iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: Aim; The aim of the present study is to measure the maximum bite force in the natural dentition with the help of bite force measurement device. Materials and methods; 100 subjects randomly selected from the population aged between 18-60 years were tested. The device was placed in between upper and lower central incisors and patients were asked to bite until the first sign of pain was felt. This exercise was done twice and mean was taken. Same procedure was followed for right and left first molar. Results; The data proved that maximum bite force was more in young males than in young females. Also bite force tends to decrease as age progresses. Conclusion; Bite force is more in young males than in young females. Also bite force on the right molars was similar to left molars..

[1]. Fernandes CP, Glantz PO, Svensson SA, Bergmark A. A novel sensor for bite force determinations. Dent Mater. 2003;19(2):118–126
[2]. Ingervall B, Minder C. Correlation between maximum bite force and facial morphology in children. Angle Orthod 1997;67:415-422.
[3]. Kogawa EM, Calderon PS, Lauris JR, et al. Evaluation of maximal bite force in temporomandibular disorders patients. J Oral Rehabil 2006;33:559-565. [4]. Mantyvaara J, Sjoholm T, Kirjavainen T, et al. Altered control of submaximal bite force during bruxism in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;79:325-330.
[5]. Nickolay Apostolov, Ivan Chakalov, Todor Drajev. Measurement of the Maximum Bite Force in the Natura. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Serrao G, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM. Single tooth bite forces in healthy young adults. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:18-22.

Abstract: Background: Globally, road traffic accident is the most common cause of traumatic spinal cord injury. On the Jos Plateau, mining is emerging as an important cause of traumatic spinal cord injury. The disability and complications that follow traumatic spinal cord injury are distressing to the patients and to the medical community as a whole. Spinal cord injury from mining adds more burden to our already overstretched health care system that is struggling to provide basic and specialized health care to the populace. The management of spinal cord injury requires highly specialized care and with the dearth of Specialist to manage this condition, the outcome may become adversely affected. The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of the patients sustaining this type of injury and then measure the outcome of management at our facility. Materials and Method: Data was obtained......

Key words : Spinal cord injury, Tin mining, Jos Plateau, trauma

[1]. Hodder BW. Tin Mining on the Jos Plateau of Nigeria. Econ Geogr. 1959;35(2):109. Available from: doi: 10.2307/142394
[2]. Mallo SJ. The Socio-Economic impact of artisanal mining in Kuru (Naraguta Sheet 168) Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Cont J Eng Sci. 2012;7(3):27–32. Available from: doi: 10.5707/cjengsci.2012.7.3.27.32
[3]. Bridge G, Fredriksen T. 'Order out of chaos': Resources, hazards and the production of a tin-mining economy in northern Nigeria in the early twentieth century. Environ Hist Camb. 2012;18(3):367–94.Available from:doi: 10.3197/096734012X13400389809337
[4]. Morrison JH. Early Tin Production and Nigerian Labour on the Jos Plateau 1906-1921. Can J African Stud / Rev Can des Études Africaines. 1977; Available from:doi: 10.2307/483621
[5]. Warnakulasuriya SSP, W.L.K. A. the Prevalence of Occupational Injuries and Preventive Practices Among Gem Mining W Orkers in Eheliyagoda Pradeshiya Sabha Division , Sri Lanka. Int Res Conf KDU, Sri Lanka. 2016;223. Available from: http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/6293.

Abstract: Supernumerary teeth are the teeth that are present in addition to the normal set of teeth. They can be present in any region of the oral cavity be it maxilla or mandible and anterior or posterior region. Their occurrence is more in male compared to the females. Their may be a few complications with the supernumerary teeth like crowding, root resorption of adjacent tooth, midline diastema etc. Not every time they can be the cause of some inconvenience but sometimes they are and for that they have to be kept under observation. When we talk about treatment there is no set guideline. We can go for extraction if they are causing some problem but if they are not then extraction can be avoided and tooth can be kept under observation. Case report talks about the supernumerary premolars and their management as they are fully developed and erupted into the oral cavity.

Keywords: Supernumerary teeth, Extra premolar, Supplemental premolars, Non syndromic supernumerary.

[1]. Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. Textbook of oral pathology. 6th ed. Noida: Eksevier publication 2009:46-7
[2]. Omer RS, Anthonappa RP, and King NM. Determination of the optimum time for surgical removal of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth. Pediatric Dentistry 2010;32(1):14-20
[3]. Sharma A. Familial occurrence of mediodens-a case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2003;21:84-5
[4]. King NM, Lee AM, and Wan PK. Multiple supernumerary premolars: their occurrence in three patients. Australian Dental Journal 1993. 38(1):11–16
[5]. Garvey MT, Barry HJ, Blake MB. Supernumerary Teeth -An Overview of Classification, Diagnosis and Management. J Can Dent Assoc 1999; 65:612-6

Abstract: Background:SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), was identified in Wuhan, China Since its first description, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), formerly known as 2019-nCoV, has attracted tremendous attention in a short period of time as the death toll and number of confirmed cases grows unceasingly. Routine examinations include complete blood count, coagulation profile, and serum biochemical test. Complete blood count is the most available, efficient and economic examination.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study done in department of pathology. Peripheral blood parameters, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet count were studied in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection .......

Keywords: COVID-19, complete blood count, Neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio, platelet count

[1]. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 382(13), 1199–1207 (2020).
[2]. WHO. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020). www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of -the-int ernational-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
[3]. D. Benvenuto, M. Giovanetti, A. Ciccozzi, S. Spoto, S. Angeletti, M. Ciccozzi, The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution, J. Med. Virol. 92 (4) (2020) 455–459.Lu R, Yu X, Wang W et al. Characterization of human coronavirus etiology in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection by real-time RT-PCR assays. PLoS ONE 7(6), 38638 (2012)
[4]. Z. Xu, L. Shi, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, L. Huang, C. Zhang, S. Liu, P. Zhao, H. Liu, L. Zhu, Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, LancetRespiratory Med. 8 (4) (2020) 420-422
[5]. Lu R, Yu X, Wang W et al. Characterization of human coronavirus etiology in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection by real-time RT-PCR assays. PLoS ONE 7(6), 38638

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate retention practices commonly employed by orthodontists. The objectives were to identify the types of retainer frequently used and to investigate the variations in retention practice. Methods: A total of 100 orthodontists were randomly selected, and a questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions sent to them by mail. Upon receiving of the completed questionnaires, the data were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 95 responses were received; among these, 59.4% of orthodontists' practiced is in a government setting and 40.6% were in private......

[1]. Littlewood SJ, Millett DT, Doubleday B, Bearn DR, Worthington HV. Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD002283.
[2]. Renkema AM, Sips ET, Bronkhorst E, Kuijpers- Jagtman AM. A survey on orthodontic retention procedures in The Netherlands. Eur J Orthod 2009; 31:432-7.
[3]. Al Yami E A , Kuijpers-Jagtman A M , van ' t Hof M A 1999 Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome: follow-up until 10 years postretention . American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 115 : 300 – 304
[4]. Keim R G , Gottlieb E L , Nelson A H , Vogels D S 2002 JCO study of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment procedures. Part 1 results and trends . Journal of Clinical Orthodontics 36 : 553 – 568
[5]. Wong PM, Freer TJ. A comprehensive survey of retention procedures in Australia and New Zealand. Aust Orthod J 2004;20:99-106..

Abstract: Purpose : Noonan Syndrome is a genetic condition inherited in an autosomally dominant manner ,characterised by short stature , facial abnormalities , congenital heart disease , urogenital malformations , ocular features and mild developmental delay and the somatic features of Turner's syndrome , but a normal karyotype.(1) Above 95% of patients have some ocular abnormalities presenting with downward slanting lid fissures , hypertelorism , epicanthal folds , ptosis , strabismus , amblyopia , optiv nerve abnormalities , cataracts and pan uveitis.(1,2) A 14-year old patient suspected of having NS presented with complaints of watering in right eye since birth.

KEYWORDS: Noonan syndrome , eye signs

[1]. Taha AYYILDIZ . Noonan syndrome Eye signs : A case report . Medical journal of Islamic world Academy of sciences.2017 ; 25(2) : 57-60.
[2]. Lee NB, Kelly L, Sharland M. Ocular manifestations of Noonan syndrome. Eye. 1992;6:328-34.
[3]. Noonan syndrome – clinical characteristics , genetics , treatment . Hereditary ocular disease. The university of Arizona – 2019.
[4]. Andrew Go Lee , Jared Raabe , Nita Bhat , Shruthi Harish Bindiganavile , Robert Thompson , Christina Tise , sonali singh. Noonan Syndrome. AAO April 20 , 2021.
[5]. Dorothee C Van Triee , Johannes R.M Crysberg. Ocular manifestations of Noonan syndrome : A prospective clinical and Genetic study of 25 patients. J ophtha . June 2016.

Abstract: Purpose - To study the ophthalmic manifestations in childrens presenting with Down syndrome. Methods- This was a prospective observational study that involved 30 eyes of 15 childrens of Down syndrome presenting with low visual acuity, strabismus, nystagmus, blephritis, large epicanthal folds, nasolacrimal duct obstruction , etc. Results-There were 9 males and 6 females and the age group taken was 1 to 10 years. Most common presentation in down syndrome patients is low visual acuity ( <6/18 ) in 74% patients followed by strabismus in 68 % patients , nystagmus......

KEYWORDS: down syndrome, low visual acuity, strabismus ,myopia

[1]. Malt EA, Dahl RC, Haugsand TM, et al. Health and disease in adults with Down syndrome. Tidsskr den Nor Laegeforening 2013;133:290–294.
[2]. Sherman SL, Allen EG, Bean LH, Freeman SB. Epidemiology of Down syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2007;13:221–227.
[3]. Creavin AL, Brown RD. Ophthalmic abnormalities in children with Down syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008;46:76–82
[4]. Roizen NJ, Patterson D. Down's syndrome. Lancet 2003;361:1281–1289.
[5]. Fimiani F, Iovine A, Carelli R, et al. Incidence of ocular pathologies in Italian children with Down syndrome. Eur J Ophthalmol 2007;17:817–822.

Abstract: Background and objectives: Pre-labour Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is an enigmatic condition associated with high risk of maternal and Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality. The function of the amniotic fluid is mainly protective. It assists in maintaining an even temperature, acts as a buffer against external injuries checks the ascending infections, and during labour, acts as a dilating wedge in the cervix, so long as the amnion remainsintact. This occurs in 5-20% of all labours. The membranes may rupture either at term (> 37 weeks) when it is called term PROM or before 37 weeks of gestation when it is referred to as preterm PROM (PPROM). PROM is one of the most common clinical problem where a normal pregnancy can turn into a high risk situation. A careful consideration.....

Keywords: PROM, Maternal outcome, Perinatal outcome

[1]. Gunn G.G.,Mischell Morton: "PROM A review", Am. J. Obstet Gynaecol 1970;106:409.
[2]. Swati Pandey, Dave A, Bandi S. Maternal and foetal outcome in cases of PROM. Journal of Obstet and Gynecology of India 2000;50:63.
[3]. Kodkany, Telang. Premature rupture of membranes, a study of 100 cases. Journal of Obstet and Gynecol of India1991;41:492.
[4]. Jayaram VK, Sudha S. A study of PROM – Management and outcome.Journal of Obstet and Gynecol of India 2001;51:58-60.
[5]. Singhal P, Singhal AK. Fetomaternal outcome in premature rupture of membranes. Obs&Gynae Today 2002;10:585.
[6]. Anjana Devi,Reddi Rani.Premature rupture of membranes–A clinical study.Journal of Obstet and Gynaecol of India 1996;46:63.
[7]. Ray Piya, Sikdar K, Das A, Ghosh T. Study of cases of chorioamniotics followed premature rupture of membranes. Journal of Obstet & Gynaecol of India 1997; 47:136.

Abstract: Covid-19 (coronavirus disease- 19) is a principal health emergency the world is facing. The viral disease is caused by SARSCOV 2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus -2). As of May 28th 2021, World Health Organization (WHO) reported 168,040,871 confirmed cases and 3,494,758 deaths. Likewise, in India WHO reported 27,369,093 confirmed cases and 315,235 deaths. During the first wave, WHO observed that, by March 2020, the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in Wuhan was up to 5.05% in contrast, outside Hubei was 0.98%. While in India, the CFR during the first wave was 2.49%(6) which slided to 1.14%(7) during the second wave. Thus, maintaining the dignity of dead is of utmost importance while disposing the deceased. This article intends to put light.....

Keywords: Coronavirus, Covid-19, Case Fatality rate, Dignity of Dead, CFR, pandemic

[1]. Vidua RK, Duskova I, Bhargava DC, Chouksey VK, Pramanik P. Dead body management amidst global pandemic of Covid-19. Med Leg J. 2020 Jul 1;88(2):80–3.
[2]. Xu S, Li Y. Beware of the second wave of COVID-19. The Lancet. 2020 Apr 8;395(10233):1321–2.
[3]. Fineschi V, Aprile A, Aquila I, Arcangeli M, Asmundo A, Bacci M, et al. Management of the corpse with suspect, probable or confirmed COVID-19 respiratory infection - Italian interim recommendations for personnel potentially exposed to material from corpses, including body fluids, in morgue structures and during autopsy practice. Pathologica. 2020 Jun;112(2):64–77.
[4]. Finegan O, Fonseca S, Guyomarc'h P, Morcillo Mendez MD, Rodriguez Gonzalez J, Tidball-Binz M, et al. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): General guidance for the management of the dead related to COVID-19. Forensic Science International: Synergy. 2020 Jan 1;2:129–37.
[5]. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 May 28]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int

Abstract: Titanium implant surfaces have been modified in various ways to improve biocompatibility and accelerate osseointegration, which results in a shorter edentulous period for a patient. This article reviewed some important modified titanium surfaces. Several methods are widely used to modify the topography or chemistry of titanium surface, including blasting, acid etching, anodic oxidation, fluoride treatment, and calcium phosphate coating. Such modified surfaces demonstrate faster and stronger osseointegration than the turned commercially pure titanium surface. Past literature has revealed most of the surface treatments able to brings a good effect to the dental implants.

Keywords: Titanium implants ,osseointegration, surface modification, biocompatiblity, corrosion resistance

[1]. Albrektsson, T., Johansson, C., 2001. Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration.Eur. Spine J. 10 (2), S96–S101.
[2]. Albrektsson, T., Branemark, P.I., Hansson, H.A., Lindstrom, J., 1981. Osseointegrated titanium implants: requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthopaed. Scand. 52 (2), 155–170.
[3]. Cooper LF, Masuda T, Yliheikkila PK, Felton DA. Generalizations regarding the process and phenomenon of osseointegration. Part II. In vitro studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:163–174.
[4]. Hanawa, T., 2017. Surface treatment and modification of metals to add biofunction. Dent.Mater. J. 36, 533–538.
[5]. S. Vishnu and D. Kusum, "Advances in surface modification of dental implants frommicron to nanotopography," International Journal of Research in Dentistry, vol. 1, pp. 1–10, 2011.

Abstract: Background: Anterior cervical fusion surgeries are viable surgical options for treating many lesions that involve the ventral part of the neck. It can come in the form of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) with or without the use of plates and screws. These procedures achieve sufficient decompression of the spinal cord and the nerve roots and also the stabilization of the spine. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of cervical spine/spinal cord injuries and the outcome of cervical fusion surgeries in terms of neurological improvements and survival rates. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of all consecutive patients presenting to our hospital with cervical spinal injuries requiring surgical decompression and fusion from January 2012 to December 2020. The vertebral level of injury and presence.....

Keywords: Trauma, cervical, spinal cord, contusion, complete injury

[1]. Prabhat V, Boruah T, Lal H, Kumar R, Dagar A, Sahu H. Management of post-traumatic neglected cervical facet dislocation. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2017 Apr 1;8(2):125–30.
[2]. Tasiou A, Giannis T, Brotis AG, Siasios I, Georgiadis I, Gatos H, et al. Anterior cervical spine surgery-associated complications in a retrospective case-control study. J Spine Surg. 2017;3(3):444–59.
[3]. Berlowitz DJ, Wadsworth B, Ross J. Respiratory problems and management in people with spinal cord injury. Breathe. 2016;12(4):328–40.
[4]. Nandoe Tewarie RDS, Bartels RHMA, Peul WC. Long-term outcome after anterior cervical discectomy without fusion. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(9):1411–6.
[5]. Zadegan SA, Jazayeri SB, Abedi A, Bonaki HN, Vaccaro AR, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Corticosteroid Administration to Prevent Complications of Anterior Cervical Spine Fusion: A Systematic Review. Global Spine Journal. 2018; 8: 286–302.

Abstract: Background:The feed treatment from substitution of Arabica coffee flour, which is rich of dietary fiber, is potential to have glycemic response and physiological effect in reducing blood glucose level on hyperglycemia rats. Objectives of the research were to find out glycemic response and physiological effect of feed treatment from substitution of Arabica coffee flour on Wistar rats, which was conditioned to have hyperglycemia in reducing blood glucose level. Materials and Methods: The research was experimental laboratory using 30 male rats of Wistar strain, which was divided into 5 treatments, as follow: 2 control groups (K0 normal and K0 positive diabetes) and 3 feed treatment groups with diabetic rats (K1, K2, K3). The feed is given by dose of 15 g/day. Application of the feed is modification of standard feed AIN93....

Keywords: Glycemic response, Arabica coffee flour, Dietary fiber, Pancreatic beta-cell, Insulin receptor

[1]. Setyobudi, R. H., Zalizar, L., Wahono, S. K., Widodo, W., Wahyudi, A., Mel, M., Prabowo, B., Jani, Y., Nugroho, Y. A., Liwang, T., & Zaebudin, A. (2019). Prospect of Fe non-heme on coffee flour made from solid coffee waste: Mini review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 293(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/293/1/012035
[2]. Damat, D., Anggriani, R., Setyobudi, R. H., & Soni, P. (2019). Dietary fiber and antioxidant activity of gluten-free cookies with coffee cherry flour addition. Coffee Science, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i4.1625
[3]. Mindarti, S., Zalizar, L., Damat, Saati, E. A., & Fajriani, S. (2020). Characterization of fiber fraction, physical and chemical properties of coffee flour (Coffea sp.) as functional foodstuff for diabetes mellitus patient. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 462(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/462/1/012017
[4]. Setyobudi, R., Krido Wahono, S., Gamawati Adinurani, P., Wahyudi, A., Widodo, W., Mel, M., Adhi Nugroho, Y., Prabowo, B., & Liwang, T. (2018). Characterisation of Arabica Coffee Pulp - Hay from Kintamani - Bali as Prospective Biogas Feedstocks. MATEC Web of Conferences, 164. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401039
[5]. Dhingra, D., Michael, M., Rajput, H., & Patil, R. T. (2012). Dietary fibre in foods: A review. In Journal of Food Science and Technology (Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp. 255–266). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0365-5