iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Children born from consanguineous marriages are more likely to have Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome, an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition. In addition to obesity, limb abnormalities, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal illness, it is marked by early-onset retinal degeneration. We describe a 4-year-old boy's case in this report who complained of night blindness. He had retinitis pigmentosa with subsequent optic atrophy, polydactyly, central obesity, and hypogonadism. The patient was identified as having LMBBS.

Keywords: Laurence Moon Bardet Biedl syndrome (LMBBS), Retinal dystrophy, polydactyly

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Abstract: Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic parameters of supracondylar humeral fractures in children admitted to a tertiary hospital. Methods: Records of all cases of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures reporting to this hospital were analysed for various epidemiologic parameters including age, sex, laterality, time of presentation, associated injuries, neurovascular complications and classification over a period of four years. Results: We analysed a total of 600 patients and most of the fractures were seen in 5to9-year age group with a mean of 7.4 years. A total of 390 cases were males and non-dominant extremity was involved in 72% of fractures in our series. Fall on outstretched hand was the predominant cause of injury. In all patients, 5.12% reported to our hospital 3 days.....

[1]. Cheng JC, Ng BK, Ying SY, et al. A 10-year study of the changes in the pattern and treatment of 6,493 fractures. J PediatrOrthop. 1999;19:344e350.
[2]. Dimeglio A. Growth in pediatric orthopaedics. In: Morrissy RT, Weinsten SL, eds. Lovell and Winters's Pediatric Orthopaedics. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006:35e65.
[3]. Houshian S, Mehdi B, Larsen MS. The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children:analysis of 355 fractures, with special reference to supracondylar humerus fractures. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6:312e315.
[4]. Cheng JC, Lam TP, Maffulli N. Epidemiological features of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in Chinese children. J PediatrOrthop B. 2001;10:63e67.
[5]. Lee SH, Kim HW, Song KS, et al. Upper extremity fractures in children e prospective epidemiological study of tertiary medical institutes. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2007;42:270e275.

Abstract: Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative disease and a leading cause of mobility-related disability, affecting nearly half of the population. It resulted from mechanical and chemical disorders that damage the joint and the underlying bone. The management of knee OA is challenging due to poor self-regeneration of connective tissues. Surgical treatment with prolotherapy approaches was conducted to treat medial compartment knee OA. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) followed by dextrose prolotherapy in severe medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: The present........

Key Words: Knee osteoarthritis, proximal fibula osteotomy, dextrose prolotherapy

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[3]. GBD2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet.2018;392(10159):1789–858.
[4]. Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, Nolte S, Ackerman I, Fransen M, et al. The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(7):1323–30.
[5]. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, Hirsch R, Helmick CG, Jordan JM, et al. Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(8):635–46.

Abstract: Background: Pre-school children are vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). As most of the testing tools to detectIDA rely on markers involving high costs, hence cheaper and easier potential screening tools are warranted. The objective of the study was to identify the discriminative ability ofred cell distribution width (RDW)fordetecting ID among children aged up to 5 years in our settings. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was adopted to conduct the study based on the data collected from the Barind Medical College, Rajshahi. The study duration was for six months. Children aged up to 60 months were included in this study. A total of 200 children were enrolled.......

Key Words: Red Cell Distribution Width, RDW, Serum Ferritin, IronDeficiency Anemia, Pre-schoolChildren

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO). Anemia. Available from: https://bit.ly/3ITqGQ5, (Last accessed 17, Janauary 2023).
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lateral condylar humerus fractures are the second most common pediatric distal humerus fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation is recommended for fractures displaced by more than 2 mm. The aim of this study was to present the short term clinical and radiogical results of patients with a displaced lateral humeral condyle fracture treated with ORIF with K-Wires in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir. METHODS A prospective study of patients treated for displaced paediatric lateral humeral condyle fracture in our Hospital was done between July 2018 and july2022. 25 patients with a displaced paediatric lateral humeral condyle fracture were included in the study, 17 males and 8 females. The age of the patients ranged between 3 and 13 years, with a mean of 6.2 years.......

[1]. Flynn JM, Skaggs DL, Waters PM. Rockwood and Wilkins' fractures in children. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
[2]. Flynn JC. Nonunion of slightly displaced fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children: an update. J PediatrOrthop. 1989;9(6):691–6.
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[5]. Cotton FJ (1902) IX Elbow fractures in children. Fractures of the lower end of the humerus; lesions and end results, and their bearing upon treatment. Ann Surg 35(3):365–399.

Abstract: A case of dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth at National Ribat University will be discussed since its rare and interesting appearance of a double chin made the patient seek treatment The mass was removed intraorally without complication....

[1]. King RC, Smith BR, Burk JL. Dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth: a review of the literature and case report. Oral Surg OralMed Oral Pathol 1994;78:567—76.
[2]. Longo F, Maremonti P, Mangone GM, et al. Midline dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: report of 16 cases and review of surgical techniques. Plast Reconst Surg 2003;112(6):1560—5.
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[4]. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. p. 33–5.
[5]. Akinosi JO. Multiple sublingual dermoid cysts. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1974;12:235—9.

Abstract: Prevalence of keratoconus is variable in different parts of the world. Environmental and ethnic factors Background: and the cohort of patients selected for such studies may explain the wide variation in the reported rates. Family history, gender differences, asymmetry in the two eyes, association with ocular rubbing, and natural history of disease are discussed. Epidemiology of Keratoconus has been classically described as a noninflammatory pathology, characterized by a conical shape of the cornea, as a result of thinning and protrusion. The etiopathogenesis is still under research and it may be the final manifestation of diverse pathologic processes. With better understanding......

[1]. Rabinowitz YS. Keratoconus. SurvOphthalmol 1998;42(4):297–319
[2]. Kennedy RH, Bourne WM, Dyer JA. A 48-year clinical and epidemiologic study of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;101(3):267–273.
[3]. Léoni-Mesplié S, Mortemousque B, Mesplié N, Touboul D, Praud D, Malet F, Colin J. Epidemiological aspects of keratoconus in children. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2012;35(10):776–85
[4]. Zadnik K, Steger-May K, Fink BA, et al. CLEK Study Group. Collaborative longitudinal evaluation of keratoconus, between-eye asymmetry in keratoconus. Cornea 2002;21(7):671–679
[5]. Gordon-Shaag A, Millodot M, Shneor E. The epidemiology and etiology of keratoconus. Epidemiology. 2012;70:1.

Abstract: Background:Emerging Non-albicans candida species among hospitalised patients are a major threat. Biofilm producing species are associated with chronic and recurrent infections and resistance to antifungal agents. Hence, this study was undertaken to detect biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility pattern of these Non-albicans Candida species. Materials and Methods:46 Non-albicans candida species isolated from Jan to June 2022 from various clinical samples were further speciated by colony morphology on cornmeal agar and colour production on chrom agar. Biofilm production was detected by Congo......

Key Word: Non-albicans Candida species, Biofilm production, Antifungal susceptibility.

[1]. Deorukhkar, S. C., Saini, S., & Mathew, S. (2014). Non- albicans Candida infection: An emerging threat. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 2014.
[2]. Mohamed, S. (2013). Biofilm Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Isolates from Various Clinical Specimens. British Microbiology Research Journal, 3(4).
[3]. Saxena, N., Maheshwari, D., Dadhich, D., & Singh, S. (2014). EVALUATION OF CONGO RED AGAR FOR DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCTION BY VARIOUS CLINICAL CANDIDA ISOLATES. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 3(59).
[4]. Biofilm Production by Various Candida Species Isolated From Various Clinical Specimens. (2016). International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(6).
[5]. Bansal, R., Tiwari, Y. K., & Patidar, V. (2019). Biofilm Formation among Various Candida Species and its Role in Antifungal Resistance at Tertiary Care Centre, Jhalawar. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], 6(5).

Abstract: Background: Most common cause of mortality worldwide after coronary artery disease is Stroke. It is the commonest cause of disability in adults. Its management depends mainly on differentiating stroke into two subtype's i.e ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. CT brain is gold standard investigation for distinguishing stroke subtypes. Its use in resource poor settings is delayed because of cost and unavailability, hence delaying the treatment. Clinically it is difficult to diagnose stroke subtypes. Various clinical stroke scores have been developed by combining symptoms, risk factors and lab parameters. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective interventional.......

Key Word: Greek score, Siriraj stroke score, Allen score, Validity

[1]. Seshadri S, Beiser A, Kelly-Hayes M, Kase CS, Au R, Kannel WB, et al. The lifetime risk of stroke: Estimates from the Framinham Study. Stroke 2006;37:345-50
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[3]. Stroke Epidemiology and Stroke Care Services in India Jeyaraj Durai Pandian and Paulin Sudhan J Stroke. 2013 Sep; 15(3): 128–134
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[5]. Comparison of the Siriraj stroke Score and the Guy's Hospital Score in South India. Pavan Raghuram Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar, Jayakumar Jeganathan. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2012 June, Vol-6(5): 851-854.

Abstract: Background:India has had more than 31378143 confirmed cases of coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19). Numerous social, environmental, health, and economic issues have been raised by COVID-19's effects on the global population. In light of the novelty and significant variety of the condition around the world, particularly in India, it is crucial to determine the clinical biochemical and radiological determinants of disease severity, progression, and patient outcomes. In this study, a tertiary care hospital in southern India's is profiled in terms of its demographic characteristics, clinical traits, comorbid conditions, baseline laboratory results, radiographic characteristics, and clinical management. Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study.......

Key Word: SARS CoV-2

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from: https://covid19. who.int/, accessed on October 29, 2020.
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[3]. Andrews MA, Areekal B, Rajesh KR, Krishnan J, Suryakala R, Krishnan B, et al. First confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in India: A case report. Indian J Med Res 2020; 151 : 490-2.
[4]. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323 : 1239-42.
[5]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382 : 1708-20.

Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are caused by presence and growth of microorganism in urinary tract. Bacteria are primary organisms that cause UTI. Among all, gram-negative bacteria are predominant and amount for 80-85% of infection and E. coli is most common organism causing UTI. Objectives: 1. To isolate and identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) from urine samples. 2. To perform antimicrobial testing of isolated pathogens. 3. To detect ESBL production in cephalosporin resistant isolates of E. coli.......

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, gram-negative bacill.

[1]. Mohammad MA, Alnour TMS, Shakurfo OM, Aburass MM. Prevelence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Messalata Central Hospital, Libya.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropica Medicine. 2016;9(8): 771-776.
[2]. Shrestha A, Manandhar S, Pokharel P, Panthl P, Chaudhary DK. "Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Multidrug Resistance Gram-Negative Isolates Causing Urinary Tract Infection". EC Microbiology 4.5(2016);749-755.
[3]. AlieroA,Tibyangye J, Maniga JN, Wampande E, Kato CD, Agwu E, and Bazira J. Pravalenceof Bacterial urinary tract infections and associated factors among patients attending Hospitals in Bushenyi District Uganda. International Journal of Microbiology 2019;1-5(4):24-30.
[4]. Andrew B, Kagirita A, and Bazira J. Prevelence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamas producing microorganism in Patients Admitted at KRRH, Southwestern Uganda. International Journal of Microbiology, 2017;1-5.
[5]. Hassuna NA, KhaIralla AS, Farhat EM, Hammad AM and Fattah MA. Molecular characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamas producing E. coli recovered from community - acquired Urinary tract infection in Upper Egypt 2020;2772

Abstract: Background: Anemia is a major co-morbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on renal replacement therapy. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at higher risk for nutritional deficiencies due to medication interactions, dietary restrictions and malnutrition. This suggests that vitamin B12 deficiency might be additional factors contributing in anemia. Methods and materials: It was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in Academy Charity Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan in 2019. Study included 80 patients suffering from chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis in the nephrology unit. The 80 participants were selected purposively, each participant was asked for a verbal consent,......

Keywords: ESRD, end stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, megaloblastic anemia, Vitamin deficiency, Vitamin B12 Levels, dialysis

[1]. Gansevoort RT, Correa-Rotter R, Hemmelgarn BR, Jafar TH, Heerspink HJ, Mann JF, Matsushita K, Wen CP. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. The Lancet. 2013 Jul 27;382(9889):339-52.
[2]. Leblanc M, Pichette V, Geadah D, Ouimet D. Folic acid and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate losses during high-efficiency hemodialysis in patients without hydrosoluble vitamin supplementation. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2000 Oct 1;10(4):196-201.
[3]. Clase CM, Ki V, Holden RM. Water‐soluble vitamins in people with low glomerular filtration rate or on dialysis: A review. InSeminars in dialysis 2013 Sep (Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 546-567).
[4]. Rizzo G, Laganà A, Rapisarda A, La Ferrera G, Buscema M, Rossetti P, Nigro A, Muscia V, Valenti G, Sapia F, Sarpietro G. Vitamin B12 among vegetarians: status, assessment and supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Dec;8(12):767.
[5]. Bagalad BS, Mohankumar KP, Madhushankari GS, Donoghue M, Kuberappa PH. Diagnostic accuracy of salivary creatinine, urea, and potassium levels to assess dialysis need in renal failure patients. Dental research journal. 2017 Jan;14(1):13.