iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract: Background: Solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is a common clinical entity. The majority of STNs are benign - the incidence of carcinoma is low. The ideal investigation for STN should differentiate between benign and malignant nodules so that the percentage of thyroid operations for cancer increases and unnecessary surgery for benign nodules is avoided A thyroid nodule could present in different ways: ranging from a solitary, asymptomatic nodule to a large multinodular goiter.. While approaching a patient with a thyroid nodule, it is important to discern certain clinical features/risk factors suggesting thyroid cancer. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) estimation is helpful as an initial test. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the best diagnostic test.Out of the total polulation of 3 crore in Jharkhand India , 27t% constitute the tribal population and MGM Medical College and Hospital Jamshedpur bear's majority..........

Keywords: Thyroid nodules , Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC), Tribes ,TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

[1]. Suen KC, Abdul Karim FW, Kaminakay BD, Layfield LJ et al. Guidelines of Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology for the examination of fine needle aspiration specimens from thyroid nodules. Mod Path 1996; 9: 710-5.
[2]. Mazzaferri EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Eng J Med 1993; 328: 553.
[3]. Vikas Sinha, Aziz Dhilawala, Ajay George, Rizwan Memon et al. Study of thyroid nodule. JIMSA 2005; 18 (2): 71-2
[4]. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009;19(11):1167-214.
[5]. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Ganie MA, et al. Status of thyroid function in Indian adults: two decades after universal salt iodization. J Assoc Physicians India. 2012;60:32-6...

Abstract: Dengue, a vector-borne viral disease caused by Dengue Virus of genus Flavivirus. It is transmitted from person to person by Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue which is endemic in India, has a seasonal pattern and the cases generally increase after the monsoons. It is a major public health concern to India and there is no specific curative therapy. So, early case detection and vector control are the important preventive aspect. There are very limited researches on seasonal variation of dengue which is important for prevention. So the present study was conducted to find out IgM positivity rate, age and sex distribution and to ascertain seasonal variability. A record based descriptive epidemiological study was conducted from January 2017 to March 2017 in the IDSP unit of Burdwan Medical College.........

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[3]. Park K. The Dengue Syndrome. Text book of preventive and social medicine 23rd ed. Jabalpur, India: M/s BanarsidasBhanot ; 2015. p 246-54
[4]. Padhi S, Dash M, Panda P, Parida B, Mohanty I, Sahu S, Narasimham MV. A three year retrospective study on the increasing trend in seroprevalence of dengue infection from southern Odisha, India. Indian J Med Res. 2014 Nov; 140(5): 660–4
[5]. Bathala NS, Bai SK, Sasidhar M, Sasikala A, Bharati M. A Study on Dengue Infection among Febrile Illness Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science (IJIRMS) Volume 01 Issue 09 Nov 2016;363-5

Abstract: The success of tuberculosis treatment rests on multidrug anti tuberculosistherapy at least for six months. During the prolonged course of therapy, patients and doctors may come across many adverse drug events (ADE). Minor ADE are common but some are rare and life threatening. Hence it is obligatory for the health care providers to anticipate ADE during the course of therapy and take necessary measures. Skin related ADE can occur with all anti TB drugs. The presentation is of varying forms, while exfoliative dermatitis a form of cutaneous hypersensitivity occurs after few weeks of therapy. Exfoliative dermatitis to all four first line drugs singly or rarely in combination has been reported. Here we report a rare case of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (pleural effusion) with exfoliative dermatitis to all four oral first line drugs (Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide) and streptomycin.

Keywords: Anti-tubercular drugs, Cutaneous adverse drug reactions, Exfoliative dermatitis

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[4]. PV Kishore, Subish Palaian, Smitha Prabhu, Mukhyaprana Prabhu, Pranaya Mishra. Drug induced maculopapular rash with the commonly used first line antitubercular drug, Pyrazinamide. The Internet Journal of Dermatology 2007; 5(1):42-4. (s)
[5]. Harries A. What are the most common adverse drug events to first line tuberculosis drugs and what is the procedure for reintroduction of drugs? In :Frieden T.Toman's Tuberculosis. Case detection, treatment, and monitoring. Questions and Answers.2nd ed. World health organization.Geneva:2004.p156.

Abstract: Hepatic osteodystrophy is commonly observed in patients with the chronic liver disease with disease severity related to more bony loss. Liver transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy further aggravate the bony loss in patients of chronic liver disease. Hepatic osteodystrophy may constitute either osteopenia or osteoporosis. Osteopenia is diagnosed when bone mineral density (BMD) is 1- 2.5 standard deviation below the reference value. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the bone mineral content is greater than two standard deviations below the control mean value, matched for age and sex. Various techniques are used to measure the BMD which helps in early identification of bone loss in chronic liver disease. Management options include nutrition therapy, hormone replacement, and various drugs..........

Keywords: Hepatic Osteodystrophy, bone mineral density Osteoporosis

[1]. Chinnaratha MA, Chaudhary S, Doogue M, McCormick RJ, Woodman RJ, Wigg AJ. Prevalence of hepatic osteodystrophy and vitamin D deficiency in cirrhosis. Internal medicine journal. 2015 Dec;45(12):1230-5.

[2]. Tsuneoka K, Tameda Y, Takase K, Nakano T. Osteodystrophy in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Journal of gastroenterology. 1996 Oct 1;31(5):669-78.

[3]. Epstein S. Post‐transplantation bone disease: The role of immunosuppressive agents and the skeleton. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 1996 Jan;11(1):1-7.

[4]. Leidig-Bruckner G, Hosch S, Dodidou P, Ritschel D, Conradt C, Klose C, Otto G, Lange R, Theilmann L, Zimmerman R, Pritsch M. Frequency and predictors of osteoporotic fractures after cardiac or liver transplantation: a follow-up study. The Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):342-7.

[5]. Watts NB. Fundamentals and pitfalls of bone densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis international. 2004 Nov 1;15(11):847-54..

Abstract: The small veins accompanying the arteries usually form the Profunda femoris vein and drain into the femoral vein. It rarely forms a direct communication with the lower end of the femoral or popliteal vein. The aim of our study was to observe a case of anatomical variation where there was connection between profunda femoris vein and popliteal vein. Routine dissection of right lower limb of a 55 years old formalin fixed female cadaver was done in Anatomy Department of RIMS, Imphal. The Profunda femoris vein was found to be connected to the popliteal vein, where the union of anterior and posterior tibial veins formed the latter. One of the important sites of thrombus formation in the lower limb is in the Profunda femoris vein, which may lead to pulmonary embolism. Therefore, variations related to the anatomy of veins of the lower limb are important to predict the diagnosis and treatment. Variations in anatomy of this region are also required to avoid unexpected surgical complications..

Keywords- Profunda femoris, Popliteal vein, Femoral vein, Embolism.

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[2]. Nayak S.B ,Sirasanagandla S.R, Surendran S et al. Unusual communication of profunda femoris vein with the popliteal vein in the middle of the popliteal fossa. Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research. 2013; 1(4):80-82.
[3]. Kacar, D. and Barut C. A rare variation of profunda femoris vein directly communicating with popliteal vein. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences.2012; 20(2):70-72.
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Abstract: Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax is a very rare condition, accounting for ~1% of all spontaneous pneumothoraces [1]. Most of the reported cases are associated with underlying lung diseases. We herein report a rare case of a simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a young adult with past history of Pulmonary Tuberculosis..

[1]. A. Sayar, A. Turna, M. Metin, N. K¨uc¸¨ukyaˇgci, O. Solak, and A. G¨urses, "Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax report of 12 cases and review of the literature," Acta ChirurgicaBelgica, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 572–576, 2004.
[2]. Yamada S, Yoshino K, Inoue H. Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax with pleural window communicating with bilateral pleural spaces. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85: 1434-6.
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Abstract: Skeletal malocclusions are one of the common problem encountered in today's orthodontics. Treatment of such skeletal deformities requires combination of orthodontic and surgical treatment. The treatment does not change only the bony relations of the facial structures, but soft tissues as well, and by doing so, may alter the patient's appearance. However, longer treatment times and transitional detriment to the facial profile has led to a new approach called "surgery-first," which eliminates the presurgical orthodontic phase. After the jaws are repositioned, the orthodontist is then able to properly finish the bite into the best possible relationship. Surgery may also be helpful as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment to enhance the long term results of orthodontic treatment, and to shorten the overall time necessary to complete treatment.

Keywords-Orthognathic surgery; Dentofacial deformity;Surgery First Approach

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Abstract: There are many methods for closing the perforated peptic ulcer. The technique of closure of perforation by figure of 8 stitch method has been found to be very effective in managing patients with this common problem. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The present study was conducted in Unit III of Department of General Surgery, Government Rajaji hospital,Madurai from January 2017 to September 2017 on the cases of peptic ulcer perforation peritonitis RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. Out of these, 34 patients 68%were males and 16 patients32% were females. Figure of eight is done for 34 patients of which male 25 females. Post operative leak was found only in one case of Figure of eight and 6 cases of omental patch developed leak, and the mortality was not found in cases which underwent Figure of eight repair, where one mortality was there in omental group.

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Abstract: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is the most common cause of rhinitis. It is caused by environmental allergies and is characterized by an itching or running of nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Rupatadine is a novel drug which exhibits both anti-histaminic and anti- PAF effects through its interaction with specific receptors. Rupatadine is a once daily, selective, non-sedative has a good safety profile and tolerability at the doseof 10mg/day and is devoid of arrythmogenic effects. Levocetirizine is a selective non-sedative H1 receptor antagonist which causes QT interval prolongation leading to cardiac arrhythmias. Montelukast is an orally active, highly selective leukotriene...........

Keywords- Levocetirizine, Montelukast, Rupatadine, Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).

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[5]. Skoner DP. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol2001;108:S2-8.

Abstract: Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) secondary related to maxillofacial infection is a rare clinical squeale.The CST is a rare disease which is reported to how high rate of morbidity and mortality.Cavernous sinus thrombosis not only presents with symptoms of infections which includes fever, pain and swelling but also with specific findings such as proptosis, chemosis, periorbital swelling, and cranial nerve palsies. The prompt diagnosis and timelytreatment of CST is very important for successful outcome. The infectionin maxillofacial region shouldbe given due attention, as to prevent CST. In this case report, we highlighted the role of Odontogenic abscess leads to CST, facial palsy, and loss of vision. The Odontogenic infection should never be neglectedas in rare instances it may cause serious intracranial complication like CST..

Keywords- Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Cavernous sinus, Sepsis, Dental focal infection.

[1]. Alves N, Deana NF. Int J ClinExp Med 2016; 9(3):5301-5307. Available from: http://www.ijcem.com/files/ijcem0018632.pdf (Accessed on March 2, 2018).
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[3]. Verma R, Junewar V, Singh RK, Ram H, Pal US. Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis and facial palsy as complications of dental abscess. Natl J MaxillofacSurg 2013;4:252-255. Available from: https://www.njms.in, accessed on March 12, 2017).doi:10.4103/0975-5950.127664.
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[5]. Aggrawal K, Rastogi S, Joshi A, Kumar A, Chaurasia A, Prakash R, et al. Cavernous sinus thrombosis following dental extraction: a rare case report and forgotten entity. J Korean Assoc Oral MaxillofacSurg 2017; 43(5). Available from: http://www.jkaoms.org/journal/view.html?volume=43&number=5&page=351, (accessed on April 2, 2018)...

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females all around the world.. It is of utmost importance that all positive cases are diagnosed at the earliest to decrease its morbidity and mortality. Different techniques including mammography/sonomammography, fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy are used to diagnose breast cancers. With an early diagnosis the management can be early and hence effective. Objectives:1.To evaluate the role of cytology and radiology in evaluating patient with breast mass. 2.Cytological, Radiological and Histopathological correlation in diagnosis of suspected breast cancer cases. 3.To compare efficacyof individual diagnostic modality- cytology, histopathologyand radiology. Material and Methods:Thestudy was conducted in 100 patientssuspected of breast cancer. In each patient clinical presentation, cytology findings, radiology findings and biopsy findings were compared with the final diagnosis of histopathology of received mastectomy specimen or lumpectomy. Physical and clinical examination of lesion was performed in all cases...

Keywords- Breast cancer, FNAC, Biopsy, mammography and sonomammography.

[1]. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures 2016. Atlanta, Ga Available as : http://www.cancer.org.acsps>047079.pdf
[2]. Lester SC. The Breast. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, editors. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2004. p.1129.
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Abstract: Background: Carcinoma of cervix is the most common malignancy of women at our center and the majority of cases present locally advanced stages. The ability of radiotherapy alone to cure the advanced disease is limited. Therefore, need arises to increase the radiosensitivity of primary tumors. We performed this study to investigate efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine concurrently used with radiation. Methods: 113 cervical cancer patients were enrolled in this study and 80 eligible patients were randomized into trial-arm and control-arm. In trial-arm patients received weekly gemcitabine at dose 200mg/m2 along with radiation and control-arm patients received.............

Keywords-Locally advanced cervical carcinoma, Gemcitabine, Chemoradiation, Radiotherapy..

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION:Hookah smoking is an olden yet more recently made popular way of tobacco consumption carrying the same effects as cigarette smoking, well-known cause of cancer. OBJECTIVES: Knowledge on the effects of hookah smoking is important to help reduce its practice, thus preventing diseases. METHODS:This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in randomly selected hookah bars. One hundred and eighty individuals who smoke hookah were interviewed on their knowledge, attitude and perception on the effects of Hookah using a questionnaire, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: The study found.........

Keywords- Tobacco, Nicotine, Systemic health/disease, stress, risk factor(s), oral systemic disease(s).

[1]. Aljarrah, K, Ababneh ZQ, Al-Delaimy WK. 2009. Perceptions of hookah smoking harmfulness: Predictors and characteristics among current hookah users. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 5(1):16.
[2]. Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV. 2012. Shisha smoking and associated factors among medical students in Malaysia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 13(11):5627–5632.
[3]. Amin TT, Amr MAM, Zaza BO, Suleman W. 2010. Harm perception, attitudes and predictors of waterpipe (shisha) smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 11(2):293–301.

[4]. Aslam H, Saleem S, German S, Qureshi W. Harmful effects of shisha. 2014. Literature review. International Archives of Medicine. 7(1):16.
[5]. Bali E, Chinmaya BR, Chand S, Tandon S, Prasad S, Sahu D, Handa S. 2015. An emerging trend: Hookah smoking among youth smokers in Gurgaon, Haryana. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 13:244-249..