iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2021

Abstract: ThepresentinvitrostudywasundertakentoanalyseandcomparethedemineralizingeffectsofGrape seed extract (GSE), Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) with 900ppmfluoride (CPP –ACFP) separately and evaluate the combined effects of GSE with CPP-ACFP using pH cycling model. Thirty freshly extracted third molar teeth were fragmented into dentin slabs of 1mm thickness and were kept in 4 separate jars labelled as A,B,C,D and subjected to demineralization solution . Sample-A was the control group, Sample-B was immersed in GSE with phosphate buffer, Sample-C was immersed in CPP-ACFP with acidic buffer and Sample-D was immersed in GSE+CPP-ACFP in neutral buffer. This pH cycling procedure was repeated 6 times per day for.......

Keywords: Grape seed extract, proanthocyanidin, remineralization, calcium phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate, coronaldentin

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Abstract: Background: Post‑operative sore throat (POST) occurs in 21–65% of patients. Ketorolac used earlier for reducing POST has limitations. Objective: The aim of this study was to see if injected Ketorolac reduces POST. Methods: The Study was conducted in the department of ENT of Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College & Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the common indications of severity of post-operative sore throat. 31 cases were randomly selected for the study whose common indication of severity of post-operative sore throat. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from July 2019 to June 2020. Other necessary investigations were done if clinically indicated......

Keywords: Ketorolac, injected, post‑operative sore throat, tracheal intubation

[1]. Higgins PP, Chung F, Mezei G. Postoperative sore throat after ambulatory surgery. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:582‑4.
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[4]. Sumathi PA, Shenoy T, Ambareesha M, Krishna HM. Controlled comparison between betamethasone gel and lidocaine jelly applied over tracheal tube to reduce postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of voice. Br J Anaesth 2008;100:215‑8.
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Abstract: Thyroid disorders and associated nodular enlargement of thyroid gland is very common.Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid has been introduced as most reliable and cost effective methods for diagnosing clinically important thyroid disorders. To eliminate confusion Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) has been implemented with main objective being to standardise the diagnostic terminology. Objectives: This study aims to study and classify various cytomorphological lesions of the thyroid according to The Bethesda System for Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) Material and Methods:. We did a one year retrospective study of results of FNAC in thyroid lesions in Dr Shankarrao chavan government medical college,Vishnupuri, Nanded . Fine needle aspiration done on 100 patients with palpable thyroid lesions were analyzed and classified according to TBSRTC. Results:Out of total 100 cases......

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Abstract: Background: Adjuvants are frequently added to local anaesthetics to prolong analgesia following peripheral nerve blockade. The present study evaluated the effect of adding dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine for ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block(SCB) in patients undergoing upper limb orthopaedic surgeries. Material and Methods: The 72 eligible patients randomised into two groups of 36 each by flipping the coin. Those getting heads on the coin received block with dexmedetomidine 1 g/kg (1 mL) with 25 mL ropivacaine 0.5% and those getting tails received 25 mL ropivacaine 0.5% only with 1 mL normal saline. All the patients received Ultrasound guided supraclavicular.....

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Ropivacaine, Ultrasound

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[2]. Murphy DB, McCartney CJ, Chan VW. Novel analgesic adjuncts for brachial plexus block: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1122-8.
[3]. Rutkowska K, Knapik P, Misiolek H. The effect of dexmedetomidine sedation on brachial plexus block in patients with end-stage renal disease. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009;26:851-5
[4]. Brummett CM, Norat MA, Palmisano JM, Lydic R. Perineural Administration of Dexmedetomidine in Combination with Bupivacaine Enhances Sensory and Motor Blockade in Sciatic Nerve Block without Inducing Neurotoxicity in the Rat. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:502–11.
[5]. Rashmi HD, Komala HK. Effect of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to 0.75% Ropivacaine in Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block Using Nerve Stimulator: A Prospective, Randomized Double-blind Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2017;11:134–9.

Abstract: Objective: Adjuvants enhance and prolong analgesia, lower the dose requirements and reduce the dose dependent side effects of local anaesthetics but there is limited data comparing different alpha 2 agonists as intrathecal additives. This study aims to compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia. Method: A total of 60 patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery under spinal anaesthesia were included in study. Patients were randomly assigned into following two groups. Group A (n=30)- patients received 12.5 mg (2.5ml) of 0.5% bupivacaine along......

Keywords: Adjuvants, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine

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[2]. Covino, BJ and Wildsmith, JA. Clinical pharmacology of local anesthetic agents. in: MJ 23 Cousins, PO Bridenbaugh (Eds.) Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and Management of Pain.Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA; 1998: 97–128.
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Abstract: Background: Knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It is supported by several extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments. Among which anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is responsible for large part of knee stability. It not only prevents anterior translation of knee joint but also gives rotational strength. This mandates the importance of ACL reconstruction in case of tears with proven excellent functional outcomes. Arthroscopic reconstruction of knee ligaments has advantages of small surgical scars, less hemorrhage, less postoperative pain, low rate of infection, minimal hospital stay, early mobilization, rapid recovery and good compliance to rehabilitation. Semitendinosus autograft is more commonly used because of easy harvesting, no donor site morbidity as seen with bone patellar tendon bone grafts, no loss of extensor mechanism and tensile strength of quadrupled graft.......

Keywords: ACL tear, Arthroscopic reconstruction, Functional outcome.

[1]. Meighan AA, Keating JF, Will E. Outcome after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in athletic patients. A comparison of early versus delayed surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85:521-4.
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[5]. Chaudhary D, Monga P, Joshi D, Easwaran R, Bhatia N, Singh AK. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patellar tendonbone autograft: Experience of the first 100 cases. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2005; 13(2):147-152.

Abstract: Background School children are prone to injuries during sporting activities and other extra-curricular activities while in school. Knowledge of first aid is needed to handle emergencies in schools. Teachers are the closest adults to school children so should be properly trained and equipped to administer first aid to children. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and practice of first aid among teachers. Materials and Methods Four hundred teachers who gave consent participated in the study. Study was conducted among private school teachers in Abia state, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants until sample size was reached. Data was collected using pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was presented in frequency......

Keywords: Perception, Practice, First aid, Teachers, Secondary school, Aba, Abia state

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Abstract: Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment, affecting 93 million people worldwide .Of these, 28 million have vision-threatening DR. Vision loss in DR is most commonly due to diabetic macular oedema (DMO), Development of drugs which target VEGF have revolutionised the management approach in DMO and have an expanding growing role in the management of DR. These anti-VEGF drugs have been reported to be safe and effective through multiple clinical trials. Since there are few studies comparing Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab, we have selected this study to evaluate the effect of intravitreal Bevacizumab compared with Ranibizumab for diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: In this prospective,comparative, randomised controlled study, 30 patients with diabetic retinopathy who came......

Keywords: Intravitreal; bevacizumab; ranibizumab; diabetic retinopathy; anti-vegf

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Abstract: Distal radial fracture is the most common fracture seen in the emergency department, with over 640.000 such fractures occurring each year in the United States. The volar locking plating system has become increasingly popular as a fixation technique in the United States1-2 because the best treatment for an inadequately reduced fracture of distal radius whit the volar exposure gives wide access to the distal part of the radius, thus facilitating the reduction of the fracture fragments for patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation. But in the Highland region general Hospital, there are not reviews postoperative whit volar plate of fracture distal radius. Objects: to anatomical outcome, early assessment of treatment results surgery of distal radius fracture......

Keywords: fracture, distal radius, internal fixation, volar plate

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[4]. Gong, H. S., Cho, H. E., Kim, J., Kim, M. B., Lee, Y. H., & Baek, G. H. (2015). Surgical treatment of acute distal radioulnar joint instability associated with distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Eur Vol, 40(8), 783-789. doi: 10.1177/1753193415588478
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