iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Background and Aim:The most frequent cause ofthyroid dysfunctionin T2DM may be owing to aberrant gene expression together with physiological anomalies that result in worse muscle glucose uptake and disposal, excessive hepatic glucose output, and improved splanchnic glucose absorption.The aim of the current investigation was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods:The current study was a cross-sectional analysis of individuals with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in anoutpatient department at a tertiary care facility.A totalof 600 patients were included in the present research.A thorough history was obtained regarding the patient's duration of diabetes, the existence of diabetes in other family members, and the review of treatment records.The blood sugar level and thyroid function tests were performed and compared......

Keywords: Blood Sugar level, Cross-sectional, Thyroid Dysfunction, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

[1]. care, A. D. A. J. D. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. 2009, 32, S62-S67.
[2]. Galicia-Garcia, U.; Benito-Vicente, A.; Jebari, S.; Larrea-Sebal, A.; Siddiqi, H.; Uribe, K. B.; Ostolaza, H.; Martín, C. J. I. j. o. m. s. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 2020, 21, 6275.
[3]. Wang, C. J. J. o. d. r. The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and related thyroid diseases. 2013, 2013.
[4]. Sharma, N. J. J. o. P. N. R. Prevalence Of Hypothyroidism In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 2022, 2973-2975.
[5]. Biondi, B.; Kahaly, G. J.; Robertson, R. P. J. E. r. Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus: two closely associated disorders. 2019, 40, 789-824.

Abstract: Background: Accessory navicular bone (ANB) is the second most common accessory bone in the foot with incidence of 4%-20% in the general population.Due to its particular anatomical location in the foot and the biomechanics of locomotion, this accessory ossicle may initially seem unimportant but can really cause severe pain, morbidity, and even deformity that can lead to flat feet. Most cases are asymptomatic and can be only an incidental finding on plain radiograph of the foot. Accessory navicular syndrome (ANS) or Osnaviculare syndrome is simply a symptomatic accessory navicular and is usually associated with medial foot discomfort and tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction and thus increasing risk for flat foot deformity especially in young people and in women........

[1]. Romanowski CA, Barrington NA. The accessory navicular - an important cause of medial foot pain. Clin Radiol. 1992; 46:261-264.
[2]. Silva TW, Duggal NS and Gopalraj RK. A Curious Case of Midfoot Pain. J Fam Med.2016; 3(9): 1086. ISSN: 2380-0658
[3]. Kidner FC. The prehallux (accessory scaphoid) in its relation to flat-foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1929; 11: 831-7.
[4]. Perdikakis E, Grigoraki E, Karantanas A. Osnaviculare: the multi-ossicle configuration of a normal variant. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40: 85-8.
[5]. Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CJ, Anderson RB. Sesamoids and accessory bones of the foot: Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Anderson RB. Mann's Surgery of the Foot and Ankle Ninth, Edition. Vol 9 Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2014:544-551..

Abstract: Birth weight is not only a critical determinant of child survival, growth and development but also a valuable indicator of maternal health, nutrition and quality of life......

[1]. Kotabal R, Hebbali LP, RatnagaranR.Study on the factors associated with low birth weight among newborns delivered in a tertiary-care hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka. International Journal of medical science and public health 2015; 4 (9):1287-129
[2]. Joshi HS, Srivastava PC, Agnihotri AK, Joshi MC, Chandra S, Mahajan V. Risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) babies and its medico-legal significance: J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2010; 32(3):213-215.
[3]. Agarwal K, Agarwal A, Agarwal VK, Agrawal P, Chaudhary V. Prevelance and determinants of low birth weight among institutional deliveries; Annals of Nigerian Medicine 2011; 5 (2):48-52.
[4]. Arati Deka, Niru Prabha Saharia, Ankita Bihani, A study on maternal factors associated with low birth weight newborns,nijp,v7n2,2017

Abstract: Background Ectopic pregnancy is quite common in developing countries, and predominantly caused by tubal disease, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Objective The objective of this study is to determine the factors in women with PID that are associated with ectopic pregnancy, with respect to maternal demographic factors, pelvic pathological findings on ultrasound scan, and the pathogenic microorganism isolated on endocervical culture. Materials and methods This was a case control.....

Key words: Pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, predictor variables.

[1]. David A Lewis. HIV/sexually transmitted infection epidemiology, management and control in the IUSTI Africa region: focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Sex Transm Infect 2011; 87: 10- 3. doi:10.1136/sextrans-2011-050178
[2]. Kristen Kreisel, Elizabeth Torrone, Kyle Bernstein, Jaeyoung Hong, Rachel Gorwitz. Prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease in sexually experienced women of reproductive age in United States. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2017; 66(3): 80 – 3.
[3]. Kani J, Adler MW. Epidemiology of pelvic disease. In: Bergers GS, Westrom L, editors. Inflammatory diseases. New York: Raven press; 1992.
[4]. Rent M, Bass D, Ness R. B, Haggerty C. Recurrent PID, subsequent STI, and reproductive health outcomes: findings from the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. Sex Transm Dis. 2011; 38(9): 879 – 81.
[5]. Robert C. Brunham, Sami L. Gottlieb, Jorma Paavonen. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2039 - 48. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1411426

Abstract: BACKGROUND - Most recommendations on BP measurement and hypertension have stated that BP should be measured in both arms This present study was conducted to assess the relation of interarm blood pressure difference with family history of hypertension. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE – Primary objective was to find the association of raised IAD in BP with FH of hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The secondary objective was to find a correlation of raised IAD in BP with anthropometric parameters......

KEY WORDS: Cardio Vascular Diseases; Inter-arm Difference in Blood Pressure; Mean Arterial Blood Pressure; Peripheral vascular disease

[1]. Gopalakrishnan S et al. Evaluation of inter-arm difference in blood pressure as predictor of vascular diseases among urban adults in Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2018 ; 7(1): 142–146.
[2]. Christopher E. Clark. Inter-arm blood pressure difference, when is it a useful risk marker for cardiovascular events? Journal of human hypertension.2022;36:117-119.
[3]. Christopher E. Clark. Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in People With Diabetes: Measurement and Vascular and Mortality Implications: A Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(6):1613–1620.
[4]. Methre ST et al. Correlation of interarm blood pressure difference with family history of hypertension, anthropometric parameters, and mean arterial blood pressure in normotensive people. National journal of physiology, pharmacy and pharmacology. 2021;11(1):23-27.
[5]. Agarwal R et al. Prognostic significance of between-arm blood pressure differences. Hypertension,2008;51(3):657-662.

Abstract: Background Common lower respiratory tract infections in children are pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Most common causes of LRIs are respiratory syncytial viruses, which tend to be more seasonal, unlike parainfluenza viruses.Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical symptoms and is usually verified with a chest X-ray. Ultrasonography (USG) is an alternative method which can be used for the early detection of pneumonia complications like pleural effusion. Since studies on comparison of chest X ray and USG are less in India, the current study was undertaken, this study was done to correlate findings of chest X ray with USG in detecting lower respiratory tract infections......

Key Words: Chest X Ray, ultrasonography, lowerrespiratory tract infections, observationalstudy, children

[1]. Monto A. S., Ullman B. M. Acute Respiratory Illness in an American Community: The Tecumseh Study. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1974;227(2):164–69. [PubMed]
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[3]. Vuori-Holopainen E., Peltola H. Reappraisal of Lung Tap: Review of an Old Method for Better Etiologic Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2001;32(5):715–26. [PubMed]
[4]. Cutts F. T., Zaman S. M. A., Enwere G., Jaffar S., Levine O. S., Okoko J. B. et al. Efficacy of Nine-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in The Gambia: Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9465):1139–46. [PubMed]
[5]. Boggs W. Point-of-care ultrasound diagnoses pneumonia in children. Medscape Medical News. January 9, 2013

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the reasons for referral of patients received at SMGS Jammu. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at SMGS Jammu during a study period from August 2021 to January 2022. The study sample consisted of patients referred to SMGS Hospital. RESULTS: The proportion of Referral cases to our tertiary care hospital was 11.4%. Maximum number of patients were in the age group 20-30 yrs and were unbooked. Mostly patients were referred for Anemia, followed by Hypertensive disorders, followed by Hemorrhage. Among all the referred patients, number of patients delivered vaginally were 37.7%. 6.4% of Referred cases were admitted to Obstetric ICU. Maternal Deaths were 0.62% out of total referred cases.......

Key Words: Referral cases, Hypertensive disorders, Hemorrhage. Vaginal deliver &Obstetric ICU.

[1]. Ohn HT, Patrick DC, Zaw W et al. Inter-hospital emergency obstetric referrals to the labour ward of RIPAS Hospital Brunei Int Med J. 2011; 7(1): 22-33.
[2]. Rathi C, Gajria K, Soni N. Review of referred obstetric cases – Maternal and Perinatal Outcome. Bombay Hosp J. 2010; 52(1): 52-6.
[3]. Devineni K, Sodumu N. A study of spectrum of referral pattern at a tertiary teaching hospital towards better obstetric care. IAIM 2016;3(8):193- 198.
[4]. World Health Organization, UNICEF, UNFPA; The World Bank & The United Nations Population Division. (2014). Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990-2013. Estimated By WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank & The United Nations Population Division. Geneva: WHO.
[5]. Shilpa SB, Anand PK. Study of obstetric referrals to teaching institute. Indian J Appl Res. 2013; 3(7), 469-71.

Abstract: Background: An understanding of the medical causes of infertility is crucial in order to reduce incidences of Infertility and for improving the clinical management of infertility. Objectives and Aiims: The aims were to study the causes of infertility and to calculate the proportion of the individual factors contributing to it in the population coming to a tertiary level public health facility. Setting and Design: This cross-sectional, observational study was done in an infertility clinic in a medical college and government hospital. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 120 couples who came for infertility evaluation and treatment. Cause of infertility in the couple......

Key Words: Infertility, male factor infertility, oligospermia, prevalence, public sector

[1]. A.T. Fidler, J. BernsteinInfertility: from a personal to a public health problem.Publ Health Rep, 114 (6) (1999 Nov), p. 494
[2]. Patel, P.S. Sharma, P. Kumar.Sociocultural determinants of infertility stress in patients undergoing fertility treatments.J Hum Reprod Sci, 11 (2) (2018 Apr), p. 172
[3]. P.C. Adamson, K. Krupp, A.H. Freeman, J et al. Prevalence & correlates of primary infertility among young women in Mysore, India.Indian J Med Res, 134 (4) (2011 Oct), p. 440
[4]. S. Ganguly, S. Unisa.Trends of infertility and childlessness in India: findings from NFHS data.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn, 2 (2) (2010), p. 131
[5]. S. Gurunath, Z. Pandian, R.A. Anderson, et al. Defining infertility—a systematic review of prevalence studies.HumReprod Update, 17 (5) (2011 Sep 1), pp. 575-588

Abstract: Background:Hydatid cyst disease or cystic echinococcosis(CE) is a zoonosis affecting lungs and liver causing a major health care problem with significant morbidity in endemic areas. Objective: To assess various risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment modalities employed in treatment of Hydatid cyst disease patients. Methodology: A prospective observational study involving 25 patients of hospitalized patients was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2016 to October 2018. Clinical examination, radiological diagnosis and pathological evaluation of all the patients were performed. Chemotherapy with albendazole(10 mg/kg) and surgical removal of cyst were main stay of therapy employed for patients with follow up for 6 months to 2 years. Results:28% of patients in study......

Key Words: hydatid disease, cystic echinococcosis, surgical management of CE, albendazole

[1]. Romig T, Dinkel A, Mackenstedt U. The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe. ParasitolInt 2006;55:S187—91.
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[3]. Deplazes P, Rinaldi L, Alvarez Rojas CA, et al. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. AdvParasitol. 2017;95: 315–493.
[4]. Parikh F. Echinococcosis cut to cure but what about control? J Assoc Physicians India. 2012; 60:9–10.
[5]. Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects of Echinococcosis, a Zoonosis of Increasing Concern. ClinMicrobiol Rev 2004; 17: 107–135.

Abstract: Background: Foot ulcerations, infections and peripheral arterial disease are major complications of diabetes leading to serious consequences like gangrene and/or amputation. Objectives: To analyse different target interventions to predict wound healing and major amputation for salvation of limb in patients with diabetic foot ulceration. Methodology: In this prospective study, patients showing clinical signs of diabetes foot ulcers were studied for their demographic variables, clinical parameters, haematological and radiological investigations and different treatment modalities used for management and analysed statistically......

Key Words: Diabetes foot, complications of diabetes, gangrene, amputation, management of diabetes complications.

[1]. IDF diabetes atlas, 6th edition. Available at: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas. Accessed November 13, 2015.
[2]. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization, Geneva2011.
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[5]. Pei E., Li J., Lu C., Xu J., Tang T., Ye M. and et al. Effects of lipids and lipoproteins on diabetic foot in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complicat, 28 (2014), pp. 559-564

Abstract: Suicide is a complex human behaviour, which has biological, psychological, and social causes. It is among the leading causes of premature death among the economically productive population. Stressful life events are one of the reasons for attempted suicide. A cross-sectional study of among 80 suicide attempters admitted in intensive care unit was done. Presumptive stressful life events were assessed in relation to the suicidal intent and coping strategies. In this study half of the suicide attempters were having high intent and negative life events like interpersonal conflicts which were marriage related, financial difficulties and personal illnesses were commonly seen. High intent attempters were having more stressful life events and there was no statistically significant correlation between coping strategies and stressful life events.

Key Words: Suicide attempt, Stressful life events, Coping, Suicide intent, Marriage conflict

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[5]. Singh, G., Kaur, D., & Kaur, H. (1984). Presumptive stressful life events scale (PSLES): A new stressful life events scale for use in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 26 (2), 107–114