iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: Background: Pregnancy influences thyroid function in multiple ways .Not only does the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis undergo a series of adjustments, the fetus develops its own HPT axis and the placenta plays an active role in iodide and T4 transport and metabolism. Thus, an integrated three-compartment thyroid model exists during gestation. Aim and Objectives: To study the perinatal outcome of hypothyroid pregnant women in comparison to normal pregnant women to look for maternal and fetal complication. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Narayan medical college and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, South Bihar from Oct 2020 to March 2021. All pregnant women attending the obstetric unit during this period were included in the study after informed consent. : Details regarding personal characteristics.......

Keywords: TSH, NICU, PIH, PROM,PRE-TERM

[1]. Jain M, Pathania k, Rana UB, Gupta KB, Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Hypothyroidism, Int J Health Sci Res. 2017; 7(3):32-35.
[2]. Smallridge RC, Ladenson PW, Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy: Consequences toNeonatal Health The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,2001;86(6):1-7
[3]. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum THYROID, 2011; 21(10):1-7
[4]. Ruchi Kishore, Nalini Mishra, Jyoti Yadav. "Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Outcome". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2015; 4(79):1-6
[5]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap III LC, Wenstrom KD. Thyroid and other endocrine disorders Williams Obstetrics 23rd edition chapter 53 page1131

Abstract: Cystic hygroma is a rare vascular cystic tumor of lymphatic origin. Mostly it occurs in neck. But rarely it can occur also in anterior or superior mediastinum. Presentation of tumor usually gets delayed as most of them are asymptomatic. We present a case of 9 year male child with complains of dyspnoea on exertion and swelling of face. X-ray chest revealed widening of the mediastinum. Computed Tomography(CT) scan showed a large heterogeneous mass with multiple cystic spaces in anterior mediastinum and was compressing superior vena cava. Surgical excision of the mass was performed. Histopathological examination of mass reported as cystic lymhangioma of superior mediastinum.

Keywords: Cystic Hygroma, Mediastinum, Superior Vena Cava Syndrome.

[1]. 1.Emil Goetsch.Hygroma Colli Cysticum and hygroma axillare. Pathologic and clinical study and report of twelve cases. Arch surg.1938;36(3):394-479.
[2]. 2.Nansom EM. Lymphangioma (cystic hygroma) of the mediastinum. J cardiovasc surg(torino). 1968;9:447-52.
[3]. 3.Angtuaco EJ,Jimenez JF,Burrows P,Ferris E . Lymphatic venous malformation(lymphangiohaemangioma) of mediastinum. J comput Assist Tomogr.1983;7(5):895-7.
[4]. 4.HRS Harley, CE Drew. Cystic hygroma of the mediastinum.Thorax.1950; 5:105-15.
[5]. 5.Steven A.Curley, Deborah S Ablin, Ann M. Kosloske. Giant cystic hygroma of posterior mediastinum. Journal of paeditric surgery.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(89)80280-5.

Abstract: Background: Palpable breast lump is one of the commonest problem in women and breast cancer is major cause of both morbidity and mortality in women. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity of FNAC, it can be used effectively as diagnostic modality for palpable breast lumps and it is simple, rapid, cost effective and minimally invasive method. Material and Methods: It is a hospital-based study of prospective type study was conducted in the Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital in the Department of Pathology for duration of one year. 100 female patients presented with palpable breast lump, fullfiling inclusion criteria were included. Result: FNAC was done on 100 cases of breast lumps and were reported according to five-tiered system of National Cancer Institute (NCI 1997), 93% cases were satisfactory and rest......

Keywords: Palpable breast lump, breast cancer, FNAC, NCI 1997.

[1]. Akter S, Islam MJ and Haque MS. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Palpable Breast Lumps - Their Cytological Spectrum and Histopathological Correlation. KYAMC Journal January 2017;7(2):780-6.
[2]. Gorasiya B, and Jhaveri S. Cytological Study of Spectrum of Lesions of Palpable Breast Lumps by FNAC at SMIMER Hospital, Surat. NJMR Apr –Jun 2019;9(2):82-4.
[3]. Rajyalakshmi r, akhtar m, bhaskar rv, venkataramana k et al. utility of fnac in uncommon inflammatory and reactive lesions of breast: an unsuspected clinical scenario. j. evid. based med. healthc oct. 29, 2018; 5(44):3070-4.
[4]. Silverman JF. Diagnostic accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and triage role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of palpable breast lesions. Breast J 1995;1:3-8.
[5]. The uniform approach to breast fine needle aspiration biopsy. National Cancer Institute. DiagnCytopathol 1997;16:295-311.

Abstract: Introduction-COVID-19 has affected and is affecting mankind round the globe. Certain studies have shown that co-morbid conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are major risk factors for disease progression in COVID‐19 patients. However, very few studies have focussed on the impact of tuberculosis on COVID‐19. We performed a retrospective study to assess whether tuberculosis is associated with an increased susceptibility, severity and risk of death in COVID‐19 patients.........

Key Words- SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, RT-PCR.co-infection, outcome.

[1]. Tadolini M, Codecasa LR, García-García JM, Blanc FX, Borisov S, Alffenaar JW, Andréjak C, Bachez P, Bart PA, Belilovski E, Cardoso-Landivar J. Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases. European Respiratory Journal. 2020 Jul 1;56(1).
[2]. Singh A, Prasad R, Gupta A, Das K, Gupta N. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and pulmonary tuberculosis: convergence can be fatal. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. 2020 Jul 22;90(3).
[3]. Gao Y, Liu M, Chen Y, Shi S, Geng J, Tian J. Association between tuberculosis and COVID‐19 severity and mortality: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020 Jan 1.
[4]. WHO coronavirus disease (covid 19) dashboard.
[5]. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020", WHO, Geneva, 2019 www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/

Abstract: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven to be an effective technique for diagnosis of liver lesion. Cytological examination of liver aspirates effectively differentiates between benign and malignant nature of the lesion, and helps in further management of the patient. The Present study aims at determining the utility of image guided FNAC of right hypochondrium masses with emphasis on diagnosis of neoplastic liver lesions. The present three year study was conducted on 135 patients from January 2016 to December 2019. After obtaining the detailed clinical and radiological data, patients were subjected for FNAC under Ultrasonography (USG) or Computed Tomography scans (CT scan) guidance.......

Keywords: Image guided liver FNAC, Liver lesions

[1]. Verma N, Neetu1, S. P. Sharma, Preeti Singh, Anuj Kumar. Role of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology of right hypochondrial masses. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Dec;5(12):5312-5315
[2]. M.b. Lekha, Prabhu D, Nagarjappa A, Ultrasound/computerized tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of liver lesions. IP J Diagn Pathol Oncol 2018;3(2):68-74
[3]. Jambhekar NA, Saxena R, Krishnamurthy S, Bharadwaj R, Sheth A. Fine needle aspiration cytology of liver: An analysis of 530 cases. J Cytol. 1999;16:27–35.
[4]. Li ZY, Liang QL, Chen GQ, Zhou Y, Liu QL. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the liver diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology: A case report and review of the literature. Arch Med Sci. 2012;8:392–7.
[5]. Dhameja N, Rai V, Singh R. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Liver Space Occupying Lesions - A Study of 57 Cases from a Tertiary Care Centre. International Journal of Science and Research. 2016;5(2):287-290.

Abstract: Background: Placental calcification is regarded as a sign that the placenta is ageing with a resultant decline in its performance that might place the pregnancy at a risk of poor fetal outcome. Placental calcification can be accelerated to appear early in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) amongst others. We have selected this study to evaluate the pattern of placental calcification in PIH. Material and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional case-control study conducted over a 16-month period in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital that involved 200 PIH women and 200 normotensive pregnant women. An obstetric ultrasound scan was done on all the subjects to examine the placenta. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data..........

Key words: Placental calcification, Intra-uterine growth restriction, Grannum grade, Pregnancy.

[1]. Wallingford MC, Benson C, Chavkin NW, Chin MT, Frasch MG. Placental Vascular Calcification and Cardiovascular Health: It Is Time to Determine How Much of Maternal and Offspring Health Is Written in Stone. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1044. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01044
[2]. Chen KH, Chen LR, Lee YH. Exploring the relationship between preterm placental calcification and adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37(3):328-334. doi:10.1002/uog.7733
[3]. Alemayehu TM, Bayile YS. Determinants of calcified placenta and its association with fetal outcome among mothers who gave birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Int J Res Med Sci 2020;8:64-70
[4]. Mohammadi N, Abotorabi Sh, Pakniat H, Salimi H, Chamanara S, Hajmanoochehri F. Placental Calcification and Vitamin D Deficiency in Low-Risk Pregnant Women. Int J Pediatr 2020; 8(1): 107495-757.DOI: 10.22038/ijp.2019.14030
[5]. Begum F, Jesmin S, Khatun R, Parvin S, Rahman A. Third trimester placental grading by ultrasonography and its relationship with fetal outcome. TAJ 2020;33(2):94-99

Abstract: We present here a case report of a congenital malaria admitted in the tertiary care hospital presenting in the late neonatal period, with no symptoms of acute febrile illnesses. The mother developed febrile illness in the late second trimester trimester and was diagnosed plasmodium vivax malaria and received treatment. Baby delivered was asymptomatic later on presented with icterus and hepatospleenomegaly and was diagnosed as plasmodium vivax malaria after detection of trophozoites in the thick and thin films.

[1]. Piñeros-Jiménez JG, Alvarez G, Tobon A, Arboleda M, Carrero S, Blair S, 2011. Congenital malaria in Urabá, Colombia. Malar J 10: 239. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[2]. Falade C, Mokuolu O, Okafor H, Orogade A, Falade A, Adedoyin O, Oguonu T, Aisha M, Hamer AH, Callahan MV, 2007. Epidemiology of congenital malaria in Nigeria: a multi-centre study. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1279–1287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[3]. Davies HD, Keystone J, Lester ML, Gold R. Congenital malaria in infants of asymptomatic women. Can Med Assoc J. 1992;146:1755–1756. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
[4]. Valecha N, Bhatia S, Mehta S, Biswas S, Dash AP. Congenital malaria with atypical presentation: a case report from low transmission area in India. Malaria J. 2007;6:43. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-43. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
[5]. Desai M, ter Kuile FO, Nosten F, McGready R, Asamoa K, Brabin B, et al. Epidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7:93–104. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: The aim of the study is to present a rare case of incidentally detected pancake kidney with radiological imaging findings in a 30 year old male patient.There are many developmental anomalies of kidney. Various types of congenital renal abnormalities such as renal agenesis, ectopic or horseshoe kidney can be encountered where one of the most rarest presentation with on pancake kidney is encountered in number that count in fingers worldwide.

Key words: Pancake kidney Renal ectopia Renal agensis Horseshoe kidney

[1]. Wein AJ editor. Campbell-Walsh Urology.9th edition. China; 2007:3283-9.
[2]. Ajzen SA, Lederman HM, Giannotti IA, et al. Rim empanqueca: aspect radiológicopeculiar dotumor de Wilms. J Pediatr (Rio J). 1984;57:21–2
[3]. Glenn JF. Fused pelvic kidney.J Urol. 1958;80:7–9.
[4]. Shoemaker R, Braasch WF. Fused kidneys.J Urol. 1939;41:1–7.
[5]. Looney WW, Dodd DL. An ectopic (pelvic) completely fused (cake) kidney associated with various anomalies of the abdominal viscera. Ann Surg. 1926;84:522–524.

Abstract: Background: The novel corona virus (COVID 19) is the most challenging public health emergency. Against this pandemic background, it is very important to study the effects of infection on pregnancy and its outcome. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of COVID 19 infection on perinatal outcome. Materials and methods: Pregnant women above 37 weeks gestational age, presented to the dept of OBG , GMC, Srikakulam between 1st June 2020 to 31st December 2020 who were in labour or who were about deliver in 5 days were included in the study. Out of these 1998 women who were delivered during this period, 186 women were tested COVID positive and remaining were included in COVID negative group..........

Key words: COVID 19, pandemic, peri natal, neonatal.

[1]. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review Hubba Akhtar, a Chandni Patel, a Eyad Abuelgasim, b Amer Harky c, d aDepartment of Medicine, St George's, University of London, London, UK; bFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; cDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; dDepartment of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
[2]. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: A Clinical Management Protocol and Considerations for Practice. Marta López a Anna Gonce a Eva Meler a Ana Plaza b Sandra Hernández A Raigam J. Martinez-Portilla a Teresa Cobo a Felipe García c Maria Dolores Gómez Roig a Eduard Gratacós a Montse Palacio a Francesc Figueras a on behalf of the COVID Collaborative Group
[3]. Preventive measures and management of COVID‑19 in pregnancy Sumaira Omer1 · Salamat Ali2 · Zaheer ud Din Babar3© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
[4]. Outcome of coronavirus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy:a systematic review and meta-analysis Daniele Di Mascio, MD; Asma Khalil, MD; Gabriele Saccone, MD; Giuseppe Rizzo, MD; Danilo Buca, MD; Marco Liberati, MD; Jacopo Vecchiet, MD; Luigi Nappi, MD; Giovanni Scambia, MD; Vincenzo Berghella, MD.
[5]. Impact of the Coronavirus Infection in Pregnancy: A Preliminary Study of 141 Patients. Arun Harishchandra Nayak1 · Deepali Swapnil Kapote1 · Michelle Fonseca1 · Niranjan Chavan2 · Rahul Mayekar2.Meenal Sarmalkar2 · Amarjeet Bawa2 The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India (July-August 2020) 70(4):256–261 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-020-01335-3.
[6]. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia Huaping Zhu1#, Lin Wang2#, Chengzhi Fang3#, Sicong Peng1 , Lianhong Zhang4 , Guiping Chang5 , Shiwen Xia1 , Wenhao Zhou6 Transl Pediatr 2020;9(1):51-60. | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.02.06

Abstract: Background: Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is a metabolic disorder with devastating complications. It is also treatable and hence, early diagnosis can tremendously alter the patient's prognosis. In this report, we present a 12-year-old boy with behavioral changes including, inappropriate laughter and crying spells due to cortical and subcortical white-matter involvement in a case of Wilson's disease. To the best of our knowledge, cortical and subcortical white matter involvement in a case of Wilson's disease is exceptionally rare. We believe that all clinicians and radiologists when challenged with a case presenting with signs of cortical involvement must be aware of the possibility of this rare presentation of Wilson's disease.

Key words: Cortical and Subcortical white matter involvement in Wilson's disease, face of a giant panda, Wilson's, Hepatolenticular degeneration

[1]. Osborn, A. G. (2017). Inherited Metabolic Disorders / IMDs predominantly affecting gray matter. In Osborn's brain: Imaging, pathology, and anatomy (Second ed., Vol. 2, pp. 989-990). Salt Lake City, UT: Elsevier.
[2]. Daroff, R. B., & Bradley, W. G. (2012). Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders.
[3]. Wiebking C, Walter M, Matthia C, Rotte M, Tempelmann C, Bogerts B, et al. Preceding Attention and the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex : Process Specificity Versus Domain Dependence. 2009;326:312–26.
[4]. Mukherjee S, Solanki B, Guha G, Saha SP. White matter changes in Wilson's disease: A radiological enigma. J Neurosci Rural Pract [Internet]. 2016;7(3):447–9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27365966
[5]. Trocello, J., Woimant, F., Balkhi, S. E., Guichard, J., Poupon, J., Chappuis, P., & Feillet, F. (2013). Extensive striatal, cortical, and white matter brain MRI abnormalities in Wilson disease. Neurology, 81(17), 1557-1557. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a95883

Abstract: Introduction: Lupus nephritis, more commonly known as lupus, is an inflammation of the kidney that is caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is an autoimmune disease. With lupus, the body's immune system targets its body tissues. Lupus nephritis happens when lupus involves the kidneys. The present study focused on the childhood onset of lupus nephritis, its clinical course, morphology, and treatment outcome. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical behavior, the treatment recommendations according to morphological changes, and to improve the management of childhood-onset lupus nephritis Methods: A total of 38 lupus nephritis children, less than 18 years, treated and admitted under the Pediatric Nephrology Department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from July 2017 to December 2019 were included in our study. We recorded the clinical and demographic features, lab variables, treatment, and outcome...........

Key words: Lupus Nephritis, Acute Kidney Injury, Children

[1]. D AE. Pediatric Nephrology: Ellis D. Avner [Internet]. Springer. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2016 [cited 2021Jun20]. Available from: https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783662435953
[2]. Hafeez F, Tarar AM, Saleem R. Lupus nephritis in children. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008 Jan 1;18(1):17-21.
[3]. Bono L, Cameron JS, Hicks JA. The very long-term prognosis and complications of lupus nephritis and its treatment. Qjm. 1999 Apr 1;92(4):211-8.
[4]. Baqi N, Moazami S, Singh A, Ahmad H, Balachandra S, Tejani A. Lupus nephritis in children: a longitudinal study of prognostic factors and therapy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 1996 Jun 1;7(6):924-9.
[5]. Lehman TJ, Sherry DD, Wagner-Weiner L, McCurdy DK, Emery HM, Magilavy DB, Kovalesky A. Intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for lupus nephritis. The Journal of pediatrics. 1989 Jun 1;114(6):1055-60.

Abstract: Lasers at the dentist first gained popularity in the 1990s. Lasers at the dentist are used as a medical tool or as a blending tool.Laser could be a special source of illumination that includes a higher power and higher quality of beam compared to the opposite lightweight sources. The word 'LASER' isn't a replacement term for science and technology. The introduction of lasers to the medicine field has really given a technological boost to the approach clinicians perform variety of procedures. Soft tissue lasers have become standard among the clinicians because of their potential worth in surgical procedures providing surface sterilization, dry surgical field and raised patient acceptance. Oral premalignant lesions of the rima oris like leukoplakia and erythroplakia stay a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Management of such lesions includes observation, excision, ablation.This article briefly describes the use of lasers in oral medicine.

Key words: Argon Lasers, Co2 Lasers, Premalignant Lesions

[1]. Lasers: A Review of Their Applications to Oral Medicine. Alexander Maninagat Luke, Simy Mathew, [...], and Bayan Mohammed Madan
[2]. A Contemporary Apprise on LASERS and its Applications in Dentistry Chaitanya Pendyala, Rahul VC Tiwari, Heena Dixit, Vaishak Augustine, Queentaj Baruah
[3]. Laser in Oral Mucosal Lesions - New tool Susmit Sneha, *, Amit Mhapushar, Santosh Jadhav, Shams Ul Nisa
[4]. Laser at Dentist: A New Tool for Modern Dentistry - Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Sandhya Maheshwari, Raj Kumar Singh, Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
[5]. Laser Use in Dentistry: Review by Evan Frisbee