iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract: Introduction: ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood grouping and typing are the two main pillars of foundation for appropriate functioning and safe blood banking. The blood groups carry genetic information. Among twenty discovered blood group systems ABO and Rh remain as the most important ones clinically. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried with 43839 blood donors' records. The blood group was determined by forward grouping (cell grouping) and reverse (serum grouping) grouping methods. Gene / allelic frequencies of the variables were calculated. Results: Total number of blood units.........

Keywords: ABO & Rh blood group, allele, blood, donor, gene

[1]. Hemalatha R, Bhagya V. Frequency and Distribution of Blood Groups Among Medical Students in Davanagere. J Pub Health Med Res 2015;3:1-4.
[2]. Chandrika R, Jayaprakash S. Frequency of ABO and rhesus (D) blood groups in Dakshina kannada district of Karnataka-a study from rural tertiary care teaching Hospital in south India. Nitte University
[3]. Journal of Health Science. 2014;3:57-60.
[4]. Deshpande R.H., Wadde S.K. Distribution of Blood Groups in Blood Donors in Blood Banks of Latur. Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2013;1(4):276-9
[5]. Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia, Puja Sharma, Vivek Vikram Bharosey, Amit Haritwal, Shweeta Rana,G.K. Sawke, Shalaka Avasare, Nilima Sawke. A study of distribution of ABO and Rh Blood groups system among blood donors at a tertiary care hospital. J of Evolution of Med and Dent Sci. 2015;4(18):3138-42..

Abstract: Background: Cluster determinant 36 (CD36) is a fatty acid translocase which is expressed in variety of cells. Increased expression of CD36 is observed in liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Non-cell bound CD36 was identified in human plasma and was termed soluble CD36(sCD36) and its level parallels with the increased expression of CD36 observed in various cell types. In diabetes mellitus (DM) the cellular uptake of fatty acids is increased and is associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Various studies showed elevated sCD36 its association with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to determine the association of sCD36 with type II DM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, and participants were classified as healthy controls and T2DM patients. We estimated FPG, HbA1c, and lipids in them. A quantitative ELISA was used to assess sCD36 levels......

Keywords: sCD36, Type II Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Lipids.

[1]. Lawler PR, Lawler J. Molecular basis for the regulation of angiogenesis by thrombospondin-1 and -2. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012;2:a006627.

[2]. Silverstein RL, Li W, Park YM, Rahaman SO. Mechanisms of cell signaling by the scavenger receptor CD36: implications in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2010;121:206–20.

[3]. Febbraio M, Hajjar DP, Silverstein RL. CD36: a class B scavenger receptor involved in angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:785-91. 12

[4]. Collot-Teixeira S, Martin J, McDermott-Roe C, Poston R, McGregor JL. CD36 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2007;75:468-77.

[5]. Handberg A, Levin K, Hojlund K, Beck-Nielsen H. Identification of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein scavenger receptor CD36 in plasma: a novel marker of insulin resistance. Circulation 2006;114:1169-76..

Abstract: Prospective study of the ability of laboratory tests and liver imaging tests to detect hepatic diagnosis was performed.100 patients with evidence of abnormal liver function (LFT) test were tested for correlation between the laboratory tests and CT imaging results. The study was conducted at Antalia Hospital during the period extended from 2014-2017. Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), Aspartate amino transferase(AST), Alanine amino transferase(ALT), Albumin, Globulin, Total protein, and prothrombin time have been evaluated and were clearly correlated with the CT imaging results. Cholangiocarcinoma was correlated significantly with AST values at p= 0.038. Hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC) was correlated significantly with total bilirubin and with direct bilirubin at p=0.000 .liver metastases increased albumin level and..........

Key words: liver function test, HCC, CT scan , Liver enzymes.

[1]. Peter McNally, DO ,2011 Abnormal LFT's – The Work-up Using Key Concepts and Case Studies,47th Annual Internal Medicine Conference, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine,Estes Park, Colorado

[2]. Black ER. Diagnostic strategies and test algorithms in liver disease. Clin Chem. 1997; 43:1555-1560

[3]. S. Saadeh, Z. M. Younossi, E. M. Remer et al., "The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,"Gastroenterology, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 745–750, 2002.

[4]. J. A. Marrero, R. J. Fontana, G. L. Su, H. S. Conjeevaram,D. M. Emick, and A. S. Lok, "NAFLD may be a common underlying liver disease in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States," Hepatology, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1349–1354, 2002.
[5]. Saini S. Imaging of the hepatobiliary tract. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:1889-1894.

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is associated with liver damage possibly due to production of free radicals, which can be alleviated by antioxidants. The relationship of hepatic function, lipid peroxidation marker and antioxidant micronutrients in S.haematobium infected and non-infected individuals were investigated. 70 subjects positive for urinary schistosomiasis, 50 negative exposed and 30 negative unexposed were studied. Venous blood was collected into heparinized bottles and plasma separated. Antioxidant trace elements,vitamin E, beta-carotene and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed by standard laboratory procedures while liver enzymes activity and bilirubin were estimated using kit. All S.haematobium positive subjects were treated with oral administration of praziquantel (40mg/kg), of which 30 subjects were followed up. Plasma selenium, manganese, vitamin E and beta-carotene were significantly increased in unexposed than in positive and negative groups (p<0.05)................

Key words: antioxidant micronutrients, S. haematobium, liver function, malondialdehyde

[1]. Nkegbe E. Sex Prevalence of Schistosomiasis among School Children in Five Communities in the Lower River Volta Basin of South Eastern Ghana. AfrJ Biomed Res. 2010; 13(1):
[2]. Ansong D, Alder SC, Crookston BT, Beck C, Gyampomah T. Role of diagnostic testing in schistosomiasis control programs in rural Ghana. J BacteriolParasitol. 2011; 2: 115-115.
[3]. Ning A, Wu X, Li H, Llang J, Gao Z, Shen J et al. abnormal liver function in different patients with Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res. 2015; 114(1):85-90.
[4]. Bica I, Hamer DH, Stadecker MJ. Hepatic Schistosomiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2000; 14(3): 583-604.

[5]. Saleh MA. Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet. Parasitol. 2008; 154:262-269.

Abstract: Gastric Carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer related death. Most of the patients present in an advanced stage. Though there are few prognostic factors, till date there is no predictive factor except HER2. Treatment of Gastric Cancer with systemic therapy has showed a survival of only 11 months. HER2 Overexpression if analysed in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and if treated with HER2 antibodies an overall survival benefit is seen. We analysed the expression of HER2 in gastric carcinoma patients and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics.

[1]. Garcia M, Jemal A, Ward EM, et al. Global cancer facts and figures 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2007.
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[3]. V Rao DN, Ganseh B, Estimate of cancer incidence in India in1991.Indian J Caner 1998:35 ;10-8
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[5]. D'Angelica M, Gonen M, Brennan MF, et al. Patterns of initial recurrence in completely resected gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg 2004;2

Abstract: Abstract: Tuberculosis is a major health burden in developing countries like India. India accounts for one-fourth of world's TB burden. Annual incidence rate of TB in India is around 2 million and around 300,000 deaths occur due to TB every year. ATT induced hepatitis results in discontinuation of therapy, thereby promoting Mycobacterial resistance. It occasionally is even fatal. When hepatitis due to ATT develops, liver-friendly ATT regimen has to be initiated. But many patients are continued on the modified regimen persistently, even after hepatitis subsides. Here, physicians need to be aware that majority of patients tolerate all the first line drugs on reintroduction. In this context, we undertook a research on establishing the incidence, risk factors for ATT induced hepatitis in............

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[3]. Sharma SK, Balamurugan A, Saha PK, Pandey RM, Mehra NK. Evaluation of clinical and immunogenetic risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during antituberculosis treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:916-9.
[4]. Col AC Anand,VSM, Lt Col AK Seth, Lt Col M Paul, Lt Col P Puri. Risk Factors of Hepatotoxicity During Anti-tuberculosis Treatment. MJAFI .2006; 62 : 45-49.

[5]. Pande JN, Singh SPN, Khilnani GC, Khilnani S, Tandon RK. Risk factors for hepatotoxicity from antituberculosis drugs: a case-control study. Thorax. 1996;51:132-6..

Abstract: Limb body wall complex, also known as body stalk anomaly, is characterized by a combination of developmental abnormalities involving neural tube, body wall and limbs. Most of them are diagnosed by ultrasonography in the prenatal period and are not continued till birth. Usually it has a normal karyotype but body stalk anomaly may also be associated with trisomy 16[1]. The chance of recurrence is very low in subsequent pregnancies. There is no correlation with parents' age or fetal gender..

Key Words: Ultrasound, Gastroschisis, limb body wall complex, abdominal defects.

[1]. Y. Chan, N. Silverman, L. Jackson, R. Wapner, and R. Wallerstein, "Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 16 and body stalk anomaly," American Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 94, pp. 284–286, 2000.

[2]. Mann L, Ferguson-Smith MA, Desai K, Gibson AA, Raine PA. Prenatal Assessment of anterior abdominal wall defects and their prognosis. Prenat Diagn. 1984;4:427–35. [PubMed]

[3]. Forrester MB, Merz RD. Epidemiology of abdominal wall defects, Hawaii, 1986-1997. Teratology. 1999;60:117–23. [PubMed]

[4]. R. Torpin, "Amniochorionic mesoblastic fibrous strings and amnionic bands. Associated constricting fetal malformations or fetal death," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 65–75, 1965. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar ·View at Scopus

[5]. M. C. Higginbottom, K. L. Jones, B. D. Hall, and D. W. Smith, "The amniotic band disruption complex: timing of amniotic rupture and variable spectra of consequent defects," The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 544–549, 1979. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

Abstract: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen during pregnancy in south Indian population. The study was conducted at Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada during July 2016 to Jan 2018 • Including 21670 ante natal women. All of were screened for HBsAg . Of the total antenatal women 246 were found to be positive for HBsAg. Hepatitis B infection is highly infectious, associated with maternal complications with transmission to the child. It is mandatory that all the pregnant women should be screened for HbsAg and managed appropriately.

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Abstract: Background: Alcoholism is a major mental and public health problem in developing countries like India. Social factors play vital role in unfolding of alcohol use disorders in any given population. Several factors beyond the confines of treatment settings influence the treatment outcome in alcohol outcome in alcohol dependence. Aims: 1. To study various psychosocial factors contributing relapse in alcohol dependence subjects. 2. To compare those factors in contributing early relapse. 3. To study various factors influencing delay in treatment seeking among relapsed patients. 4.To compare those factors among early and late treatment seekers. Materials and methods: 100 alcohol dependent subjects were taken with relapse in drinking after de-addiction treatment during a period............

[1]. Girish N, Kavita R, Gururaj G, Benegal V. Alcohol use and implications for public health: patterns of use in four communities. Indian J Community Med. 2010 Apr;35(2):238-44. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.66875..
[2]. Minicuci N, Naidoo N, Chatterji S, Kowal P. Data Resource Profile:Cross-national and cross-study sociodemographic and health-related harmonized domains from SAGE plus ELSA, HRS and SHARE (SAGE+, Wave 1). Int J Epidemiol. 2016 Oct;45(5):1403-1403j.
[3]. Dhawan A, Rao R, Ambekar A, Pusp A, Ray R. Treatment of substance use disorders through the government health facilities: Developments in the "Drug De-addiction Programme" of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017 Jul-Sep;59(3):380-384. doi:10.4103.
[4]. Esser MB, Gururaj G, Rao GN, Jayarajan D, Sethu L, Murthy P, Jernigan DH, Benegal V; Collaborators Group on Epidemiological Study of Patterns and Consequences of Alcohol Misuse in India. Harms from alcohol consumption by strangers in five Indian states and policy implications. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2017 Sep;36(5):682-690. doi: 10.1111/dar.12470.
[5]. Nijhawan S, Katiyar P, Nagaich N, Saradava V, Nijhawan M, Gupta G, Mathur A, Sharma R, Nepalia S. Prevalence of associated disorders in Indian patients with celiac disease. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;32(5):330-4. doi:10.1007/s12664-013-0345-y..

Abstract: Panoramic radiographs are the mostly used for screening of teeth and maxillofacial bones for detecting diseases and abnormality as well as their extension and localization in relation to adjacent structures. This retrospective study is designed to scan all patients' digital panoramic images from 2014- 2016 at BatterjeeMedical College (BMC) dental clinics. Total of 3000 panoramic radiographs of adults and 207 panoramic radiographs of children were selected for evaluation. The purpose of this general overview was to evaluate abnormalities, prevalence of dental and maxillofacial diseases in Jeddah population. This step maybe helpful for future treatment plan and follow up. The most common prevalence of dental disease was dental caries (adults = 60.87% and children = 77.52%) while traumatic injury showed prevalence 0f 11.3%. Mostcommon dental anomaly observed was dilacerated root while 6 cases of Dens in dente were recorded..

Keywords: Panoramic radiograph, dental anomalies, prevalence, dental caries

[1]. Jadu, FM, Jan AM. Incidental findings on panoramic radiographs for pre-extraction assessment of third molars. Asian Journal of Science and Technology 2015; Vol. 6(6), 1539-1543
[2]. Bekiroglu N, Mete S, Ozbay G, Yalcinkaya S, Kargul B. Evaluation of panoramic radiographs taken from 1,056 Turkish children. Niger J Clin Pract 2015; 18:8-12.
[3]. Perschbacher S. Interpretation of panoramic radiographs. Australian Dental Journal 2012; 57 :( 1 Suppl): 40–45
[4]. El-Khateeb SM, Arnout EA, Hifnawy T. Radiographic assessment of impacted teeth and associated pathosis prevalence- Pattern of occurrence at different ages in Saudi male in Western Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2015; Vol. 36 (8): 973-979
[5]. Jose M, Varghese J. Panoramic radiograph a valuable diagnostic tool in dental practice-Report of three cases. International Journal of Dental Clinics 2011; 3: 47-49..

Abstract: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) represents a spectrum of anatomic abnormalities that can result in permanent disability. Ultrasonography(US) technique allows evaluation of different anatomical structures and their pathological changes, in the bony profile of the joint surfaces, ischial tuberosity, and greater trochanter .The objective of this study is to characterize the DDH in Saudi infants using US .The study was conducted during the period extended from 2011 up to 2017. The hips of 536 newborn infants were examined by US using routines screening program for DDH at age 0days up to 4 months. The sample including 145(27.1%) females and 391(72.9%) males. All infants were examined clinically and underwent US of the hip.US was performed with a 7.5-3.5 ,5 MHZ, but most examination were performed with 3MHZ linear transducer (Toshiba, Philips 2010, volusum4000, Son layer SSA-270A, Japan)using Graf method. The most common affected age were...........

Key word: Graf Method, Hip dislocation, DDH

[1]. Patel H, Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health C. Preventive health care, 2001 update: screening and management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2001;164(12):1669-1677.
[2]. American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4 Pt 1):896-905

[3]. Bialik V, Bialik GM, Blazer S, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: a new approach to incidence. Pediatrics. 1999;103(1):93-99.
[4]. Omeroglu H, Koparal S. The role of clinical examination and risk factors in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a prospective study in 188 referred young infants. Archives of Orthopaedic & Trauma Surgery. 2001;121(1-2):7-11.
[5]. Yiv BC, Saidin R, Cundy PJ, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip in South Australia in 1991: prevalence and risk factors. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 1997;33(2):151-156...

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the hip joint for infants who were clinically diagnosed to have Developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) focusing mostly on the Graf's method using ultrasonography, by measuring the α and β angles and correlate the results with the anatomical findings related the hip. Between December 2011- December 2014 the hips of 536 newborn infants were examined by ultrasound by routines screening program for DDH at age 0day up to 4 months. Sample including 145(27.1%) females and 391(72.9%) males .Participant's age were <30 days were 506(94.4%),31-60 days were 9(1.7%),61-90 days were 11(2.1%) ,and ages between 91-120 days were 10(1.9%).All infants were examined clinically and underwent Ultrasonography of the hip............

Keywords – Graf, Hip joint, DDH

[1]. Bjerkreim I, Hagen O, Ikonomou N, Kase T, Kristiansen T, Arseth P. Late diagnosis of developmental dislocation of the hip in Norway during the years 1980–1989. J Pediatr Orthop B. 1993;2:112–114
[2]. Dezateux C, Godward C. Evaluating the national screening programme for congenital dislocation of the hip. J Med Screen. 1995;2:200–206
[3]. Krikler S, Dwyer N. Comparison of results of two approaches to hip screening in infants. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74:701–703
[4]. Macnicol M. Results of a 25-year screening programme for neonatal hip instability. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990;72:1057–1060
[5]. Marks DS, Clegg J, Al-Chalabi AN. Routine ultrasound screening for neonatal hip instability: can it abolish late-presenting congenital dislocation of the hip? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76:534–538..

Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the effect of addingNano eggshell powder to a chemically-cured calcium hydroxide dental cement on its bioactivity, calcium ion release and pH. Materials and Methods: The Nano eggshell(NES)-modified calcium hydroxide cement was prepared by adding10 wt. %Nano eggshell powder to the base part of chemically-cured Dycal (control). Discs; 8.0± 0.1 mm in diameter and 1.6 ± 0.1 mm in thickness, werepreparedin PVC moldsbymixing equal volumes of the unmodified/ modified base to the catalyst. Calcium ion release and pH (n=12/group for each test) were measured in deionized water usinginductively coupled plasma (ICP) and pH meter respectively at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after incubation at 37oCand 99% relative humidity...........

Key words: Bioactivity,Apatite,Calcium hydroxide, Nano, Eggshell.

[1]. Qureshi A, Soujanya E, Nandakumar, Pratapkumar, Sambashivarao. Recent advances in pulp capping materials: an overview. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:316-321.
[2]. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Prati C. Chemical-physical properties of theraCal, a novel light-curable MTA-like material for pulp capping. Int Endod J. 2012;45:571-579.
[3]. Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Botero T, Bossù M, Riccitiello F, Prati C. Calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide materials for pulp capping: biointeractivity, porosity, solubility and bioactivity of current formulations. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13:43-60.
[4]. Gandolfi MG1, Taddei P, Tinti A, Prati C. Apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA. Int Endod J. 2010;43:917-929.
[5]. Yasaei M, Zamanian A, Moztarzadeh F, Ghaffari M, Mozafari M. Characteristics improvement of calcium hydroxide dental cement by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Part 1: formulation and microstructure. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2013;60:502-509.