iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2018

Abstract: Background: Obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. In Asia, Indians have a genetic susceptibility to develop obesity and Metabolic syndrome which is associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors.Aim and objective:To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among under-graduate students of a medical college at Agaram village, Puducherry. Materials and method:About 384 students (212 boys & 172 girls) of average age 19.8years participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Clinical screening included blood pressure estimation. Statistics:The values were expressed as frequencies and mean ± SD. Student 't'test and Chi-square tests were done to analyse the prevalence of obesity.Result:Based on Asia........

Key words: Body mass index, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Waist circumference

[1]. World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva : WHO, 1998. (.), 3-5 Jun 1997. WHO/NUT/98.1.
[2]. Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA. 93– 103, s.l : Ann NY AcadSci, Medline Web os science,1993,Vol.699.
[3]. World Health Organisation. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva : WHO, 1995.
[4]. World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity. The Asia-PacificPerspective.Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Western Pacific Region Health Communications Australia, 2000.
[5]. Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Deurenberg P. Elevated body fat percentage and cardiovascular risks at low body mass index levels among Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians.Obes Rev. 3, 2002, Vols. 209–15, 3.

Abstract: Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident is defined as the abrupt onset of focal neurological deficit. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor. Dyslipidaemia also plays a major role as a risk factor for stroke. Background: Studies in the past have demonstrated that patients with increased lipoprotein (a) and diabetes have an increased risk of stroke. High lipoprotein (a) predicts risk of early atherosclerosis independently of other risk factors including LDL. Objective: To compare lipoprotein (a) levels in type 2 diabetics and non-diabetic patients with ischaemic stroke. Methods: Cross sectional, prospective study done at the Institute of Internal Medicine, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai from August 2016 to June 2017. 100 patients with ischaemic..........

Key words: Lipoprotein (a), Diabetes mellitus, Cerebrovascular accident, Stroke

[1]. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, Early Online publication, 24 October 2013.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4
[2]. Easton JD et al: Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack. Stroke 40:2276, 2009 [PMID: 19423857]
[3]. Ames A, Nesbett FB: Pathophysiology of ischemic cell death: I. Time of onset of irreversible damage: Importance of the different components of the ischemic insult. Stroke 14:219, 1983. [PMID: 6836647]
[4]. Hossman K-A: Pathophysiology of cerebral infarction, in Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL (eds): Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol 53. Vascular diseases. Part I. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988, pp 27-46.
[5]. Ross R. Cell biology of atherosclerosis. Annual review of Physiology 1995; 57:791-804

Abstract: Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident can be defined as an abrupt onset of focal neurological deficit. Type II diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia are major risk factors. Background:Previous studies have demonstrated that among diabetics with increased levels of lipoprotein (a), there is an increased risk of stroke. Higher levels predict early atherosclerosis, and this is independent of the other risk factors including LDL. Objective: To assess the severity of ischaemic stroke by the Scandinavian score, and to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in severity between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods: Cross sectional, prospective studydone at the Institute...........

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Cerebrovascular accident, Stroke, Scandinavian score

[1]. The history of stroke and cerebrovascular disease, Maurizio Paciaroni, Julien Bohousslavsky, Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria dellaMisericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Genolier Swiss Medical Network, 1823, Glion/Montreux, Switzerland
[2]. Thompson JE (August 1, 1996). "The evolution of surgery for the treatment and prevention of stroke. The Willis Lecture". Stroke 27 (8):1427-34.
[3]. Kopito, Jeff (September 2001). "A Stroke in Time". MERGINET.com
[4]. R. Barnhart, ed. The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995)
[5]. Schiller F (April 1970). "Concepts of stroke before and after Virchow". Med Hist14(2):.

Abstract: Background: Degeneration of cervical spine involving uncovertebral or facet joints are more often radiological findings in patients with cervical spondylosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which is the gold standard radiological investigation to diagnose and detect grades of degenerative cervical spondylosis reveals only the anatomical structures and delineates extent of soft tissue involvement around the cervical spine. Functional status of the cervical spine and extent of nerve root compression can be unraveled by Nerve Conduction Studies(NCS).Moreover, NCS helps to guidethe treatment for degenerative cervical spondylosis in a modified and individualized manner. Aim: Our focus was to.......

Keywords: Cervical spondylosis; NCS; MRI.

[1]. Kellgren JH, Ball J (1963) Atlas of standard radiographics, vol II. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford

[2]. Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS (1958) Osteo-arthrosis and disk degeneration in an urban population. Ann Rheum Dis 17(4): 388–397[PubMed]
[3]. Kevin H, Spanier D. Electrodiagnosisin cervical radiculopathy. Phys Med RehabilClin N Am 2013; 24: 1–12.
[4]. Hanflig SS. Pain in the shoulder girdle, arm , and precordium due to cervical artritis. JAMA.1936 ;106: 523-527.
[5]. Kaiser JA, Holladn BA. Imaging of the cervical spin. Spine .1998; 148: 233–236.

Abstract: Introduction: Anaemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders with a prevalence of approximately, 52%. It has public health importance in developing countries like India where it is the most widespread nutritional problem. Evaluation of women in their reproductive years irrespective of their pregnancy status provides a critical development of effective intervention strategies to curb anemia related complications. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of anemia among the female patients in the reproductive age group (18-42years)..........

Key Words: Anemia, Reproductive age, Females, Retrospective, Hemoglobin

[1]. Kalaivani K (2009) Prevalence & consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 130: 627-633.
[2]. Gillespie S (1998): Major Issues in the Control of Iron Deficiency. The Micronutrient Initiative.UNICEF.
[3]. Allen L (1997): Pregnancy and iron deficiency: unresolved issues. Nutr. Rev. 55, 4.
[4]. Kariyeva GK, Magtymova A, Sharman A. ANEMIA..
[5]. Sood SK, Ramachandran K, Mathur M, Gupta K, Ramalingaswami V, et al. (1974) WHO sponsored collaborative studies on nutritional anaemias in India.1. The effects of supplemental oral iron administration to pregnant women. QJM 44: 241-258.

Abstract: Trabeculectomy is glaucoma filtration surgery that lowers Intra-Ocular Pressure(IOP). The indications include all glaucomas. There are variations in the procedure, pre and post operative management, and results vary among different centers and surgeons. The indications of trabeculectomy are changing in recent years, especially in primary and secondary open angle glaucomas. The clinical outcome of trabeculectomy is affected by the indications for surgery, intraocular inflammation, and antiglaucoma medication use. Our study aims to study the longterm clinical outcome of trabeculectomy in patients with various types of glaucoma s. This retrospective observational........

Key words: Trabeculectomy, Glaucoma, indications of trabeculectomy, Clinical outcome, success rate, failure rate, factors influencing outcome.

[1]. Cairns JE. Trabeculectomy. Preliminary report of a new method. Am J Ophthalmol 1968;66:673–8. [PubMed]

[2]. Mutsch YA1, Grehn F. Success criteria and success rates in trabeculectomy with and without intraoperative antimetabolites using intensified postoperative care (IPC). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000 Nov;238(11):884-91

[3]. Koller TL1, Stürmer J, Gloor B. Risk factors for trabeculectomy failure. [Article in German] Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998 Jul;213(1):1-8.

[4]. Parc CE, Johnson DH, Oliver JE, Hattenhauer MG, Hodge DO. The long-term outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 132: 27–35.

[5]. Migdal C1, Gregory W, Hitchings R. Long-term functional outcome after early surgery compared with laser and medicine in open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1994 Oct;101(10):1651-6...

Abstract: DVT of lower extremities is one of the most common cause for pulmonary embolism which in turn is responsible for majority of deaths. It is a common clinical problem that complicates many medical and surgical disorders. It usually presents as pain and swelling of the affected limbs and may also cause structural damage to the valves of deep veins, which results in post phlebitic syndrome. Development of a thrombus within a vein may be considered functionally as an exaggeration of the normal process of haemostasis. Group of patients with the high risk of developing DVT are the patients after a major surgery, trauma, prolonged immobilization such as in acute myocardial infarction, CCF, stroke and postoperative convalescence period. Other risk factors to mention a few are neoplasms, pregnancy, oral contraceptive pills and hypercoagulable states...........

[1]. Zwiebel WJ. Venous thrombosis. In: Zweibel WJ. Introduction to vascular ultrasonography, 5thedn., WB Saunders Company 2005;449-465.
[2]. Appelman PT, DeJong TE et al. Deep venous thrombosis of the leg : US findings. Radiology 1987;163:743-746.
[3]. Sheiman RG, Weintraub JL. Bilateral lower extremity US in the patient with bilateral symptoms of deep venous thrombosis : Assessment of need. Radiol 1995;196:379-381.
[4]. Hill SL, Holtzman GI. The origin of lower extremity deep vein thrombi in acute venous thrombosis. Am J Surg 1997;173:485-490.
[5]. Salzman EW, Harris WH. Prevention of venous thormboembolism in orthopaedic patients. J Bone Joint Surg 1976;58A:903..

Abstract: Background: Open angle glaucoma and dry eye are two different pathologies exhibiting diverse ocular signs and symptoms but both have chronic progressive course requiring lifelong management. Some factors involved in pathogenesis of glaucoma such as change in level of proinflammatory cytokines in tear fluid and serum of patients with glaucoma and role of IL1 and IL6, oxidative processes and immunological mechanisms are being implicated in dry eye also. Hence this study was initiated to further explore similarities in pathogenesis of POAG and Dry Eye Disease. Aim : To evaluate dry eye parameters in cases of primary open angle glaucoma and compare the incidence of dry eye in newly diagnosed cases of POAG and already diagnosed cases of POAG instilling ocular hypotensives..........

Keywords: primary open angle glaucoma, dry eye, ocular surface disease, antiglaucoma medications

[1]. Schein OD, Hochberg MC, Muñoz B, et al. Dry eye and dry mouth in the elderly: a population-based assessment. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(12):1359–1363.
[2]. Stewart WC, Stewart JA, Nelson LA. Ocular surface disease in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Curr Eye Res. 2011;36(5):391–398.
[3]. E. W. Leung, F. A. Medeiros, and R. N. Weinreb, "Prevalence of ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients," Journal of Glaucoma, vol. 17,no.5,pp.350–355,2008.
[4]. Sahai A, Malik P. Dry Eye: Prevalence and attributable risk factors in a hospital-based population. Indian J Ophthalmol2005;53:87-91.
[5]. S. Resnikoff, D. Pascolini, D. Etya'ale et al., "Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002," Bulletin of the Health Organization, vol.82,no.11,pp.844–851,2004.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of three different polishing systems on surface gloss of microfill, nanofill, and nanohybrid resin composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 resin composite discs were prepared in split Teflon mold with dimension of 10 mm diameter and two mm thick. Specimens were equally divided into three groups according to restorative materials (microfill composite A, nanohybrid composite B and nanofill C); 40 specimens for each material (n=40). Ten specimens from each restorative material were remained without finishing/polishing and used as a control group. The gloss of surface was measured with gloss meter. Results: There was statistically significant difference among the tested composite materials and polishing method (P <0.001). The nanofilled resin composite.........

Key words: Surface gloss, Nano-filled resin composite, Nano-hybrid resin composite & Finishing/Polishing

[1]. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C andSilikas N (2007). Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J Mater Sci Mater Med; 18: 155-63.
[2]. Hosoya Y, Shiraishi T, Odatsu T, Ogata T, Miyazaki M and Powers JM (2010). Effects of specular component and polishing on color of resin composites. J Oral Sci; 52:599-607.
[3]. Bennett HE andPorteus JO. Relation between surface roughness and specular reflectance at normal incidence. J Opt Soc Am )1961(; 51:123–29.
[4]. Chung KH. Effects of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface texture of resin composites (1994). Dent Mater; 10:325-330.
[5]. Ferracane JL, Condon JR,Mitchem JC 1992. Evaluation of subsurface defects created during the finishing of composites. J Dent Res; 71:1628–32..

Abstract: Background :The ACOG in 2013 redefined term pregnancy as Early term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks ,Full term: 39 0/7 weeks through 40 6/7 weeks, Late term: 41 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks and Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond . Recent data demonstrate that maternal and neonatal adverse outcome rates are not the same across the 5-week gestational age range that constitutes term. Rather, the frequency of adverse outcome is U-shaped with the nadir around 39 weeks 0 days through 40 weeks 6 days gestation. Aim : to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes between 37 to 42 completed weeks of pregnancy and to determine the mean duration of normal pregnancy in regional population with reference to the incidence of reassuring fetal status...........

[1]. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine; JAMA 2013: 309(23):2445-2446
[2]. .Balchin, Whittaker, R.Patel; Racial variation in the association between gestational age and perinatal mortality; Prospective study: BMJ 2007; 334:833.

[3]. Roshni R Patel Philip Steer Pat Doyle Mark P Little Paul Elliott Does gestation vary by ethnic group? A London-based study of over 122 000 pregnancies with spontaneous onset of labour International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 33, Issue 1, 1 Februar 2004, Pages 107–11

[4]. Bhat RA1, Kushtagi P. A re-look at the duration of human pregnancy. Singapore Med J. 2006 Dec;47(12):

[5]. Blondell B, Morin I, Plat RW, et al: Algorithms for combining menstrual and ultrasound estimates of gestational age:Consequences for rates of preterm and postterm birth. Br J ObstetGynecol 109:718, 2002

Abstract: Background:Obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. In Asia, Indians have a genetic susceptibility to develop obesity and Metabolic syndrome which is associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors.Aim and objective:To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among under-graduate students of a medical college at Agaram village, Puducherry. Materials and method:About 384 students (212 boys & 172 girls) of average age 19.8years participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Clinical screening included blood pressure estimation. Statistics:The values were expressed as frequencies and..........

Key words: Body mass index, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Waist circumference

[1]. World Health Organisation. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva : WHO, 1998. (.), 3-5 Jun 1997. WHO/NUT/98.1.
[2]. Obesity and cardiovascular risk in children. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Wattigney WA. 93– 103, s.l : Ann NY AcadSci, Medline Web os science,1993,Vol.699.
[3]. World Health Organisation. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva : WHO, 1995.
[4]. World Health Organization, International Association for the Study of Obesity. The Asia-PacificPerspective.Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Western Pacific Region Health Communications Australia, 2000.
[5]. Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Deurenberg P. Elevated body fat percentage and cardiovascular risks at low body mass index levels among Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians.Obes Rev. 3, 2002, Vols. 209–15, 3...

Abstract: Les effets des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) sur l'électrophysiologie cérébrale ont suffisamment été rapportés ces dernières décennies. Cependant, à notre connaissance, il n'existe pas de données à ce sujet dans notre milieu. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si l'exposition aux ETM est accompagnée de modifications électroencéphalographiques (EEG) chez les enfants en âge scolaire vivant à proximité d'une industrie minière à Lubumbashi/Haut Katanga/DRC. Les ETM urinaires ont été analysés par spectrométrie de masse avec plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-MS) et l'enregistrement EEG par l'appareil Cadwell Easy II suivant le système 10-20.Les concentrations des ETM analysés étaient toutes supérieures aux limites de référence acceptables, à l'exception du Hg, du Cd et du Se. Dans la majorité des cas (55,79% des cas), un ralentissement de l'EEG a été trouvé : dans..............

Mots clés: EEG, Eléments Traces Métalliques Urinaires, Enfants en âge scolaire, Lubumbashi/Haut Katanga/DRC

[1]. Aguiar, L. A., I. M. Silva, T. S. Fernandes and R. A. Nogueira (2015). "Long-term correlation of the electrocorticogram as a bioindicator of brain exposure to ionizing radiation." Braz J Med Biol Res48(10): 915-922.
[2]. Andrade, V. M., M. Aschner and A. P. Marreilha Dos Santos (2017). "Neurotoxicity of Metal Mixtures." Adv Neurobiol18: 227-265.
[3]. Atibu, E. K., P. Lacroix, P. Sivalingam, N. Ray, G. Giuliani, C. K. Mulaji, J. P. Otamonga, P. T. Mpiana, V. I. Slaveykova and J. Pote (2018). "High contamination in the areas surrounding abandoned mines and mining activities: An impact assessment of the Dilala, Luilu and Mpingiri Rivers, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Chemosphere191: 1008-1020.
[4]. Banza, C. L., T. S. Nawrot, V. Haufroid, S. Decree, T. De Putter, E. Smolders, B. I. Kabyla, O. N. Luboya, A. N. Ilunga, A. M. Mutombo and B. Nemery (2009). "High human exposure to cobalt and other metals in Katanga, a mining area of the Democratic Republic of Congo." Environ Res109(6): 745-752.
[5]. Beniczky, S., H. Aurlien, J. C. Brøgger, A. Fuglsang-Frederiksen, A. Martins-da-Silva, E. Trinka, G. Visser, G. Rubboli, H. Hjalgrim, H. Stefan, I. Rosén, J. Zarubova, J. Dobesberger, J. Alving, K. V. Andersen, M. Fabricius, M. D. Atkins, M. Neufeld, P. Plouin, P. Marusic, R. Pressler, R. Mameniskiene, R. Hopfengärtner, W. Emde Boas and P. Wolf (2013). "Standardized Computer-based Organized Reporting of EEG: SCORE." Epilepsia54(6): 1112-1124.

Abstract: introduction : La drépanocytose hétérozygote composite SC est une entité autonome, très différente de la drépanocytose homozygote. Elle représente 20% à 30% des syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs. Matériel et résultats : le but du travail a été de rapporter le cas d'une découverte fortuite d'une drépanocytose hétérozygote composite SC dans un contexte de décollement rétinien total de l'oeil droit et PVR stade C2, avec présence d'une vascularite occlusive périphérique au niveau de l'oeil gauche. Le diagnostic a était retenu sur un faisceau d'arguments cliniques, biologiques et angiographiques. Conclusion: Il faut savoir faire un dépistage précoce des patients à risque avec une surveillance clinique adaptée afin d'éviter l'évolution vers des séquelles organiques irréversibles..........

Key words: sickle cell disease, heterozygous SC, occlusive vasculitis, retinal detachment

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[4]. Koduri PR, Agbemadzo B, Nathan S. Hemoglobin S-C disease revisited: clinical study of 106 adults. Am J Hematol. 2001; 68(4): 298-300.
[5]. Cao J, Mathews MK, McLeod DS, Merges C, Hjelmeland LM, Lutty GA. Angiogenic factors in human proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999; 83(7): 83846...

Abstract: One hundred patients with chronic anal fissure were admitted to the surgical wards of S.V.R.R.G.G. Hospital, Tirupati during the period of August 2016 to November 2017, treated by Anal Fissurectomy or Partial Closed Internal Sphincterotomy. These cases were compared regarding the Gender, Age, Mode of presentation, Post operative pain score and recurrence. These patients were followed up for a maximum period of 1 year after ethical committee clearance. The results of treatment were evaluated with reference to post operative complications and recurrence. The Anal Fissurectomy and partial............

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Abstract: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or Von Recklinghausen disease is the most common phacomatosis. It is an autosomal dominant condition. His diagnosis is clinical with defined criteria. The cutaneous manifestations come to the foreground with the café au laitspots, the other diagnostic criteria includegliomaof the optic pathways, Lisch nodules, sphenoid dysplasia… The originality of our observation is in the atypical association of Neurofibromatosis type1 and upper retinal detachment further to spontaneous desinsertion to the orra.

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