iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. This manifests as a reduction (hypopnoea) or complete cessation (apnoea) of airflow despite ongoing inspiratory efforts resulting in oxygen desaturation and arousals. Daytime symptoms such as excessive sleepiness are thought to be related to sleep disruption (repetitive arousals) and possibly to recurrent hypoxemia. It is a relatively common condition occurring in 2 to 4 % of males and 1 to 2 % of females in middle age. There are many causes of OSA like obesity, age, enlarged tonsils, narrower natural throat form, smoking and alcohol use etc. The severity of OSA must be established in order to make an appropriate treatment decision..

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep disruption, breathlessness, snoring

[1]. Lim J, Lasserson TJ, Fleetham J, Wright JJ. Oral appliances for obstructive sleep apnoea. Coch Lib 2009;3:321-340.
[2]. Kushida CA, Morgenthaler TI, Littner MR. Practice parameters for the treatment of snoring and obstructive Sleep Apnoea with oral appliances. Sleep 2006; 29:240-243.
[3]. Kumar M. Sleep and sleep disorders. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2008; 50:129-135.
[4]. Lam JC, Sharma SK, lam B. Obstructive sleep apnoea:Definitions, epidemiology and natural history. Indian J Med Res February 2010; 131:165-170.

Abstract: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of nervous system which mainly effects movement. Initial symptoms start slowly, certain times and beginning with tremor in one hand. The reasons to cause this disease are unclear. But it is caused by the dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Also some risk factors including elderly age, genetics and family history are mainly responsible for causing this disease. Some conditions such as tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia also may be occurred. There is no specific cure or treatment of this disease. But there are so effective pharmaceutical drugs or treatment methods that widely used in the patients who suffered with Parkinson disease. To minimize or prevent from this disease early detection and proper diagnosis and treatment should be considered. This review paper we briefly summarizes the pathophysiology and treatment of Parkinson disease.

Keywords: Parkinson disease, dopaminergic neurons, bradykinesia, carbidopa and levodopa

[1]. Kowal, S.L., Dall, T.M., Chakrabarti, R., Storm, M.V. and Jain, A., 2013. The current and projected economic burden of Parkinson's disease in the United States. Movement Disorders, 28(3), pp.311-318. [2]. Jorg, M., Scammells, P.J. and Capuano, B., 2014. The dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors: past, present and future trends for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Current medicinal chemistry, 21(27), pp.3188-3210. [3]. Jankovic, J., 2008. Parkinson's disease: clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery & psychiatry, 79(4), pp.368-376. [4]. National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain), 2006. Parkinson's disease: national clinical guideline for diagnosis and management in primary and secondary care. Royal College of Physicians. [5]. Gelb, D.J., Oliver, E. and Gilman, S., 1999. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Archives of neurology, 56(1), pp.33-39

Abstract: Aim: To study the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) caused by two different type main incisions in phaco-emulsification. Methods: In this prospective randomised controlled study, Sixty-eight eyes of 65 patients who underwent phaco-emulsification were randomly divided into two groups according to main incision type: 2.8 mm superior limbal incision (in Group 1) and 2.8 mm upper clear corneal incision (in Group 2). Surgical techniques did not differ between the groups except for the main incisions. All patients received detailed ophthalmological examination.....

Keyword: Phaco-emulsification, Surgically Induced Astigmatism

[1]. Jackson, T.L. (2008) Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia, 6.
[2]. Henderson, B., Pineda, R., Ament, C., Chen, S. and Kim, J. (2007) Essentials of Cataract Surgery. Slack Incorporated,Online Library, Chapter 2.
[3]. Albert, D.M., Miller, J.W., Azar, D.T. and Blodi, B.A. (2008) Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. 3rd Edition, Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Chapter 120.
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Abstract: Background: Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma. Hypertensive patients are at a risk of developing and progression of Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG) which is a major cause of blindness in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of raised IOP and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending the hypertension clinic at Maharani Laxmi bai medical college, Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to March 2021. Our sample comprised hypertensive patients recruited after obtaining consent. Participants were sampled consecutively and underwent both a general medical and ocular examination. A questionnaire was used to collect data....

Keywords: prevelance, associated factors, raised intraocular pressure, systemic hypertension, glaucoma, maharani Laxmi bai medical college, Jhansi.

[1]. Langman, J.S.M., Lancashire, J.R., Cheng, K.K. and Stewart, M.P. (2005) Systemic Hypertension and Glaucoma: Mechanisms in Common and Co-Occurrence. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 89, 960-963. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.053397
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[5]. Pascolini, D. and Mariotti, S.P. (2012) Global Estimates of Visual Impairment: 2010. The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96, 614-618. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300539

Abstract: Successful endodontic treatment depends on adequate biomechanical preparation, proper disinfection and three dimensional obturation of the root canals. But procedural accidents that occur during clinical practice may compromise the prognosis of the tooth under root canal treatment. Canal transportation is one of the most frequently encountered endodontic mishaps in curved root canals. It results in un-instrumented areas in the original canal and harbor microorganisms which ultimately leads to treatment failure. There are different management strategies for canal transportation either surgical or nonsurgical depending on extent of the defect. This case report is on surgical management of type III canal transportation in curved maxillary lateral incisor with large periapical lesion in which nonsurgical management with MTA barrier method had been failed to achieve a good apical seal.....

Keywords: Apical transportation, Curved root canal, Endodontic mishap, MTA, Periapical lesion, Surgical management

[1]. Eleftheriadis GI, Lambrianidis TP. Technical quality of root canal treatment and detection of iatrogenic errors in an undergraduate dental clinic. Int Endod J 2005: 38: 725–734.
[2]. Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod 2004: 30: 559–567.
[3]. Glossary of endodontics
[4]. Weine F. Endodontic therapy. In: Weine F, ed. Endodontic Therapy, 3rd edn. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1982: 256–340.
[5]. Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971: 32: 271–275..

Abstract: Incomplete root development often arises secondary to pulpal necrosis as a result of trauma or caries. Since completion of root development and apical closure occurs 3 years after eruption, any traumatic injuries or caries during this stage may interfere with dentin formation and hampers root development resulting in wide canal and open apices. Open apex affects proper instrumentation and prevents the achievement of an adequate apical stop. Although apexification procedure is feasible, long term survival of teeth is questionable due to thin and incompletely formed dentinal walls. In young patients, the regenerative endodontic procedure is the ideal treatment option. Two cases presented in this article used revitalization procedure with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a scaffold.....

Keywords: Biodentine, Open apex, Regenerative endodontics, Revascularization.

[1]. Thomson A, Kahler B. Regenerative endodontics-- biologically-based treatment for immature permanent teeth: a case report and review of the literature. Australian dental journal 2010;55:446-452.
[2]. Reynolds K, Johnson JD, Cohenca N. Pulp revascularization of necrotic bilateral bicuspids using a modified novel technique to eliminate potential coronal discolouration: a case report. International endodontic journal 2009;42:84-92.
[3]. Torabinejad M, Corr R, Buhrley M, Wright K, Shabahang S. An animal model to study regenerative endodontics. J Endod 2011;37:197-202.
[4]. Friedlander LT, CullinanMP, Love RM. Dental stem cells and their potential role in apexogenesis and apexification. Int Endod J 2009;42(11):955-62.
[5]. Zhang W, Yelick PC. Vital pulp therapy-current progress of dental pulp regeneration and revascularization. Int J Dent 2010;2010:856087.

Abstract: Background: Noninvasive assessment of diastolic filling by Doppler echocardiography provides important information about left ventricular status. Our study aims the prevalence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) by Echocardiography in Type II DM patients with or without hypertension and also to study the probable factors associated with it for early detection, prevention and treatment of heart failure. Materials and Methods: We did a prospective study in Department of Medicine at Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur from May 2012 to August 2014. We had studied left ventricular function of 100 randomly selected Diabetes Mellitus patients by echocardiography. These patients were divided into two groups, in one group comprising of 50 patients......

Keywords: Echocardiography, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, Retinopathy

[1]. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Sarwar, N., Gao, P., Seshasai, S. R., Gobin, R., Kaptoge, S., Di Angelantonio, E., Ingelsson, E., Lawlor, D. A., Selvin, E., Stampfer, M., Stehouwer, C. D., Lewington, S., Pennells, L., Thompson, A., Sattar, N., White, I. R., Ray, K. K., & Danesh, J. (2010). Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet (London, England), 375(9733), 2215–2222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60484-9 [2]. IDF Diabetes Atlas Ninth edition 2019 [3]. Lakshmi, V. P., & I, S. (2018). Global Statistical Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus With Stress on Prevalence in Asia and Specifically India: a Critical and Clinical Overview. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 9(3), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.09363 [4]. S. R. Ommen, R. A. Nishimura, C. P. Appleton, F. A. Miller, J. K. Oh, M. M. R. and A. J. T. (2000). Clinical Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures : A Comparative Simultaneous Doppler-Catheterization Study. American Heart Association. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1788 [5]. ChingSiewMooi, Chia Yook Chin, Wan Azman Wan Ahmad, Mehrdad Jalalian. Prevalence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction among Hypertensive Adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):713-719 (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.

Abstract: Sinonasal polyp in children usually arise from maxillary sinus which enter choana to become antrochoanal polyp. It is rare to find isolated sphenoidal or sphenochoanal polyp in paediatric population. CT or MRI scan of paranasal sinuses will be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the only modality of treatment as sphenoidal polyp is usually unresponsive to medical management. We present a case series of sphenoidal polyp in paediatric age group.

Keywords: Paediatric Sinonasal polyposis, Endoscopic sinus surgery, Sphenochoanal polyp, Sphenoidal sinusotomy

[1]. Ozbay M, Yorgancilar E, Kinis V, et al. (2012) A rare cause of nasal obstruction: Sphenochoanal polyp. J Clin Exp Invest 3: 435-437.
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Abstract: Sedentary life style appears to be an important risk factor for the devepoment of type 2 diabetes. Lack of adequate age appropriate physical activity is a major factor influencing initiation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim and objectives : to know the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus type 2 in relation to physical activity, exercise and yoga and to recommend measures for prevention and control of diabetes. Material methods: The present study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre, Meerut by house to house survey among adults 30 years and above . Results: it was observed that prevalence of DM was maximum among those who were sedentary worker (20.2%). It was observed that only 43.2% were practicing exercise for........

[1]. Tipton CM. Susruta of India, an unrecognized contributor to the history of exercise physiology. J Appl Physiol 2008;104:1553–6.
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[4]. Mooventhan A. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome: clinical research and reviews. Diabetes Metab. Sydr. 2017 ; 11S343-S346.
[5]. Shiv Prasad Bahal, Sumit Saxena, Anurag Srivastava. Correlates of type-2 diabetes mellitus in urban slums population Moradabad. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018 Jun;5(6):2425-2430

Abstract: Background: Clinicians are in search of suitable scaffold for Regenerative Endodontic Procedure (REP).Most commonly used scaffold in REP includes Blood Clot and Autologous Platelet Concentrates (APC) but the question of superiority of one over another is still inconclusive.
Aim: Comparative evaluation of outcome of REP using Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) separately as scaffold in immature non vital teeth including quantitative assessment of root development among two groups through Radiographic Root Area (RRA).
Method:20 anterior teeth in 15 patients were selected. 1.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid as irrigant and Calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament were used. PRP & PRF were prepared from patients own blood. Equal number......

Key words: PRP, PRF, REP, Radiographic Root Area, Scaffold, Calcific bridge

[1]. Bezgin T, Yilmaz AD, Celik BN, Kolsuz ME, Sonmez H. Efficacy of platelet rich plasma as a scaffold in Rgenerative Endodontic Treatment. J Endod 2015;41:36–44
[2]. Hargreaves KM, Diogenes A, Teixeira FB. Treatment options: Biological basis of regenerative endodontic procedures. J Endod 2013;39 (Suppl 3):S30–43
[3]. Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod 2004;30:196–200[4]. Nosrat A, Homayounfar N, Oloomi K. Drawbacks and unfavorable outcomes of regenerative endodontic treatments of necrotic immature teeth. A literature review and report of a case. J Endod 2012;38:1428-34. [5]. Xu L , Tang L, Jin F, Liu X, Yu J , Wu J, et al.The apical region of developing tooth root constitutes a complex and maintains the ability to generate root and periodontium‐like tissues. Journal of Periodontal Research 2009; 44: 275-282.

Abstract: Background: For postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing open inguinal hernia repair both TAP block and combined ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric blocks are used under ultrasound guidance. (10) Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomised controlled study, 40 patients of ASA physical status I and II belonging to age group of 18-60years undergoing elective open inguinal hernia repair surgery under sub-arachnoid block were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 20patients each, Group A (illioinguinal-illiohypogastric) and Group B (TransverseAbdominisplaneblock). Group A received 20ml of 0.25%(H)Bupivacaine for ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve block and group B received 20ml of 0.25%(H)Bupivacaine for......

Key Word: Ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric,transverseabdominisplane,bupivacine;postoperative analgesia

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