iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Background: Scaphoid fractures commonly occur in young adult males due to falling on an outstretched hand or as a result of traumatic injury. Delayed treatment can lead to avascular necrosis, delayed union, non-union, and secondary osteoarthritis. Our study is to determine the results of non-structural cancellous bone grafting and Herbert screw fixation in fracture non-union scaphoid. Materials and methods: This prospective interventional cohort study includes 20 patients who underwent surgery for fracture non-union scaphoid. The functional outcome of the patients was assessed based on the Mayo wrist score questionnaire at 6 and 12 months. Range of motion and grip strength was measured using a goniometer and dynamometer respectively......

Keywords: SCAPHOID, HERBERT SCREW, CANCELLOUS BONE GRAFT, MAYO WRIST SCORE, ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX

[1]. Raju P, Kini SG. Fixation techniques for non-union of the scaphoid. J OrthopSurg (Hong Kong) 2011;19:80-4.
[2]. Inoue G, Sakuma M (1996) The natural history of scaphoid nonunion. Radiographical and clinical analysis in 102 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 115:1–4.
[3]. Jiranek WA, Ruby LK, Millender LB, Bankoff MS, Newburg AH (1992) Long-term results after Rüsse bone-grafting: the effect of malunion of the scaphoid. J Bone and Joint Surg (Am) 74 (8):1217–1228.
[4]. Lindstrom G, Nystrom A (1992) Natural history of scaphoid nonunion with special reference to "asymptomatic" cases. J Hand Surg (Br) 17(6):697–700.
[5]. Proctor MT (1994) Non-union of the scaphoid: early and late management. Injury 25(1):15–20..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles and gases. Exacerbations are mainly triggered by viral and bacterial infections although factors such as environmental pollution and ambient temperature may initiate and amplify these events Antibiotics are main stay of treatment for exacerbations,however antibiotic resistance has created a bigger challengefor treating physicians to have a better treatment outcome AIM:The aim of my study is..........

Keywords: AECOPD, CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY

[1]. Crofton, Douglas. "Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema." Chapter 23 in Crofton and Douglas's Respiratory Disease – 1. 5th Edt. Anthony Seaton,Douglas Seaton, A. Gordon Leitfh eds. Blackwell science. C. 2000.P-616-695.
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Abstract: Background: Material and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Tertiary teaching hospital and included 20 cases. Age is more than 18 year, skeletally mature satisfying Neer's criteria of 2, 3 and 4 part fracture for operative displacement, who were operated for proximal humerus fractures over last 3 years with plating by anterolateral approach. Results: In 60% patients there is Neer's 2part fracture as the most common type with Greater Tuberosity fractures were the predominant type. In only 5% of patients 4 part fractures involved. The active elevation was 126.25 degrees (average range), active external rotation was 47 degrees (average range), abduction was 123.25 degrees (average range). Early complications like skin necrosis, wound gaping.........

Keywords: PHILOS plates, Proximal humeral fractures, Constant score, Neer's classification

[1]. Dr. Yogesh C Patel, Dr. Pranay R Laddha. Study of proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus interlocking system (Philos) plating. Int J Orthop Sci 2019;5(2):935-941. DOI: 10.22271/ortho.2019.v5.i2n.116
[2]. To evaluate functional outcome of proximal humerus interlocking osteosynthesis (PHILOS) plating by constant & murley scoring system for treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures Dr. Lavesh Agrawal and Dr. Susheel Soni DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/orthor.2019.v3.i1c.24
[3]. Siddaram N Patil, Pandurangaiah Srinivas, Vaibhav Bhadbade. A prospective study of 30 cases of PHILOS plating for displaced proximal humeral fractures. Int J Orthop Sci 2017;3(3):86-91. DOI: 10.22271/ortho.2017.v3.i3b.14
[4]. Doshi C, Sharma GM, Naik LG, Badgire KS, Qureshi F. Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures using PHILOS Plate. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jul;11(7):RC10-RC13. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26782.10304. Epub 2017 Jul 1. PMID: 28892988; PMCID: PMC5583799.
[5]. Bansal, Vivek & Sohal, H.S & Bhoparai, R.S. (2015). Philos Plate in Proximal Humerus Fracture–Its Functional Outcome and Complications. International Journal of Orthopaedics. 2. 317-322. 10.17554/j.issn.2311-5106.2015.02.63

Abstract: Abortion is one of the foremost causes of maternal morbidity and mortality . The access to safe and legal abortion is one of the fundamental women's reproductive rights. In an estimate, it was observed, that abortions were reported in nearly one third of all pregnancies and almost half of the pregnancies are unintended. About 15·6 million abortions transpired in India in 2015.Out of these, 81 % abortions were done by medical methods, surgical methods were adopted in 14 %, while 5 % abortions were estimated to be unsafe. In an effort to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality as a result of unsafe abortion, The Medical Termination of Pregnancy......

[1]. Maharana, B. (2011). Correlates of spontaneous and induced abortion in India: An investigation using a nationwide large scale survey data. Available at: https://paa2011.princeton.edu/papers/111333
[2]. Everything you need to know about abortion in India (1971). Consent under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 3.
[3]. Available at: https://www.fogsi.org/wp-content/uploads/committee-2020-activities/issue-3-consent-november-2019.pdf
[4]. Singh, S., Shekhar, C., Acharya, R., Moore, A. M., Stillman, M., Pradhan, M. R. et. al. (2018). The incidence of abortion and unintended pregnancy in India, 2015. The Lancet Global Health, 6 (1), e111–e120. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30453-9
[5]. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (1971). Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Available at:https://main.mohfw.gov.in/acts-rules-and-standards-health-sector/acts/mtp-act-1971.

Abstract: Introduction: Maternal mortality is considered a key health indicator of any nation and the direct causes of maternal deaths are well known and largely preventable and treatable.(1)Our medical college provides all facilities and expertise required to treat critically ill pregnant patients through critical care unit and acts as a referral centre for the entire Marathwada region. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the causes of maternal mortality and calculate the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), and see whether there is a shift in the causes that contributed majorly to the maternal mortality in a health care setup with the availability of critical care unit. Materials and Methods: A........

Keywords: Maternal mortality, Antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, Direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality, Maternal mortality ratio, COVID-19

[1]. C Meh, A Sharma et al. ―Trends in maternal mortality in India over two decades in nationally representative surveys.‖ Bjog: An international journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology vol. 129, Issue 4/ p 550-561
[2]. World Health Organization: Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990-2015: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division.2015.WHO PressGenevapp. 1-92.
[3]. Wen SW, Xie R. Maternal Mortality. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences [Internet]. Elsevier; 2014.
[4]. Special Bulletin on MMR released by Registrar General of India (RGI).
[5]. World Health Organization, UNICEF, United Nations Population Fund and The World Bank, Trends in Maternal Mortality:2000 to 2017 WHO, Geneva, 2019.

Abstract: Background: Spontaneous normal vaginal delivery is most common in the cephalic presentation in 96.5%. Abnormal foetal presentation occurs when the part of the foetus which is closest to the pelvic inlet is non-vertex. The breech is the most common malpresentation occurring in 3-4% of all pregnant women Shoulder presentation in the transverse or oblique lie (0.12%), cord presentation-1.4 to 6.2 per 1000; compound presentation -1 in 600 Abnormal foetal presentation leads to greater risk of caesarean delivery, prolonged labour, increased perinatal morbidity. Good maternal and perinatal outcomes depend on the provision of good antenatal care like early screening and elective.......

Keywords: Normal Vaginal delivery, Caesarean section, Abnormal foetal presentation, NICU admissions

[1]. Martel-Santiago CR, Arencibia-Díaz RD, Romero-Requejo A, Valle-Morales L, Figueras-Falcón T, García-Hernández JÁ, et al. Delivery in breech presentation: Perinatal outcome and neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18 months of life. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;255:147–53.
[2]. Ghesquière L, Demetz J, Dufour P, Depret S, Garabedian C, Subtil D. Type of breech presentation and prognosis for delivery. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2020;49(9).
[3]. Arulkumaran S. Malpresentation, Malposition, Cephalopelvic Disproportion and Obstetric Procedures. Dewhurst's Textb Obstet Gynaecol Seventh Ed. 2008;213–26.
[4]. Maskey S, Dwa Y. Predisposing factors and outcome of malpresentations in an institute. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2018;56(211):674–7.
[5]. Toivonen E, Palomäki O, Korhonen P, Huhtala H, Uotila J. Impact of the mode of delivery on maternal and neonatal outcome in spontaneous-onset breech labor at 32 +0 –36 +6 weeks of gestation: A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol [Internet]. 2018;225:13–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.054.

Abstract: Metformin can cause serum vitamin B12 deficiency. It requires supplementation of vitamin B12. Its cross-sectional study conducted on diabetes patients who were on metformin therapy. Sample size was 35 with 20 male and 15 female diabetic patients. Metformin therapy is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency.

[1]. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Heine RJ, Holman diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 29: 1963-1972.
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[4]. Liu Q, Li S, Quan H, Li J (2014) Vitamin B12 status in metformin treated patients: systematic review. PLoS One 9: e100379.
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Abstract: A moving vehicle e.g. bus displaces air which returns into the bus initiating air circulation/ air currents by displacement concept; hence for e.g. water spilt outside from running bus, splashes back into the running bus carried by the air circulation Similarly in this God ordained Universe celestial objects /planets in the solar system by rotation, revolution along their orbits, results in displacement of their atmosphere with their gases creating circulation to return on the planets surface effecting gravity proportional to their individual mass; probably the displaced gases of the solar system's planets revolving in their orbits-converges towards the centre with ignition in the centre as ball of gases-Sun......

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Abstract: Introduction: Meconium stained liquor has been perceived as a sign of fetal distress. Varying grade of MSL may have adverse fetal outcome. Thus, aim of this study was to find the fetal outcome at varying grade of MSL. Method: This was a descriptive observational study over 153 live, singleton, term pregnancy. MSL was categorised into three groups and fetal outcome was observed in terms of APGAR score at 5 minute, stay of neonates in NICU, and mortality or morbidity of the neonates. Result: Percentage of neonates having APGAR score less than 4 increased respectively when thickness of MSL increased (10% in thin < 26% in moderate < 52% in thick.......

Keywords: Fetal distress, Fetal outcome, Meconium stained liquor

[1]. Ashfaq F, Shah AA. Effect of amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid on perinatal outcome. JOURNAL-PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 2004 Jun 1;54(6):322-4.
[2]. Aseri R, Mehta K, Bhati I. Studyof Meconium Stained Liquor and Its FetalOutcomein pregnant patient-retrospective study.
[3]. Fenton AN, Steer CM. Fetal distress. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1962 Feb 1;83(3):354-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(16)35842-2
[4]. Kumar S, Gupta SN, Mahato IP, Giri R, Yadav A, Thakur A, Thapa K. Maternal and fetal outcome in term labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid. Health Renaissance. 2012 Dec 4;10(3):198-202. https://doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7135
[5]. Low JA, Pancham SR, Worthington D, Boston RW. The incidence of fetal asphyxia in six hundred high-risk monitored pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1975 Feb 15;121(4):456-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(75)90074-5.

Abstract: BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION: Inhaled drug delivery is the cornerstone of therapy for the treatment of obstructive chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most common devices used to administer aerosolized medication in day-to-day respiratory practice are the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) and the dry powder inhaler (DPI). Patient technique is crucial to effective drug delivery and will depend on factors such as patient experience, education, physical ability, and effective teaching of technique........

Keywords: DPIs, pMDIs, Inhaler Technique,COPD, ASTHMA

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[2]. Education on Correct Inhaler Technique in Pharmacy Schools: Barriers and Needs - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Inhaler-technique-checklists_tbl1_264233077
[3]. Gregory KL, Elliott D, Dunne P. Guide to aerosol delivery devices for physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other health care professionals[https://www.aarc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/aerosol_guide_pro.pdf]
[4]. Pritchard JN. Industry guidance for the selection of a delivery system for the development of novel respiratory products. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12:1755–65.
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Abstract: Introduction: The clinical course of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is not known except in advanced disease. 488 subjects in a placebo-controlled study of ambrisentan in IPF with mild–moderate restriction in lung volume, underwent right heart catheterisation (RHC) at baseline and 117 subjects (24%) had repeated haemodynamic measurements at 48 weeks. The subjects were categorised into a) World Health Organization (WHO) Group 3 PH (PH associated with pulmonary disease), n=68 (14%); b) WHO Group 2 PH (PH associated with left-sided cardiac disease), n=25 (5%); c) no PH but elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), n=21 (4%); and d) no PH but without elevation of PAWP, n=374 (77%). The WHO Group 3 PH subjects had a lower diffusion capacity, 6MWD and oxygen saturation compared to the subjects with no PH. There was no significant change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure with ambrisenten or placebo after 12 months......

Keywords: IPF – Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, PAH – Pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAWP – Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, FVC – Forced vital capacity, DLCO – Diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide, 6MWT – 6 minutes' walk test, HFpEF – Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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