iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract: Background Of The Study: To evaluate the adverse effect(s) of varying concentrations of Chromolaena odorata extract on Bilirubin level and Histology of liver in Albino rats. Materials and Methods: The design of the study was a prospective cohort study. The place and duration was at Ikot Offiong Ambai, in Akpabuyo Local Government Area and Department of Botany, University of Calabar, between April 2016 and May 2017. We enrolled 20 albino rats with average weight of 54.0 g into four groups of five rats each. The test groups (1, 2 and 3) were orally given 100, 150, &250 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata respectively. The control group (4) was orally given distilled water. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The rats were sacrificed using chloroform. The liver tissues were harvested and fixed using 10 % neutral buffered formalin for histology..........

Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, hepatotoxicity, bilirubin, liver, albino Wister rats.

[1]. Pandith H, Zhang X, Liggett J, Min K, Wandee G, Seung JB. "Hemostatic and wound healing properties of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract. Dermatology. 2013;8.
[2]. Okpashi VE, Bayim PR, Obi-Abang M. "Antimicrobial effect of independence leaves (Chromolaena odorata) extracts. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research. 2014;5(5):949.
[3]. Okon PB, Amalu, UC. Using weed to fight weed. Leisa Magazine. 2003;1. Available: http://www.metafro.be/leisa/2003/194-21.pdf.
[4]. Anushika S, Wannee J.Wound healing property review of Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata. Pharmacogn Review.2017:11(21):35-38.
[5]. College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam. Chromolaena odorata. Extension and Research. 2015. Assessed 6th May 2018.Available:http://cnas-re.uog.edu/guam-weeds/chromolaena-odorata/..

Abstract: Background: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)may be performed during the same session as diagnostic catheterization (Ad hoc PCI)or at a late session (delay or staged PCI).In spite of "Ad hoc PCI is commonly performed all over the world Still A few studies have examined predictors and outcomes of this procedure Objective: Todefine factors which limit the use of "Ad hoc strategy and to assess the safety and outcome in compare with "Staged strategy Patient and Methods: All patients who underwent PCI at Al-Nasiriyah Heart Center in 2016- were reviewed in cross-sectional study .PCI is performed at the same day as diagnostic catheterization were consider as"Ad hoc; the others consider as "staged PCI .Early complications including (procedural success, occurrence of death and new non-fatal MI )were observed........

Keywords : coronary artery diseases ,Ad hoc PCI, short term outcome.

[1]. Myler RK, Stertzer SH, Clark DA, Shaw RE, Fishman-Rosen J, Murphy MC. Coronary angioplasty at the time of initial cardiac catheterization: ―ad hoc‖ angioplasty possibilities and challenges. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1986;12(4):213-214 [2]. Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, MD, MPH; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM.Putting Ad Hoc PCI on Pause .JAMA. 2010;304(18):2059-2060. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1509.
[3]. Redberg RF. Informed strategies for treating coronary disease. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172:321.
[4]. Blankenship JC, Klein LW, Laskey WK, et al. SCAI statement on adhoc versus the separate performance of diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2000;49: 130–4.
[5]. Krone RJ, Shaw RE, Klein LW, Blankenship JC, Weintraub WS; American College of Cardiology. Ad hoc percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable coronary artery disease—a study of prevalence, safety, and variation in use from the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR). Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006;68:696–703..

Abstract: AIM: To study the clinical and etiological profile of 130 consecutive patients with acute symptomatic seizures following stroke presenting to a tertiary care centre in south India. BACKGROUND: Post stroke seizures are defined as those at the beginning of or after stroke in a patient without prior onset of seizures. They are classified as acute symptomatic seizures(ASS) and Unprovoked seizures(US) depending on the time of occurrence with respect to the onset of stroke.The ILAE defines ASS if they occur within 7 days of stroke and US if seizures manifest after 1 week.Semiology could be focal seizures,focal with secondary generalization and generalized tonic clonic seizures. MATERIALS AND METHODS:130 consecutive patients with acute symptomatic seizures admitted in the Department of Neurology, Madras Medical College were included in the study after obtaining informed consent.After enrolment into the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a pre designed........

Keywords: Acute symptomatic seizures, epileptogenesis, Post Stroke Seizures, Unprovoked seizures.

[1]. Dhanuka AK, Misra UK, Kalita J. Seizures after stroke: a prospective clinical study.(2001)
[2]. Holtkamp M, Beghi E, Benninger F, Kälviäinen R, Rocamora R, Christensen H, European Stroke Organisation. European Stroke Organisation guidelines for the management of post-stroke seizures and epilepsy.European Stroke Journal. 2017 Jun;2(2):103-15.
[3]. Berger AR, Lipton RB, Lesser ML, Lantos G, Portenoy RK. Early seizures following intracerebralhemorrhage Implications for therapy. Neurology. 1988 Sep 1;38(9):1363-.
[4]. Richardson EP, Dodge PR. Epilepsy in cerebral vascular disease. Epilepsia. 1954 Nov 1;3(1):49-74.
[5]. Bladin CF, Alexandrow AW, Bellavance A. Seizures after stroke: A prospective multicenter study. Arch Neurol2000;57:1617-22

Abstract: A study was performed to re-evaluate Leon Williams theory and concept of visagism among the undergraduate dental students in our institution. 100 dental students comprising of 50 males and 50 females age group 18-30 years were selected randomly for the study. Two photographs were taken for each student (facial and intraoral photograph) later the dominant temperament of each student was determined using a self-reporting questionnaire which reveals their outlook towards life and hence their personality thus validity of visagism theory was assessed. On the other hand, outline of photograph was traced using adobe photoshop CS5 and Leon Williams typal theory was assessed for its validity. Statistical analysis showed that both theories were relevant for selection of tooth form. But the concept of visagism was proved more appropriate for selection of tooth form compared to Leon Williams typal theory........

Keywords: Facial outline, Leon Williams theory, Tooth form, Visagism

[1]. Sharma A, Luthra R, Kaur P. A photographic study on Visagism. Indian J Oral Sci 2015; 6: 122‑7.
[2]. Harshakumar K, Kala S, Lylajam S. A Study on the Facial Outline Form as Related to the Shape of the Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth at a Teritiary Dental Health Care Centre. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2017;16: 34-37
[3]. Sudhakar N, Vishwanath A. Smile esthetics – A literature review. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2014; 13: 32‑6.
[4]. Arora H, Hegde C, Sharma D, Bhat BS, Memon S, Mittal N. An invivo study to evaluate the correlation between facial form, tooth form and arch form in dentulous subjects. Int J preventive and clinical dental research 2016; 3: 85-91
[5]. Beder OE. Esthetics – an enigma. J Prosthet Dent 1971; 25, 588-591.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, gender balance, age of onset and localization of RHL in Southeast Anatolia. In addition, the rate of recurrence of RHL, which has not been well-studied in the literature was also investigated in the present study. 180 histopathologically diagnosed RHL cases were examined retrospectively. The incidence and localization of lesions, their recurrence rates, as well as the age and gender of the patients were analyzed statistically. The ratio of male to female patients was 1:1.95. Lesions were mostly found in the gingiva(94.5%). The highest incidences of lesions were observed in the pyogenic granuloma(25.6%); peripheral giant cell granuloma(18.9%); inflammatory papillary hyperplasia(16.7%); fibroepithelial polyp(13.9%); peripheral ossifying fibroma(12.2%); irritation fibroma(6.7%); papilloma(4.4%)..........

Keywords- Histopathology; Reactive hyperplastic lesions; Recurrence.

[1]. J.A. Regezi, J.J. Sciubba, and R.C.K. Jordan,Oral Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Correlations,(5th ed. China: Saunders; 2008) 156–160.
[2]. B.W. Neville, D.D. Damm, C.M. Allen, and J.E. Bouquot,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology,3rd Ed. China: Saunders; 2009. pp. 510–523.
[3]. M.R. Zarei, G. Chamani, andS. Amanpoor, Reactivehyperplasia of the oral cavity in Kerman province, Iran: A review of 172 cases,British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,45(4), 2007,288‑292.
[4]. S.B. Whitaker, J.E. Bouquot, A.E. Alimario, and T.J. Whitaker Jr, Identificationandsemiquantification of estrogenandprogesteronereceptors in pyogenicgranulomas of pregnancy,Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology,78(6), 1994,755–760.
[5]. M.A. HashemiPour, M. Rad, and A. Mojtahedi, A survey of softtissuetumor‑likelesions of oral cavity: A clinicopathologicalstudy,Iranian Journal of Pathology,3(2), 2008,81‑87..

Abstract: Sepsis has been known since 2000 years ago and until now is one of the oldest and hardest problems in medical practice. Along with advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of sepsis, there are many developments in diagnosis and therapy. Acupuncture is one of the modalities of medical therapy that can regulate the immune system, with minimal side effects. The purpose of this review is to gather evidence that acupuncture may hold promise for treating inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. From various studies indicates that acupuncture can regulate inflammatory mediators, to reduce TNF- α, IL-1, IL-6 and increse anti-inflamamtory mediator IL-10 Through these mechanisms, acupuncture is expected to play a role in the treatment of sepsis..

Key words; acupuncture, inflammatory, sepsis.

[1]. Martin GS. Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012 Jun;10(6):701-6.
[2]. Levy MM. Introduction. In : Daniels R, Nutbeam T, eds. ABC of sepsis. Singapore : Wiley-Blackwell. 2010:1-4.
[3]. Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J. Pinsky MR. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States : analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001
[4]. Chen K, Widodo D. Patofisiologi sepsis : peran mediator inflamasi. Dalam : Widodo D, Pohan HT, eds. Bunga rampai penyakit infeksi. Jakarta. Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI. 2004:54-62.
[5]. Ventetuolo CE, Levy MM. Sepsis : a clinical update. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3:571-577.

Abstract: Maxillofacial prosthesis include all the artificial prosthesis that restore missing parts of the face which might be either due to trauma, congenital defects or surgically removed, the reason for it being either a malignant or benign neoplasia or trauma. The rehabilitation of facial defects is a complex task requiring a specific design of the techniques to be used in an individual patient. The disfigurement associated with the loss of eye can cause significant physical and emotional problems. Maxillofacial prosthesis which restore and replace stomatognathic and associated facial structures with artificial substitutes, aims to improve the patient's aesthetics, restore and maintain health of the remaining structures and consequently provide physical and mental well- being. Treatment of such cases includes implant and acrylic eye prosthesis. A custom made ocular prosthesis is a good alternative. The present article describes the prosthetic management of a custom made ocular acrylic prosthesis, which has acceptable fit, retention and aesthetics.

Key words; Custom- made ocular prosthesis, Maxillofacial prosthesis, scleral shell prosthesis..

[1]. Peyman GA, Sanders DR, Goldbeirg MF. Principles and practice of ophthalmology. New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 1987;3(2). p. 2334

[2]. V. A. Chalian, R. W Phillips. Maxillofacial prosthetic material. J Biomed Mat. Sep 2004; 8(4):349-363.

[3]. V. A. Chalian, J. B Drane. Maxillofacial Prosthetics – multidisciplinary practice. The William and Wilkins. Co 1972.

[4]. J.W Stansbury, J.M Antonucci. Dental Materials. 1999; 15: 166-173.

[5]. Mark S. Chambers, James C. Lemon, Jack W. Martin. Anterior key method for indexing orbital prosthesis. J Prosthet Dent. 2002; 87: 102-5..

Abstract: This study aimed to automatic scoring of performance test in conventional diagnostic x-rays where its done in alkuity hospital and Dar alelag specialized hospital, to measure the resolution, contrast, noise and signal to noise ratio with different exposure factors, highlight the importance of the Quality Control (QC) methods in ensuring that a product complies with all the requirements and specifications laid out for it, enhance the X.ray image quality using different spatial and frequency domain filters and to optimize the exposure factors with patient body characteristics (gender, age, weight, height).patients sample was 100 their aged ranged from 18-70 years with chest X.ray. The study results in enhancement of image quality by increasing the resolution, contrast, signal to noise ratio with different exposure factors, and to optimize the exposure factors with patient body characteristics which lead to avoid image repeating for the patient and minimizing the cost for both patient and hospitals.

Key words; Automatic Scoring, Enhancement performance, chest, X-ray,

[1]. K. M. M. Rao, "Overview of image processing," in Proceedings of a workshop on image processing and pattern recognition, 2004, pp. 1–7.
[2]. H. Zhu, W. Sun, M. Wu, G. Guan, and Y. Guan, "Preprocessing of x-ray medical image based on improved temporal recursive self-adaptive filter," 2008 9th Int. Conf. Young Comput. Sci.,2008, pp. 758–763.
[3]. M. S. V Sokashe, "Computer assisted method for cervical vertebrae segmentation from x-ray images," Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng., vol. 2, no. 11, 2013, pp. 4387–4389.
[4]. N. Khayati, W. Lejouad-Chaari, and S. Sevestre-Ghalila, "A distributed image processing support system application to medical imaging," in Imaging Systems and Techniques, 2008. IST 2008. IEEE International Workshop on, 2008, pp. 261–264.
[5]. M. Aouache, A. Hussain, S. A. Samad, A. H. Hamzaini,and A. K. Ariffin, "Active shape modeling of medical images for vertebral fracture computer assisted assessment system," in Research and Development, 2007. SCOReD 2007. 5th Student Conference on, 2007, pp. 1–6..

Abstract: The study aimed to characterize the optic chiasm Measurements in abnormal MRI brain using coronal cuts Concerning the subjects ages and gender in Sudan, which could help in the early detection of some disorders. This study was done at Sudan University of science and Technology college of medical radiologic sciences - and Khartoum state hospitals, Khartoum Sudan, during the period from November2015to July 2018, Measurements of the height and width of the optic chiasm, made on coronal T2 weighted MR images with the use of commercially available region-of-interest software, were obtained in 33 subjects with abnormal MRI finding. A normal range and standard deviation were calculated; study variables included age, gender, symptoms, optic chiasm Measurements and MRI findings. The mean of width of the optic chiasm was 13.32mm, with a standard deviation of...........

Key words; Optic chiasm; abnormal MRI brain , Measurements.

[1]. Schaeffer JP. Some points in the regional anatomy of the optic pathway,with especial reference to tumors of the hypophysis cerebri and resulting ocular changes. Anat Rec 1924;28:243-279
[2]. Bergland RM, Ray BS, Torack RM. Anatomical variations in the pituitary gland and adjacent structures in 225 human autopsy cases. J Neurosurg 1968;28:93- 99
[3]. Rizzo J. Embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the afferent visual pathway. InClinical Neuro-Ophthalmology. Miller N, Newman N (eds). Lippincott Williams &Wilkin: Maryland, USA, 2005; 34–42.
[4]. Chen C, Huang F, Shao H, Jin J, Li Z, Zhang C. Sectional anatomy of the opticpathways on the coronal plane. J Chin Med Assoc 2009; 10: 515–520.
[5]. Doyle A. Optic chiasm position on MR images. Am J Neuroradiol 1990; 11:553–555.

Abstract: Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body1. In the presence of critical illness and catabolic stress, the body's glutamine consumption exceeds the normal supply and the gut mucosal cells, deprived of glutamine, cease to perform their barrier function and allow entry of luminal toxins and bacteria directly into the portal bloodstream.2 Supplementation with glutamine or glutamine-containing dipeptides improves nitrogen balance and maintains the intracellular glutamine pool3. Our aim is to study the role of glutamine supplementation in burn patients. This prospective observational study was conducted among burn patients who were admitted in the burn ward from August 2017 to March 2018. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. Patients receiving glutamine supplementation had overall better survival and showed significantly (<0.05) less morbidity and mortality.............

[1]. Young V, Ajami A. Glutamine: the emperor or his clothes? J Nutr 2001;131(suppl): 2449-59S
[2]. Ziegler T, Bazargan N, Leader L, et al. Glutamine and the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2000;3: 355-62
[3]. Matthews D, Battwzzati A, Furst P. Alanylglutamine kinetics in humans. Clin Nutr 1993;12: 57
[4]. Rousseau Anne-Françoise, Losser Marie-Reine, Ichai Carole, Berger Mette M., ESPEN endorsed recommendations: Nutritional therapy in major Burns, Clinical Nutrition 32 (2013) 497-502

[5]. Alexander JW. Immunoenhancement via enteral nutrition. Arch Surg. 1993;128:12421245.

Abstract: Background: At birth, the spleen in sickle cell anaemia patients (SCA) is normal in size and function. With increase in age, there are repeated vaso-occlusions, multiple infarctions and splenic fibrosis resulting in atrophy and autosplenectomy. Early monitoring and detection are enhanced by ultrasonography of the spleen because the spleen responds to different pathologic states such as fever and SCA by dimensional and parenchymal changes. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of autosplenectomy by abdominal ultrasonography in SCA patients in Calabar, Nigeria. Methods: A prospective..........

Key words; Autosplenectomy, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Ultrasonography.

[1]. Rees David C, Williams Thomas N, Gladwi Mark T. Sickle-cell disease. Lancet 2010; 376:2018-31.
[2]. Sickle cell anaemia. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sickle-cell-anaemia/DS00324.
[3]. Akodu SO, Diaku-Akinwumi IN, Njokanma OF. Age at diagnosis of sickle cell anaemia in Lagos, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Haematology and Infectious Diseases. 2013;5(1).
[4]. Hoffbrand AV, Pettit JE. Genetic defects of haemoglobin. In: Essential Haematology, 3rd edition London Blackwell scientific publications 1993: 94-120.
[5]. de Montalembert M. Management of sickle cell disease British Medical Journal. 2008;337: a1397. [PubMed]

Abstract: To establish any business in India, getting the required mandatory licences and permissions is considered the toughest work. And these are more important and stringent in the health sector as it deals with the life and death of patients. These days, most of the hospitals employ Hospital Consultants or Hospital Administrators to get this work done. But in the Indian system which is famous for its Red Tape Bureaucracy, it is important for the hospital management to know all the applicable acts and rules pertaining to hospitals and the process for getting the same. There are also many approvals which need to be obtained from the local civic body which are mandatory for any commercial establishment. This article studies the various acts, licences and approvals that are required to establish an inpatient healthcare center in Hyderabad, Telangana..

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