iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the dimensions of lumbar pedicles, carried out to find an index for the Jazan population (KSA) inorder to deduce safety parameters for surgical procedures placements in lumbar region, the correlations between these parameters were according to age, gender and lumbar level.CT scan axial images were taken .200 patient images were analyzed, L1 - L5 ( 1000 vertebrae,2000 pedicles) with the mean age of the total patients was 40years old. Pedicle width, axial length, and transverse angle were determined in each axial image. The results suggested that the largest mean lumbar pedicle width was seen at vertebral level L5 in both males (12.99±1.29mm) and females (13.024±1.05mm) and the least was at vertebral level L1 in both males (5.56±.95mm) and females.......

Keywords: pedicle, vertebra, morphometry, lumbar, transpedicular

[1]. Castro Reyes, C. D., Vidal Torres, O., Cámara Rodríguez, L., Aguirre, P. O. M., Salinas Zertuche, A., de la Garza Castro, O.,&GuzmánLópez, S. .Morphometric characteristics of lumbar vertebral pedicles in Mexican population. Implications for transpedicular lumbar fusion surgery. Journal of Morphological Sciences(2015)., 32(01), 037-042.
[2]. Mohamed Hasen, Al-Habeeb, H., &Molani, F. Morphometry of Vertebrae in Saudi Population with a Comparison to Other Population. Global Spine Journal; 2016.
[3]. Amonoo-Kuofi, Hs. Age-related variations in the horizontal and vertical diameters of the pedicles of the lumbar spine. Journal of Anatomy, 1995, vol. 186, n. Pt 2, p. 321-328. PMid:7649830.
[4]. Prakash Prabhu, LV., Rajanigandha, V., Mangala, MP.,Anu, VR. and Gajendra, S. Morphometry of vertebral pedicles: a comprehensive anatomical study in the lumbar region. International Journal of Morphology, 2007, vol. 25, n. 2, p. 393-406.
[5]. Arman, C., Naderi, S., Kiray, A., Aksu, Ft., Yilmaz, Hs.,Tetik, S. and Korman, E. The human sacrum and safe approaches for screw placement. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2009, vol. 16, n. 8, p. 1046-1049.

Abstract: Background: In the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, early and rapid case detection is of paramount importance to impact patient management. Routine real time RT-PCR test, the gold standard test for SARS-CoV-2 detection, is time consuming and requires skilled manpower. With number of molecular assays receiving emergency use authorization from US-FDA, Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Xpert) assay, an automated, rapid molecular point-of-care test, has received emergency use authorization for COVID-19 testing on 20th March 2020.
Materials and Methods: A diagnostic evaluation study was conducted in the molecular laboratory of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 102 nasopharyngeal samples, collected from clinically suspected COVID-19 cases, were tested by Xpert assay and real time RT-PCR test following manufacturer instructions. The performance characteristics of the Xpert assay......

Key Word: COVID-19 diagnostics, SARS-CoV-2, Cepheid Xpert Xpress, RT-PCR, Point-of-care test

[1]. Moran, A., Beavis, K., Matushek, S., Ciaglia, C., Francois, N., Tesic, V. and Love, N., 2020. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Use of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 Assays. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 58(8):1-2.
[2]. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. Covid19.who.int. 2020 [cited 25 December 2020]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
[3]. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020 Mar 19;91(1):157-160. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397. PMID: 32191675; PMCID: PMC7569573.
[4]. Bayot, M. and Sanchez, R., 2020. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Testing Using the Genexpert System: A Technical Guide on Laboratory Systems Strengthening for COVID-19 Pandemic Response 1St Edition. [online] www.researchgate.net. Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341161970> [Accessed 24 December 2020].
[5]. Wolters F, van de Bovenkamp J, van den Bosch B, van den Brink S, Broeders M, Chung N et al. Multi-center evaluation of cepheid xpert® xpress SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care test during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Journal of ClinicalVirology.2020;128:1-4.
[6]. Corman V, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu D et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(3):1-7.

Abstract: Background: Pregnancy represents a unique immune condition that is modulated, but not suppressed. However, it is unknown how COVID-19 infection behaves in key populations such as pregnant women. The impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women and their neonates is an area of research interest. To date, there is limited knowledge about outcome of pregnancy with COVID-19 positive mothers and any correlation with ΔCt values. Material and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study from April 2020 to December 2020 where nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 pregnant women were tested for the presence of SARS CoV-2 RNA using RT-PCR. The ΔCt value of RT-PCR assay of all positive mothers were followed and outcomes such as gestational age at the time of delivery.......

Keywords: SARS CoV-2, COVID-19, RT-PCR, pregnancy outcome.

[1]. Gupta P, Kumar S, Sharma S, et al. SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence and maternal‐perinatal outcomes among pregnant women admitted for delivery: Experience from COVID‐19‐dedicated maternity hospital in Jammu and Kashmir (India)
[2]. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy: A Clinical Management Protocol and Considerations for Practice Marta Lópeza Anna Goncea Eva Melera Ana Plazab Sandra Hernándeza Raigam etal.
[3]. Guidelines for pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, LANCET
[4]. Juan J, Gil MM, Rong Z, et al. Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;56(1):15‐27
[5]. Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho 2, Layze Braz de Oliveira et al. Effects of COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy and Neonatal Prognosis: What Is the Evidence?

Abstract: Covid 19 pandemic is spreading across the globe with diverse clinical presentations & a variable course. While the initial reports of COVID-19 pandemic, the infection was expected to be confer immunity with a non-relapsing disease course1, the immunity offered following an attack of the infection or vaccination is debatable. The case reports of reinfection from the other parts of the globe report a reinfection which might be a reactivation of a previous infection, with a varying presentation of an increased or milder severity. 1,2,3,4 We present an interesting case of Covid 19 infection occurring 3 times in a single patient, during a time span of 12 months.

[1]. Gousseff M, Penot P, Gallay L, Batisse D, Benech N, Bouiller K, et al. Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? J Infect. 2020 Nov;81(5):816–46.
[2]. Nachmias V, Fusman R, Mann S, Koren G. The first case of documented Covid-19 reinfection in Israel. IDCases. 2020;22:e00970.
[3]. Selvaraj V, Herman K, Dapaah-Afriyie K. Severe, Symptomatic Reinfection in a Patient with COVID-19. R I Med J (2013). 2020 Nov 9;103(10):24–6.
[4]. Torres D de A, Ribeiro L do CB, Riello AP de FL, Horovitz DDG, Pinto LFR, Croda J. Reinfection of COVID-19 after 3 months with a distinct and more aggressive clinical presentation: Case report. J Med Virol. 2021 Apr;93(4):1857–9.
[5]. Parry J. Covid-19: Hong Kong scientists report first confirmed case of reinfection. BMJ. 2020 Aug 26;370:m3340

Abstract: Background: The spectrum of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) varies from place to place within the country. Aim: The present study evaluated clinical profile of HNC at a tertiary care centre. Methods: This study was conducted over a period of 6 months between Jan 2019 to Jun 2010 at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka. Data weregathered with context to age, sex, site involved and risk factors. Results: Fifty patients were included during the study period. Fifty-two percent patients aged above 40 years. Male predominated females with a ratio of 4:1. Fifty percent of the patients had education of up to 12th standard. Forty percent of the patients were laborers.....

Key words: Head and Neck Cancer, Smoking, Tobacco

[1]. Sanghvi LD, Rao DN, Joshi S. Epidemiology of head and neck. Semin Surg Oncol 1989;5:305-9
[2]. Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Winn DM, Austin DF, Greenberg RS, Preston-Martin S, et al. Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res1988;48:3282-7.
[3]. 3.Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V, Eluf Neto J, Shangina O, Zaridze D, et al. Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus: Results of two multicentric case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol2007;166:1159-73
[4]. Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2005;14:467-75.
[5]. Sapkota A, Gajalakshmi V, Jetly DH, Roychowdhury S, Dikshit RP, Brennan P, et al. Smokeless tobacco and increased risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers: A multicentric case-control study from India. Int J Cancer 2007;121:1793-8.

Abstract: Background: Benign Vocal Cord lesions are a commonly seen clinical entity. The most common presenting complaint is change in voice, patients seek attention early for their problems which helps in early diagnosis and intervention. Aim: To determine the clinical profile, factors associated with benign vocal cord lesions and describe the various modalities of management of benign vocal cord lesions. Methodology:Retrospective record-based studywas conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, form period of January 2017 to December 2019 after getting approval from institutional ethics committee.All patients' records with benign......

Keywords: Benign lesions, vocal cords, management.

[1]. Altman KW. Vocal fold masses. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007;40:1091–108, viii.
[2]. Sharma M, Kumar S, Goel M, Angral S, Kapoor M. A Clinical Study of Benign Lesions of Larynx. 2015;2:7.
[3]. Yadav SP, Sahni JK, Raj B, Chawla RK, Yadav J, Singh B. Laryngeal cyst-causing haemoptysis. An unusual presentation. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1986;28:50–1.
[4]. Huang D-Y, Yang W-Y, Yu P, He Y, Han D-Y. [Case-control survey on risk factors of benign vocal fold lesions]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2008;43:120–4.
[5]. Siddapur GK, Siddapur KR. Comparative study of benign vocal fold lesions in a tertiary health centre. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;1:65–8.

Abstract: Background: Endosseous implant insertion in the atrophic maxilla often proves complicated due to unavailability or lack of adequate bone support. Elevation of the maxillary sinus floor with bone substitutes has been proven to be a reliable treatment modality. This article aims to explore the maxillary sinus anatomy and review the present literature so as to help clinicians to diagnose in a more elaborate form and enabling them to perform safer surgeries for maxillary sinus elevation.

Keywords: Maxillary Sinus, Posterior Maxilla, Sinus floor augmentation

[1]. Stefan Lundgren, Giovanni Cricchio, Mats Hallman et al. Sinus floor elevation procedures to enable implant placement and integration: techniques, biological aspects and clinical outcomes Periodontology 2000, Vol. 73, 2017, 103–120
[2]. Carl E Misch, Contemporary implant dentistry , 3rd Edition & 4th Edition
[3]. Edward S. Cohen, Atlas Of Cosmetic And Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery, Third Edition
[4]. Paul S. Tiwana, George H. Maxillary sinus augmentation, Dent Clin N Am 2006 (409-424).
[5]. Shalubathla ,Ramesh Ram, ,KomalMajumdar Maxillary sinus augmentation, J Indian SocPeriodontol. 2018 Nov-Dec; 22(6): 468–473

Abstract: This study was done for comparative assessment of outcomes between hemorrhoidectomy with or without lateral internal sphincterotomy regarding pain, bleeding, urinary retention, and wound healing.
Method: 96 patients with non resolving grade ii, grade iii, and grade iv internal/interno-external hemorrhoids were included in study and were divided in two groups by random sampling. In first group (group A), patients were treated by Milligan Morgan technique and second group (group B) by Milligan Morgan technique plus lateral internal sphincterotomy. Type of anesthesia and other factors were kept uniform. Comparative assessments were done regarding postoperative pain, retention of urine, bleeding, and wound healing between both groups at 24 hours, 48 hours, seven.......

Keywords: lateral internal sphincterotomy, hemorrhoidectomy

[1]. Loder PB, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, Phillips RKS. Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology. Br J Surg 1995; 81: 946–954.)
[2]. Williams NS. The anus and anal canal. In: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of surgery. 25th ed. London, England: Arnold; 2008.1253-59.)
[3]. Kodner IJ, Fry RD, Fleshmen JW, Birnbaum EH. Colon, Rectum, and Anus. In: Principles of Surgery. 7th ed. United States of America.McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division; 1999.1295-97.)
[4]. Eisenhammer S. Internal anal sphincterotomy plus free dilatation versus anal stretch procedure for hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 1974; 17(4):493-522)
[5]. Ho YH, Tan M. Ambulatory anorectal manometric findings in patients before and after haemorrhoidectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis 1997; 12: 296–297)

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate a new surgical technique for the management of peripheral ulcerative keratitisby tucking-in of bowman's membrane lenticule over the ulcer defect. Methodology: A total of 11 eyes of 11 patients with peripheral ulcerative keratitis were treated surgically where a donor bowman's membrane was harvested resembling the contours of the ulcer and after making a recess in the anterior one-third of stroma all around 360 degrees was tucked underneath ulcer edges. Healing (stable epithelization at 6 months) and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were taken as the primary outcomes. Results:Total eleven patients were enrolled, seven males (64.30%) and four females (34.30%) with age ranging between 45 years to 85 years. The mean age being 64.090 ± 13.0555 years. Mean epithelizationtime in weeks was 2.181818 ± 0.7158........

Keywords: Bowman's membrane lenticule, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, Corneal transplantation, Graft tuck-in, recess

[1]. Robin JB, Schanzlin DJ et al. Peripheral Corneal Disorders. Survophthalmol. 1986; 31:1
[2]. Yogita Gupta, Alisha Kishore, Pooja Kumari, Neelima Balakrishnan, NeiweteLomi, Noopur Gupta, M. Vanathi, Radhika Tandon,Peripheral ulcerative keratitis, Survey of Ophthalmology,2021
[3]. . Gottsch JD, Liu SH. Cloning and expression of human corneal calgranulin C (CO-Ag). Curr Eye Res 1998;17:870–4
[4]. Dana RM, Quin Y, Hamrah P. Twenty-five-year panorama of corneal immunology. Emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of microbial keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and corneal transplant rejection. Cornea 2000;19:625–43
[5]. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37(2):187-92

Abstract: Introduction: The key to effective therapeutic management of asthma is patient level risk stratification and disease characterisation. There is a lacuna in the literature in understanding the patient profile of Indian asthmatics. So, the current study was conducted to asses various risk factors associated with bronchial asthma, various modes of presentations, severity and complications of asthma. Methods: It was cross sectional study consisting of 100 patients with bronchial asthma. Demographic details, Risk factors associated with bronchial asthma and clinical symptoms (cough with or without expectoration, wheeze, chest tightness, shortness.......

Keywords: Bronchial Asthma, Clinical Profile, Risk Factors, Risk Stratification

[1]. 2015 Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention in Children 5 Years and Younger - Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA [Internet]. [cited 18 March 2018]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/Pocket-Guide-for-Asthma-Management-and-Prevention-in-Children-5-Years-and-Younger/.
[2]. Yáñez A, Soria M, De Barayazarra S, Recuero N, Rovira F, Jares E et al. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities of elderly asthmatics who attend allergy clinics. Asthma Research and Practice. 2018;4:5
[3]. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009 Jun 1;64(6):476-83
[4]. Global Initiative for Asthma (2018). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2018
[5]. Paramesh H. Epidemiology of asthma in India. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2002;69(4):309-312.

Abstract: Background: A thoracic injury is any form of physical injury to the chest including the component of chest wall (ribs) and thoracic cavity (heart, oesophagus, pleura, vessels and lungs). Thoracic injury accounts for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury and it causes death in additional 50% of multiple trauma patients, usually as a result of hypoxia and hypovolemia. Blunt chest trauma is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality . Aim: To assess the frequency of different types of injuries caused by blunt trauma chest with special reference to Rib fracture and its outcome. Material and methods: We carried out a prospective observational study to assess the prevalence of chest injury patients in Department......

Keywords: Blunt thoracic trauma, Rib fracture, Injury severity score (ISS), Abbreviated injury severity score (AIS).

[1]. Haddon W Jr. The changing approach to epidemiology, prevention, and amelioration of trauma: the transition to approaches etiologically rather than descriptively based. Am J Public Health 1968;58:1431.
[2]. McQueen KA, Hagberg C, McCunn M (2014) The Global trauma burden in low and middle income countries. Am Soc Anesth 78(6): 16-19p.
[3]. World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, WHO/World Bank. 2000.
[4]. World Health Organization, save millions of lives, Geneva, 2011, Decade of Action for road safety 2011-2020;(March 2010).
[5]. E. Q. Haxhija, H. Nöres, P. Schober and M. E. Höllwarth. Lung contusion-lacerations after blunt thoracic trauma in children Pediatric Surgery International 2004; 20(6): 412414, DOI: 10.1007/s00383-004-1165-z.