngl J Med 1998; 319: 318-30.
[2]. Brischetto CS, Connor WE et al. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile of cigarette smokers from randomly selected families. Enhancement of hyperlipidaemia and depression of HDL.Am J Cardiol1983; 52: 675.
[3]. Cheryl S.B. et al. (1983). "Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles of cigarette smokers from randomly selected families, enhancement of hyperlipidemia and depression of high density lipoprotein" Am. J. Cardiol. 52: 675-680.
[4]. Krishna Swami S, Richard J, Prasad NK et al. Association between cigarette smoking and coronary artery disease in patients in India. Intern J Cardiol 1991; 31: 305-12.
[5]. Kannel WB. Update on the risk of cigarette smoking in coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1981; 101: 319-28.

Abstract: BACKGROUND- Induction of Labour is the artificial initiation of labour before spontaneous onset of labour sets in. The frequency of induction varies by the different drugs used for it. The objective of this study was to study the fetomaternal outcome after induction with Intracervical Dinoprostone (PGE2 Gel) and Intravenous Oxytocin. METHOD-.A prospective study was done at B.S.M.C.H, W.B, India using data of deliveries conducted during the period of Jan, 2016 to Dec 2017. Eligible patients included those at term, 37 weeks of gestation . All patients had singleton pregnancy with vertex presentation. A total of 150 patients were studied. They were distributed into two groups. 85 patients were in Group A were induced with single intra-cervical application of 0.5 mg PGE2 gel and remaining 65 patients.......

Key words: Induction, Intracervical Dinoprostone (PGE2 gel) , Oxytocin

[1]. American college of Obstetricians and Gynaecoligists: Induction of labour. Practice Bulletin No. 107 , August 2009, Reaffirmed 2013b.
[2]. Duff p. Huff RW. Gibb RS: Management of premature rupture of membranes and unfavourable cervix in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 63: 697-702.
[3]. Arulkumaran S, Gibb DMF. Heng SH, Lun KC. Ratnam SS. Total uterine activity in induced labour and index of cervical and pelvic tissue resistance. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 693·97.
[4]. Forman. A. Ulmsten U, Banyai J. et al. Evidence for a local effect of intracervical Prostaglandin E2 gel. Am J Obstet Gynaecol1982; 143: 756-60.
[5]. MacKenzie IZ, Emorey MP. Cervical ripening with intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel. Br Med J 1977; 2: 1381..

Abstract: BACK GROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis is still one of the commonest cause of infectious disease related morbidity and mortality in the developing countries.[1] Global TB burden. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) mostly relies on identification of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum smear, but its limitation is low sensitivity. Chest x-ray is neither sensitive nor specific for diagnosis of PTB. WHO endorsed CBNAAT as diagnostic tool for diagnosis of Pulmonary and extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. WHO developed End TB strategy to control TB. CBNAAT more sensitive for early detection of TB and it also detects Rifampicin resistance within 2 hours. The aim is to study the diagnostic yield of the CBNAAT in Pulmonary tuberculosis and asses the efficacy in detecting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in various groups of pulmonary tuberculosis, New cases, previously treated cases, PLHIV, DM and Drug resistance. Materials and methods.........

Key words: pulmonary tuberculosis, Rifampicin resistance, PLHIV, CBNAAT, Sputum smear.

[1]. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report Geneva: WHO, 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/137094/1/9789 241564809_eng. pdf?ua=1.
[2]. Shrestha P, Arjyal A, Caws M, et al. The application of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for smear negative TB diagnosis as a Fee-paying service at a south Asian general hospital. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment Article ID 102430, 2015;2015:1-6.
[3]. NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINATION 2017–2025, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, 3 Mar. 2017, tbcindia.gov.in/WriteReadData/NSP%20Draft%2020.02.2017%201.pdf.
[4]. Hopewell PC, Pai M, Maher D, et al. International standards for tuberculosis care. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6(11):710-25.
[5]. Getahun H, Harrington M, O'Brien R, et al. Diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis in people with HIV infection or AIDS in resource-constrained settings: informing urgent policy changes. Lancet 2007;369(9578):2042-9..

Abstract: Feverin HIV positive patientsis often accompanied by significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization and extensive evaluation.Whether etiologic spectrum of fever has changed as a consequence of HAART still remains unknown.Hence we conducted study to identify etiological profile of fever in HIV patients and its correlation with ART & CD4 count.Thisprospective observational study was carried out in 200 adult hospitalised HIV positive patients at tertiary care Hospital in Mumbai.The age of the patients studied ranged between 19 and 59 years with a mean age of 37.7(±8.3) years with 59% were males and 41% were females. Four symptoms namely dyspnea, cough, loss of appetite, weight loss were the common symptoms at presentation (65.5%, 64.5%, 63%, 63%respectively).79.5% of total patients had an opportunistic infection as a cause of fever. Tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. The most common cause of fever in HIV positive patients leading to hospitalization is an opportunistic infection and tuberculosis is the most common opportunistic infection causing fever. There is no correlation between duration of fever in HIV and duration of ART however duration of fever increases as clinical stage increases and CD4 count decreases.

[1]. Hot A, Schmulewitz L, Viard JP, Lortholary O. fever of unknown origin inHIV/AIDS patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21:1013-32.
[2]. N. Kumarasamy, SnigdhaVallabhaneni, Timothy P. Flanigan+, Kenneth H.Mayer+ &SunitiSolomon: Clinical profile of HIV in India. Indian J Med Res121, April 2005, pp 377-394
[3]. Miller RF, Hingorami AD, Foley NM. Pyrexia of undetermined origin in patientswith human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS. Int J STD AIDS 1996;7:170-175.
[4]. Miralles P, Moreno S, Perez-Tascon M, Cosin J, Diaz MD, Bouza E. Fever ofuncertain origin in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 872-875..

Abstract: Introduction: Preeclampsia is a potentially devastating disease of pregnancy that complicates 2%–8% of all pregnancies in the United States and can threaten the life of both the mother and her unborn child (1, 2). Manifesting after 20 weeks of gestation, preeclampsia is a multiorgan disorder defined as de novo hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) combined with proteinuria (≥300 mg/24 hours), as defined by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (3). Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patliputra Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand. 80 women with preeclampsia and 80 normotensive pregnant women as controls were included in the study after obtaining their informed consent. The diagnosis of Preeclampsia was done as per the norms......... .

[1]. Duley L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Perinatol 2009;33:130–7.2.
[2]. Davis EF, Lazdam M, Lewandowski AJ, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2012;129:e1552–61.
[3]. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics,d 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2012;125:e2–220.4
[4]. Brown MA, Lindheimer MD, de Swiet M, Van Assche A, Moutquin JM. The classification and diagnosis of the hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy: statement from the International Society for theStudy of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Hypertens Pregnancy 2001;20:IX–XIV.
[5]. Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2003;102:181–92....

Abstract: Objective: To identify trends inoccupational therapy research over ten yearsusing text analytic tools. Methods: Articles published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) from 2007-2016 were retrieved from Pubmed and compiled in a database. The most frequently occurring words in the titles of these articles wereanalyzed using text analytics.
Results: Based on the analysis of journal article titles, the most striking trendsthat were observed were a substantial increase in the number of articles related to intervention and assessment in children and adults, and a growing emphasis on the publication of systematic reviews. Conclusion: While this study provides a valuable insight into the trends in occupational therapy research, it does not elucidate the specific contents of these articles. Hence, more detailed investigations are necessary to identify the specific direction of occupational therapy research..

[1]. Hall SR. Crifasi KA. Marinelli CM. & Yuen H.K. Continuing education requirements among State Occupational Therapy Regulatory Boards in the United States of America. J EducEval Health Prof. 2016; 13: 3746-51.
[2]. Rozendo CA. Santos Salas A. & Cameron B. A critical review of social and health inequalities in the nursing curriculum. Nurse Educ Today. 2017; 50:62-71.
[3]. Richards LG. State of the Journal Am J Occup Ther.2015; 69 (6):690-2.
[4]. Pedrami F, Asenso P & Devi S. Using Text Analytics of AJPE Article Titles to Reveal Trends In Pharmacy Education Over the Past Two Decades. Am J Pharm Educ. 2016; 80(6):104 -12
[5]. Demner-Fushman D, Elhadad N. Aspiring to Unintended Consequences of Natural Language Processing: A Review of Recent Developments in Clinical and Consumer-Generated Text Processing. Year Med Inform. 2016; 10(1):224-33...

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the leading cause of surgical acute abdomen worldwide with a prevalence of approximately 7 % of population. Objective of current study was to study the clinical profile of acute appendicitis in our society.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred patients who were treated in the department of surgery at TRIHMS, Naharlagun with acute appendicitis during the period from 1st January 2017 to 31st March 2018 were studied. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis were made by detailed history, thorough clinical examination including per rectal examination were done. Investigations with routine blood tests, DC, WBC count, USG of abdomen and Pelvis, X-ray of whole abdomen, blood group and Rh typing and histopathological study of the appendix were performed and reported by the pathologist of the department.........

Key words: Acute abdomen, Acute appendicitis, Clinical profile.

[1]. Singh A K, Singh S P. The study on clinical profile of acute appendicitis. International journal of Medical and Health Research.
2017; 3(2):139-41.
[2]. Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 1986; 15(5):557-64.
[3]. Yu S H, Kim C B, Park JW. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: Evaluation by meta-analysis. Korean J Radiol.
2005; 5(2):267-77.
[4]. Kilincer A et al. A new technique for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: Abdominal CT with compression to the right lower
quadrant. Eur. Radiol.2017; 27(8):3317-25.
[5]. Addis D G, Shaffer N, Fowler B S. The epidemiology of acute appendicitis and appendectomy in United States. Am J
Epidemiology. 1990; 132(5):910-25..

Abstract: Background/Aims: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is here to stay and is today the procedure of choice for treatment of gall stone disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate 260 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with respect to time taken in surgery, intra operative and post operative complications, to find the reasons for conversion to open cholecystectomy, time of discharged from hospital and mortality. Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study a total number of 260 patients who underwent laparoscopic
cholecystectomy from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017 at our hospital were observed. The result a nd complications of laparoscopic surgery were documented in audit for each laparoscopic cholecystectomy and at the end the result are analyzed.
Results: There was no common......

Key words: Gallstones, Calculus Cholecystitis, Critical view of safety (CVS), Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

[1]. Singh S, Shubham L. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our experience with initial 70 cases after training in laboratory setting.
JEMDS. 2013; 2(17):2946-49.
[2]. Halilovic H, Hasukic S, Motivic E, Imamovic G. Rate of complications and conversion after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and
open cholecystectomy. Med Arch. 2011; 65(6):336-38.
[3]. Gandhi C S, Inamder PS, Pathak SR. Study of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in rural hospital. Int Surg J. 2016;3(2):658-62.
[4]. Arumugam R, Pandurengen K. Pre-operative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Int Surg J. 2015; 2(4):584-89.
[5]. Gadaz T R, Talamini MA, Lillemoe LD, Yeo CJ. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Clin North Am. 1990; 70(6):1249-62...

Abstract: The aim of this study was to perform pulse oximetry test (POT) with two extremities on all healtly neonates, to determine for critical congenital heart disease, diagnostic value of the test by performing echocardiographic examination, and to calculate the frequency of congenital heart disease in these babies. The arterial oxygen saturation test was applied using pulse oximeter from the right hand and either foot within 24 h of birth of all healthy neonates born over 35 weeks. The false positivity rate in our study was (1/638)0.15%, the exclusion rate was 100% and the accuracy rate was 99.8%. Congenital heart disease rate is 172/638 (%26). The most common diagnoses in these patients were atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect, inter atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic failure. One case of a test-positive patient with persistent fetal circulation leading to cyanosis creating non anatomical but functional right-to-left shunt was identified in the early period and treated in intensive care..........

[1]. Knowles R, Griebsch I, Dezateux C, Brown J, Bull C, Wren C. Newborn screening for congenital heart defects: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Nov;9(44):1-152.

[2]. 2.Abu-Harb M, Hey E, Wren C. Death in infancy from unrecognised congenital heart disease. Arch Dis Child1994;71:3-7.

[3]. de-Wahl Granelli A, Wennergren M, Sandberg K, Mellander M, Bejlum C, Inganäs L, Eriksson M, Segerdahl N, Agren A, Ekman-Joelsson BM, Sunnegårdh J, Verdicchio M, Ostman-Smith I. Impact of pulse oximetry screening on the detection of duct dependent congenital heart disease: a Swedish prospective screening study in 39,821 newborns. BMJ. 2009 Jan 8;338:a3037.
[4]. Klausner R, Shapiro ED, Elder RW, Colson E, Loyal J. Evaluation of a Screening Program to Detect Critical Congenital Heart Defects in Newborns. Hosp Pediatr. 2017 Apr;7(4):214-218.

[5]. 5.Bhola K, Kluckow M, Evans E. Post-implementation review of pulse oximetry screening of well newborns in an Australian tertiary maternity hospital. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health 2014:50;920-925. [6]. 6. Meberg A, Brügmann-Pieper S, Due R Jr, Eskedal L, Fagerli I, Farstad T, at al. First day of life pulse oximetry screening to detect congenital heart defects. J Pediatr. 2008 Jun; 152(6): 761-5..

Abstract: Introduction: The co-occurrence of Psychosis and Substance use is prevalent and is associated with significant clinical and social problems. More than three fourths of all schizophrenic patients smoke cigarettes; 30-50 % may meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Aims & Objectives: 1.To evaluates the Prevalence and Pattern of Substance use in the patients with Psychotic disorders & to co-relate with various socio-demographic factors. 2. To find severity of Psychosis & substance use & to find correlation between them. Materials & Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at, Psychiatry OPD, PDU Gov. Medical College & Hospital, Rajkot. Systematic randomization sampling method with fraction of 8 was used for case selection and total 200 patients were approached. BPRS.............

Key words: Substance use, Dual Diagnosis, Psychosis

[1]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). Washington, DC. 1994:143-7.
[2]. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan &Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (Eleventh edition.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.P:980.
[3]. Weich L,Pienaar W: Occurrence of comorbid substance use disorders among acute psychiatric inpatients at Stikland Hospital in Western cape,South Africa. Afr JPsychiatry 2009;12:213-217.

[4]. Fagerstrom KO, Schneider NG. Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire.Journal of behavioral medicine. 1989 Apr 1;12(2):159-82.

[5]. Pomerleau CS, Carton SM, Lutzke ML, Flessland KA, Pomerleau OF. Reliability of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence.Addictive behaviors. 1994 Jan 1;19(1):33-9..

Abstract: Introduction: Suicide attempt is defined as a self-injurious behaviour with a non-fatal outcome accompanied by explicit or implicit evidence that the person intended to die. There is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in those who attempt suicide which can be identified with proper intervention and measurement of severity of intent of the attempt can guide us not only for current management, but also future outcome of the patient.Aims & Objectives: 1.To study prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity in patients with suicidal attempt.2.To study various socio-demographic factors in patients with suicidal attempt.3.To find correlation of severity of attempt and psychiatric co-morbidity, method of attempt and immediate reasons for the attempt.Materials& Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out at various indoor departments on patients referred for psychiatric evaluation, PDU.......

[1]. Sadock, Benjamin James; Sadock, Virginia Alcott; Synopsis of Psychiatry, Behavioural Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry;11th Edition, 2015, Ch 23.1 Emergency psychiatry Medicine-Suicide,p763.
[2]. Sadock, Benjamin James; Sadock, Virginia Alcott; Synopsis of Psychiatry, Behavioural Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry;11th Edition, 2015, Ch 23.1 Emergency psychiatry Medicine-Suicide,p764.

[3]. Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India 2008. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India; 2009. National Crime Records Bureau

. [4]. Mittal A, Singh D, Sinha A; A study of psychiatric morbidity in suicide attempts; International Journal of Medical toxicology and legal Medicine, 1999; 2(1): 14-15.

[5]. RL Narang, BP Mishra, N Mohan, et al, Attempted Suicide in Ludhiana, Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2000, 42(l), 83-87.