iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-1 ~ January. 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Labor pain is excruciating and a significant contributor of stress and anxiety. Painful uterine contractions cause maternal hyperventilation and increased catecholamine release resulting in maternal
and fetal hypoxemia. Providing labor analgesia takes away the disadvantage and result in better maternal and fetal outcome. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India. Booked antenatal
cases term, singleton pregnancy with the vertex as presenting part were excluded in this study. The design of the study was, randomly the patients were devided into 2 groups of each using a computer allocated random chart.
Both groups (B and R) received 20 micro gram fentanyl intra thecally. One group (Group B) was given epidural bupivacaine 0.125% (in 12 ml) and the second group (group R) received epidural ropivacaine 0.2% (in 12 ml).
Results: The average age.....

Key Words: Labor pain, anxiety, singleton pregnancy, fentanyl, ropivacaine.

[1]. Wong CA. Advances in labor analgesia. Int J Womens Health. 2010;1:139–54.
[2]. Wong CA, Scavone BM, Peaceman AM, McCarthy RJ, Sullivan JT, Diaz NT, et al. The risk of cesarean delivery with neuraxial analgesia given early versus late in labor. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:655–65.
[3]. Farragher RA, Kodali BS. Obstetric anaesthesia. In: Healy EJ, Knight PR, editors. Wylie and Churchil-Davidson's: A Practice of Anaesthesia. 7th ed. London: Arnold; 2003. pp. 925–7.
[4]. Norris MC, Fogel ST, Conway-Long C. Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural labor analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2001;95:913– 20.
[5]. Simmons SW, Cyna AM, Dennis AT, Hughes D. Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007:3CD003401.

Abstract:Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide. About 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension, two-thirds population living in low - and middle-income countries. Many hospital based data reflect high prevalence in the study areas of Ethiopia. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among adult residents of Akesta Town, Legambo District, South Wollo Zone, North East Ethiopia from April 16, 2019 to June 27, 2019. Methodology: A Cross-sectional community based survey was conducted. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 373 adults aged 18 years and above. The sample size was calculated with 95% CI and considering other literature and we added 10% for contingency. The data was retrieved by using a pretested structured questionnaire prepared. Variables with P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant variables and presented with 95% CI and AOR......

Keywords: Hypertension, Prevalence, Akesta, Ethiopia

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Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a clinical condition that causes significant infant mortality and morbidity. The diagnosis and severity of NE depends on clinical presentation and imaging findings. Early identification of neonates at risk of developing encephalopathy is important to start appropriate supportive treatment and thereby further prognosis. Objective: The objective of our study is to compare less costly transcranial ultrasonogram(TCUS) & with more time consuming and costly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identification of cerebral injuries in NE ,thereby proving the effectiveness of the former imaging modality in critically ill neonates. Methods: Our study enrolled 40 infants (both preterm and term) admitted in neonatal ICU of Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur.....

Keywords: Transcranial ultrasonogram(TCUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neonatal encephalopathy (NE), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), germinal matrix (GM).

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[5]. Gerda van Wezel-Meijler Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography, first edition, springer, 2007; 3-5

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Spinal anaesthesia is a popular technique for providing anaesthesia for lower limb surgeries. Intrathecaladjuvant is given along with local anaesthesia to prolong duration of block. Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate is known to enhance duration of block without causing significant side effect. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of intrathecaldexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate on the
onset and duration of spinal anaesthesia using bupivacaine. Methods: After IEC approval, a prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 120 ASA I
and II adult patients undergoing lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group D received 0.1......

Keywords: Spinal Anaesthesia; Bupivacaine; Dexmedetomidine; Magnesium sulfate

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Abstract: Developmental defects in both deciduous and permanent dentitions occur as a result of disturbances in formation of hard tissue matrices and in their mineralization. The simultaneous development period of first
permanent molars and the second deciduous molars is suggestive of a shared etiological factor in the origin of hypomineralization defects. Children with hypomineralized second deciduous molars are more susceptible to
develop molar incisor hypomineralization. Therefore, the purpose of this case report is to document the association of deciduous molar hypomineralization with molar incisor hypomineralization in a 8-year old male
child. This report further highlights the rise in demand for more attention at the age of 6-8 yrs, the period of the eruption of first permanent molars and permanent incisors.

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Abstract: Intravenous (IV) cannulation is a technique in which a cannula is placed inside a vein to provide venous access. Venous access allows sampling of blood, as well as administration of fluids, medications,
parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, and blood products. However complications may also arise as a result of improper insertion or removal of iv catheter . Among the rarest of complications that can occur in intravenous
catheterisation is fracture of the catheter. The most common occurence of such an event is during re-insertion of the needle in an already advanced catheter where the needle may.....

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Abstract: Echinococcosis is caused by echinococcus granulosus , a dog tapeworm. Liver is the most common organ involved. The fluid is usually lear with high specific gravity and shows hooklets and scolices. It is
classified under neglected tropical disease and belongs to the group of diseaases known as helminthiasis. It is one of the cases where careful decision making regarding the next step of management comes under much
scrutiny, as a small slip up from any side can cause the lesion to rupture and cause anaphylacticshock....

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Abstract: Gingival recession has been defined as the apical shift of gingival margin from its physiologic level causing exposure of root surfaces. Patient with gingival recession frequently report to dental clinics with
complaint ofreceding gums, pain or hypersensitivity, esthetic problem, retention of plaque, inflamed gingiva. This apical shift in gingiva causes reduction in width of attached gingiva and vestibular depth which may lead
to sub gingival plaque accumulation and difficulty in oral hygiene maintenance.There are various techniques to treat gingival recession and to increase width of keratinized gingiva. This article puts emphasis on case report
in which evaluation of increase in width of keratinized gingiva is done using functional method and chemical staining method post lateral pedicle graft combined with connective tissue graft in treatment of gingival
recession..

Keywords: Lateral pedicle graft, Keratinized gingiva, Lugols iodine, gingival recession

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Abstract: Dhat syndrome is a clinical condition commonly reported in South East Asia especially the Indian subcontinent. It is characterized by vague somatic symptoms of fatigue, weakness, anxiety, loss of appetite and
guilt attributed to semen loss through nocturnal emissions, urine, during defecation, masturbation and even sexual intercourse. This is a case of 20-year-old unmarried male patient with complaints of repeated thoughts of
seminal discharge and repeated checking for it, which started 1 year back. Gradually these thoughts assumed obsessional quality and resulting into checking behaviours.Then started a cycle continued resulting in very
frequent visits to bathroom and checking which greatly affecting the quality of his professional life, social and personal life.MSE revealed obsessions regarding inappropriate seminal discharge and its effects. These
obsessions resulting in to.....

Key Words: Dhat; Dhat Syndrome; Unmarried male; co-morbid OCD.

[1]. Grover S1, Avasthi A, Aneja J, Shankar G, Mohan M R, Nehra R, Padhy SK.Comprehensive questionnaire for assessment of Dhat syndrome: development and use in patient population. - J Sex Med. 2014 Oct;11(10):2485-95.
[2]. Udina M1, Foulon H, Valdés M, Bhattacharyya S, Martín-Santos R,Dhat Syndrome: A Systematic Review.2013 May- Jun;54(3):212-8.
[3]. Rajkumar RP. Distinctive clinical features of Dhat syndrome with comorbid sexual dysfunction. Asian J Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;19:1– 2.
[4]. Grover S, Gupta S, Avasthi A. Psychological correlates and psychiatric morbidity in patients with Dhat syndrome. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015 Jul 1;57(3):255.
[5]. Dhat syndrome: Evolution of concept, current understanding, and need of an integrated approach Kar SK, Sarkar S - Journal of human Reproductive Science Available from: 2015;8;(3);130-134

Abstract: Fluoride, when added to community water in optimum quantity, is an important public health measure. At concentrations of 0.7 – 1.2 ppm, fluoride significantly reduces the prevalence of dental caries. It does so by promoting remineralization of lesions, reducing the solubility of enamel by forming fluorapatite crystals. Additionally, it may have a direct effect on the enzymes produced by cariogenic bacteria. However, fluoride is often regarded as a 'double edged sword'. Chronic ingestion of significantly high levels of fluoride (greater than 3 ppm), most commonly through community water supplies, can cause dental fluorosis and rarely skeletal fluorosis. Dental fluorosis occurs in developing teeth due to the exposure of high concentration of fluoride during stages of tooth development....

Keywords: fluoride, dental fluorosis, prevalence

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Abstract: Background & Objectives: Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation always trigger powerful cardiovascular responses. It may be well tolerated in healthy people, but may be hazardous in patients with
hypertension, tachycardia, myocardial infarction, and other complications.Various attempts have been made to attenuate these responses. The present study has been undertaken to make a comparative study of both drugs
Esmolol and Magnesium Sulphate in attenuating the haemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Methods: After IEC approval, a prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted on 120ASA I and
....

Keywords: Esmolol, Magnesium sulphate, Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Haemodynamics.

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Abstract: Adult Onset Still's Disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by high grade fever, skin rash, arthralgia and myalgia. We report a case of AOSD with atypical
skin manifestations.A 19 year old female patient presented with fever, generalized skin eruption and severe joint pains since 20 days. On dermatological examination, multiple hyperpigmented papules coalescing to form
plaques were present over perioral area, pinna, cheek, upper chest and extremities. Lesions were distributed irregularly in bizarre fashion and Koebner's phenomenon was present. Laboratory workup showed high TC-
19600, high ESR-40mm/hr, high ferritin levels-250 ng/ml. ANA and RA factor were negative. Histopathology showed numerous individually....

Keywords: AOSD.

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Abstract: Introduction: Despite the variety of procedures performed for Hernia,none can be termed as an ideal procedure as each one is having its early and late complications the most significant being recurrence.This study compare the effectiveness of 3 different hernia repairs viz Modified Bassinis,The Shouldice &Lichtenstein repair regarding morbidity & recurrence. Patients &Methods: 100 cases of inguinal hernia admitted between June 2018 to May 2019 were taken.The data was collected prospectively and analyzed by using non probability sampling method.chi-square test , Independent samples T test were employed in the present study.....

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