iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2018

Abstract: The word ascites is derived from Greek work askos, which means bag or sack. Ascites is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Cirrhosis, peritoneal inflammation, malignancy poncreatitis, heart failure hepatic venous obstruction, nephritic syndrome & myxoedena are majority of diseases which represent by accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity. of which major causes of ascites in our country are tuberculosis, cirrhosis & renal causes. In about 5% cases two or more causes of ascites are present i.e., mixed ascites. Ascites may appear as an isolated finding in absence of any clinically evident underlying disease or may develop as a part of well recognized disease. 218 patients of ascites..........

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[5]. Balflour T.W. and Hard Castle J.D. : Use of laparoscopy in Surg. Diagnosis Practitioner 217:539-41,1976..

Abstract: 5FU and capecitabine based chemotherapeutic regimens form the mainstay of chemotherapeutic treatment in multiple gastrointestinal malignancies including Colorectal, Gastroesophageal junction and stomach, both in the adjuvant and metastatic settings.(1,2,3)5FU and Capecitabine based chemotherapy is also used in Head & Neck and Breast malignancies. 5 FU based chemotherapy is used as Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head & neck cancers.(4) Fluoropyrimidine treatment is associated with several serious adverse side effects including myelosuppression, cardiac toxicity, mucositis, hand-foot syndrome (HFS), and diarrhoea. Rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of 5-FU is Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) .(5)Point mutations in DPD gene can lead to varying functional forms of DPD enzyme. Homozygous or heterozygous mutations affecting DPD gene activity can lead to increased toxicity of 5-FU.(5,6,7)Patients with a complete or near-complete deficiencyof the enzyme may have severe toxicity following theadministration of standard doses of fluoropyrimidines, due to significantly increased and prolonged plasmalevels of 5-FU.(8,9) The DPD deficiency syndrome, which is a...........

[1]. Grem JL. 5-Fluorouracil: Forty-Plus and Still Ticking. A Review of its Preclinical and Clinical Development. Invest New Drugs [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Feb 15];18(4):299–313. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1006416410198
[2]. Kuebler JP, Wieand HS, O'Connell MJ, Smith RE, Colangelo LH, Yothers G, et al. Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: results from NSABP C-07. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2007 Jun 1 [cited 2018 Feb 15];25(16):2198–204. Available from: http://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2006.08.2974
[3]. Cunningham D, Starling N, Rao S, Iveson T, Nicolson M, Coxon F, et al. Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin for Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 Jan 3 [cited 2018 Feb 15];358(1):36–46. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa073149
[4]. Pfister DG, Ang K-K, Brizel DM, Burtness BA, Busse PM, Caudell JJ, et al. Head and neck cancers, version 2.2013. Featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw [Internet]. 2013 Aug 1 [cited 2018 Feb 15];11(8):917–23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946171
[5]. van Kuilenburg ABP, De Abreu RA, van Gennip AH. Pharmacogenetic and clinical aspects of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann Clin Biochem [Internet]. 2003 Jan 1 [cited 2018 Feb 15];40(1):41–5. Available from: http://acb.sagepub.com/lookup/doi/10.1258/000456303321016150

Abstract: Introduction: Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are commonly encountered in emergency departments, more frequently seen in the pediatric age group, they can also affects adults, especially with mental retardation or psychiatric illness, children interests in exploring their bodies make them more prone to lodging foreign bodies in their nasal cavities.(1) Objectives: 1) To describe the socio - demographic profile of patients with foreign body nose & to study different types of foreign body nose in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi during Jan 2016- December 2017 . 2) To study their major presenting complaints. 3) To categorize the patients on the basis of mode of management and its complications. Design of study: Record based study. Materials and methods.............

Keywords: Foreign body, Management, Maggots, Nasal cavity, Anterior Rhinoscopy.

[1]. Cameron, P. Jelinek, G. Everitt, I. Browne, G. &Raftos, J.(2006). Textbook of Paediatric Emergency Medicine. Google Books Preview.
[2]. Francois M, Hamrioui R, Narcy P. Nasal foreign bodies in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1998;255(3):132-134.
[3]. Baker MD. Foreign bodies of the ears and nose in childhood. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1987;3(2):67–70.
[4]. Das SK. Aetiological evaluation of foreign bodies in the ear and nose. J Laryngol Otol. 1984;98(10):989–991.
[5]. Gregori D, Salerni L, Scarinzi C, et al. Foreign bodies in the nose causing complications and requiring hospitalization in children 0–14 age: results from the European survey of foreign bodies injuries study. Rhinology. 2008;46(1):28–33..

Abstract: Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness in the world. Since the first cataract surgery with the removal of nucleus there have been many improvements. The first iol implantation surgery was performed by Harold Ridley in 1949. Since then there have been many improvements in the procedure and the implantable IOLs. The earlier period, typically 10-12 mm, incision required to allow intact removal of the crystalline lens required multiple sutures and frequently caused high levels of induced astigmatism. The small incision cataract surgery with typical incisions of 5 mm are now being commonly used to implant both Non Foldable IOL and Foldable IOLs. Induced astigmatism is reduced by decreasing the size of incision. As the improvement in vision is the major goal of most of the IOL surgeries visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are appropriate outcome measures. Good optical properties, dimensional and material stability and few post operative complications are desirable properties of any.........

[1]. El-Maehrabv A, Kraft MC, Raanan MG. Foldable 101 -, technology: an overview. In: Martin RG, Gills JI', Sanders OR, editors, Foidable intraocular lenses. Therotare, NJ: Slack, 1993-12.
[2]. Wcrblin TP. Astigmatism after cataract extrxtiun b-ye~r tollow up of 6.5- and Wmillimetre incisions. J Rdracl Corneal Surg 1992;8:&448-58.
[3]. UuasitaIo RJ, Ruussvaara P, jarvinen E, et tzl. Early rehabtlitation after small incision cataract surgery J Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:67-71).
[4]. Gross RH, Miller KM. Corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification and lens impIantation through unsutured corneal and scleral tunnel incisions. Am J Opthamol 1996;121:57-64.
[5]. Retzlaff J, Sanders D, Kraff M. Lens implant power calculation: a manual for ophthalmologists and biometrists. 3rd ed. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 1991:l-58..

Abstract: Introduction: The hemodynamic response associated with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may be harmful to certain patients. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) avoids the need for laryngoscopy and allows positive pressure ventilation of the lungs in appropriate patients.Materials and methods: In a randomized controlled study, 80 adults patients were allocated to LMA insertion (n = 40) or ETT (n = 40) groups. IOP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured after insertion of the airway device every minute up to 5 min.Results: There were no significant differences between LMA and ETT groups in SBP, DBP, HR, and IOP immediately after airway instrumentation up to 5 min, except in 4th min in DBP, 2nd min in HR,..........

Keywords- Cataract surgery, hemodynamic responses, laryngeal mask airway, propofol, remifentanil.

[1]. Edward Morgan G. Jr. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 3rd ed. Lange Medical Books Mc Grawn-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2002, 70.
[2]. Ronald D.Miller. Miller's Anaesthesia. 6th ed.Elsevier Churchill Livingstone ;2005, 1647.
[3]. Vincent J.Collins. General and regional anaesthesia. 3rd ed. Lea and Febiger Philadelphia; 1993, 573.
[4]. Alan R. Aitkenhead, David J. Rowbotham, Graham Smith. 4t h ed. Text book of anaesthesia ; 2001, 61.
[5]. Kihara S, BrimacombeJ, Yaguchi Y, Watanabe S,Taguchi N, Komatsuzaki T. Haemodynamic responses among three tracheal intubation devices in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Anaesthesia analgesia 2003; 96: 890-895.

Abstract: Enterococcus fecalis is a gram positive facultative anaerobe which is rarely present in primary endodontic infections, but is the most common cause of secondary endodontic infections. The following study compares the antimicrobial efficacy of 0.2% Octenidine, 2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate, 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and the control (Distilled Water) using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC) Test. The MIC was performed using 10-fold dilution in 96 U-Well Micro Test plates. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using binary statistics. It was seen that 0.2% Octenidine was the most effective in inhibiting E. fecalis, followed by Sodium Hypochlorite, and Chlorhexidine Digluconate was the least successful. Distilled water showed no effect on the gram positive organisms.

Key words; words: root canal disinfection, antimicrobial property, chlorhexidine, Octenidine, sodium hypochlorite..

[1]. Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis: A mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. International Endodontic Journal 2001; 34:399-405.
[2]. Sjogren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. International Endodontic Journal 1997; 30:297-306.
[3]. Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G, Kvet T. Microbiological status of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis. International Endodontic Journal 1998; 31:1-7.
[4]. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology Endodontics 1998; 85: 86 – 93.
[5]. Evans M, Davies JK, Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus fecalis to calcium hydroxide. International Endodontic Journal 2002; 35: 221-228..

Abstract: SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA (SDH) is characterized by a collection of blood or fluid blood products in the space between the dura and arachnoid or pial layer in the brain. It can occur as a result from head injury or spontaneously or in various other pathologies. Chronic SDH are encapsulated blood collections within the dural border cell; develops 2 to 3 weeks after the inciting event or even later and often has a poor prognosis. A chronic subdural haematoma is predominantly a disease of elderly male usually above 70. Imaging shows crescentic layer of fluid in the subdural space on a non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan, best appreciated on sagittal or coronal reformats. Operative interventions, such as burr-hole craniostomy (BHC), and craniotomy are indicated if imaging implies compression (maximum fluid collection thickness >1 cm) or the patient is neurologically.........

Key words; Chronic subdural haematoma; Management; Outcome; Prognosis; Surgery.

[1]. Galbraith TG. Subdural hematoma-acute and chronic a reappraisal clin. Neurosurgery : 1982;29:24-31.
[2]. Meagher RJ. Subdural hematoma. Medscape. 2017. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207overview
[3]. Gelabert-Gonzáles M, Iglesias-Pais M, García-Allut A, Martínez-Rumbo R. Chronic subdural haematoma: surgical treatment and outcome in 1000 cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2005;107(3):223-9
[4]. Rhode V, Graf G, Hassler W. Complications of burr-hole craniotomy and closed-system drainage for chronic subdural hematomas: a retrospective analysis of 376 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 2002;25(1-2):89-94.
[5]. Krupp WF, Jans PJ. Treatment of chronic subdurl haematoma with burr-hole craniostomy and closed drainage. Br J Neurosurg. 1995;9(5):619-27. [ Links ].

Abstract: Introduction: A surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection that occurs at or near a surgical incision within 30 days of the procedure or within one year if an implant is left in place. In the twentieth century, the two key factors that have enabled surgical advances, such as open heart surgery and kidney transplants, to become routinely possible and safe are improved anesthesia and scientifically sound infection prevention practices. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study consisting of cases admitted to our hospital attached to MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur from January 2010 to June 2013 for a period of 3 years. During this period, 200 cases were selected for our study. The cases were grouped in to two categories; Group A and Group B of 100 cases each. Group A comprises patients who received a pre-operative single dose of ceftriaxone a broad spectrum cephalosporin........

Key words; Prophylactic, elective surgery, surgical site infection.

[1]. Mohri Y, Tonouchi H, Kobayashi M, Nakai K, Kusunoki M. Randomised clinical trial of single-dose versus multiple dose anti-microbial prophylaxis in gastric cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2007; 94(6): 683-8.
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[5]. Yousuf M, Hussain M. Need and duration of antibiotic therapy in clean and clean contaminated operations. J Pak Med Assoc 2002; 52(7); 284-7.

Abstract: Abdominal wound closure technique should be efficient to perform, provide strength and be a barrier to infection. The method of closure of the abdominal wall is a critical aspect of an effective incision closure, in addition to the choice of suture material. The aim of the study was to report our experience with abdominal wound closure technique in peripheral hospital. A prospective, cohort study (February 2014-July 2016) conducted in MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur. It included patients who underwent laparotomy. All abdominal wall wounds were closed by standardized documented method of closure; mass closure using one loop continuous suture with delayed absorbable polygactin 910 (Vicryl). Data regarding postoperative complications was collected and managed statistically by SPSS computer program. The study included 300 patients; the indication for laparotomy was inflammatory.........

Key words; Laparotomy; Mass closure technique (MCT); Polygactin 910 (Vicryl); Complications.

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Abstract: Blindness was the major public health problem in India. India was the first country in the world, started Control Blindness Programmes to reduce the Prevalence of Blindness. Globally, there is 36 million people are blind and 217 million people with severe or moderate visual impairment (MSVI). In India, There are 8 million people blind and 62 million people are Visual Impairment. In Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh in India, There are nearly 8,900 blind people and 40,000 people with Visual Impairment as per the available study reports. Government issued guidelines to identify the Visually Challenged Persons by issuing of Certificates with assessment of blindness to help the people with various schemes to strengthen them as well as the increasing the income per capita............

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