iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Pregnancy has a significant impact on thyroid physiology and thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent endocrine disorders. There are significant regional differences in the prevalence of thyroid problems during pregnancy. According to literature, the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy is 2.5%, while that of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy ranges from 0.1% to 0.4%(8). The two primary clinical types of hypothyroidism. Overt hypothyroidism is defined by an elevated serum TSH and subnormal free thyroxine (FT4), while subclinical hypothyroidism is characterised by an elevated serum TSH and normal free thyroxine (FT4). Cases of subclinical hypothyroidism,.............

[1]. Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(8):549-55.
[2]. Henrichs J, Jacoba J Bongers-Schokking, Schenk JJ, Ghassabian A, Schmidt HG VT. Maternal Thyroid Function during Early Pregnancy and Cognitive Functioning in Early Childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(9):4227-34.
[3]. Jain A, M. R, Nakum KD. Thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on the maternal and fetal outcome. Int J Reprod Contraception, Obstet Gynecol. 2021;10(3):893.
[4]. S. B. Thyroid disorders in pregnancy. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011;59:32–4.
[5]. JH. L. Thyroid functions in pregnancy. Br Med Bull. 2011;97(1):137–48..

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health issue that places a heavy financial burden on poor nations like India. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative lists five phases of CKD, with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) as the final stage. ESRD is defined by a progressive, irreversible decline in renal function and a failure of the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to uremia. The main cause of bleeding and thrombotic problems in CKD is an unbalanced ratio of pro- and anti-hemostatic factors, which results in significant morbidity and death. Dialysis continues to be one of the most popular forms of RRT in the globe because of the high expense and.............

[1]. Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2022 Apr;12(1):7–11.
[2]. Lv JC, Zhang LX. Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1165:3–15.
[3]. Kaze FF, Kowo MP, Wagou IN, Maimouna M, Fouda HDME, Halle MP. Hematological Disorders during Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 to 5 Non-Dialysed in Cameroon. Open Journal of Nephrology. 2020 Apr 2;10(2):61–72.
[4]. Bhatta S, Aryal G, Kafle RK. Anemia in chronic kidney disease patients in predialysis and postdialysis stages. Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 2011;1(1):26–9.
[5]. Eswari V, Eswari V. Evaluation of Hematological profile in Chronic Kidney Disease patients in a Tertiary Care Center, Kanchipuram: A Cross Sectional Study. jmscr [Internet]. 2018 Sep 20 [cited 2022 Nov 11];6(9). Available from: http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/v6-i9/118%20jmscr.pdf.

Abstract: Lipoma are benign tumor composed of adipose tissue. They may be localized and almost all part of body. Rarely lipomas can grow to acquire gigantic proportions, turning into an entity termed as giant lipoma. Some of these giant lipomas may transform malignant. Giant lipoma cause problem in daily living and detoriate quality of life. Mass localization also restrict body functions.

Keywords: Giant lipoma, Pseudo lipoma, Mass, Surgery, Quality of life.

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Abstract: Background: Several methods and appliances have been developed over time to produce molar distalization, there are some factors to considerate to make the best choice to treat the patient with class II malocclusion like the growth pattern, dental crowding, age, among others. Case Report: A9-year-old male patient presented a skeletal class II malocclusion, a neutral growth pattern,as well as retroclined upper incisors and proclined lower incisors presentinga bilateral molar class II relationship, an indeterminate canine class relationship, an.............

Key Word: Orthodontics, Class II malocclusion, Molar distalization, 3-D Maxillary Bimetric Distalizing Arch.

[1]. Lee YJ, Kook YA, Park JH, Park J, Bayome M, Vaid NR, et al. Short-term cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of maxillary third molar changes after total arch distalization in adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop [Internet]. 2019;155(2):191–7. Disponible en: https://www.ajodo.org/article/S0889-5406(18)30786-8/fulltext
[2]. Uçem TT, Yüksel S, Okay C, Gülşen A. Effects of a three-dimensional bimetric maxillary distalizing arch. Eur J Orthod [Internet]. 2000;22(3):293–8. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/22.3.293
[3]. Skaf Z, Nabbout F. Class II correction with microimplant supported molar distalization: A report of two cases. Case Rep Dent [Internet]. 2022; 2022:2679318. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2679318
[4]. Ozkalayci N, Yetmez M. A new orthodontic appliance with a mini screw for upper molar distalization. Appl Bionics Biomech [Internet]. 2016; 2016:5728382. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5728382
[5]. Alogaibi YA, Al-Fraidi AA, Alhajrasi MK, Alkhathami SS, Hatrom A, Afify AR. Distalization in orthodontics: A review and case series. Case Rep Dent [Internet]. 2021; 2021:8843959. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8843959.

Abstract: Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice is a common medical comorbidity. It is one of the common causes of hospitalization during 1st two weeks of life. Untreated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to encephalopathy, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and kernicterus. Treatment for this condition varies from just exposing the neonate to sunlight to phototherapy. But phototherapy can cause various electrolyte and plasma glucose variations. Hence the current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of phototherapy on neonates. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 100 neonates (aged below 28 days), who were scheduled for receiving phototherapy...........

Key Word:Electrolytes chances, neonates, plasma glucose, phototherapy. hyperbilirubinemia

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[3]. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):297-316. doi: 10.1542/peds.114.1.297. Erratum in: Pediatrics. 2004 Oct;114(4):1138. PMID: 15231951.
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[5]. Das S, van Landeghem FKH. Clinicopathological Spectrum of Bilirubin Encephalopathy/Kernicterus. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019 Feb 28;9(1):24. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9010024. PMID: 30823396; PMCID: PMC6468386.

Abstract: Background: Intravitreal injection of anti-Vascular endothelial growth factors constitutes the mainstay for the treatment of various retinal diseases.Although the procedure is done after giving topical anesthesia, patient still can experience ocular pain. Usually, more than one injection is required in most patients, and it may cause anxiety and discomfort. Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension is a topical ocular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Nepafenac is unique, in that its bioconversion to amfenac is targeted to the iris/ciliary body and, to an even greater extent, the retina........

Key Word:0.1% Nepafenac; Analgesia; Intravitreal injection

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[3]. Georgakopoulos CD, Plotas P, Kagkelaris K, Tsapardoni F, Makri OE. Analgesic Effect of a Single Drop of Nepafenac 0.3% on Pain Associated with Intravitreal Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J OculPharmacolTher. 2019;35(3):168–73.
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[5]. Ogurel T, Ogurel R, Ozkal F, Ölmez Y, Örnek N, Onaran Z. Evaluation effectiveness of 0.1% nepafenac on injection-related pain in patients undergoing intravitreal Ozurdex injection. TherAdvOphthalmol. 2019 Dec;11:2515841419861856..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postgraduate students in the medical college of various departments are often to work for long hours which leads to sleep deprivation and increase in the stress levels. This study is conducted to assess the association between sleep and stress in the postgraduates. AIM : To determine the association of quality of sleep and stress in postgraduate residents. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study in which the stress and quality of sleep is determined using Perceived stress scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale. RESULTS: This study included 100 postgraduate residents from various specialities .This study found there was a association between stress and sleep.

KEY WORDS: Postgraduates, Sleep, Stress, Perceived stress scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale

[1]. Jay Rajesh Ajgaonkar1, Mukta Pritam Bidikar Sleep Assessment and Perceived Stress among medical Post graduate residents. https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i6.287.
[2]. Madhavi Bhat, Dilshana Nafisa1 , Anil Kakunje, Rajesh Mithur, Ravichandra Karkal Level of stress among postgraduate junior residents during their postgraduation in medical colleges of Coastal Karnataka – A cross-sectional study. DOI:10.4103/jcrsm.
[3]. Hajare Shilpa T, Agrawal Vipasha S and Saoji Prachi A sleep Pattern in medical post graduate students and its association with stress – a cross sectional study International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR.
[4]. Ramya H. S., Nisar Ahamed A. R.*, Rajendra Prasad T. C., Muragesh Awati Prevalence of stress among postgraduate junior residents in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192034.
[5]. DeWitt C. Baldwin, Jr, ; Steven R. Daugherty, Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue in Residency Training: Results of a National Survey of First- and Second-Year Residents.

Abstract: Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis(HLH) syndrome is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of excessive but ineffective immune activation. It most frequently affects infants from birth to 18months of age, but the disease is also observed in children and adults of all ages. HLH can occur as a familial or sporadic disorder, and it can be triggered by a variety of events that disrupts immune homeostasis. Infection is a common trigger both in those with a genetic predisposition and in sporadic cases. Though EBV is the most common viral infection known to cause HLH, dengue-induced HLH is being largely reported. Treatment options are limited for HLH syndrome............

Keywords: Hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis syndrome, Dengue, Lupus nephritis, COVID 19 infection

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[5]. Kan FK, Tan CC, von Bahr GT, et al. Dengue Infection Complicated by HemophagocyticLymphohistiocytosis: Experiences From 180 Patients With Severe Dengue. Clin InfectDis. 2020;70(11):2247-2255.

Abstract: Aim - The aim of this study was to determine impact of training about knowledge of infection control practices among health care workers in tertiary care hospital. Objectives –The present study was carried out to find out- 1) The effectiveness of training session conducted on infection control practices among healthcare workers. 2) The assessment of knowledge among healthcare workers.........

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[5]. Goyal A, Narula H, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Bhadoria AS, Gupta P. Evaluation of existing knowledge, attitude, perception and compliance of hand hygiene among health care workers in a Tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Mar 26;9(3):1620-1627. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1183_19. PMID: 32509662; PMCID: PMC7266188.

Abstract: Dengue infection ,caused by a flavivirus is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India.The infection ranges from self-limited,undifferentiated fever (dengue fever) to more severe form dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) to dengue shock syndrome(DSS).Early diagnosis will help in foreseeing the complications at an early stage and help in reduction of mortality and morbidity. Aims and objectives: To compare the rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of NS1 antigen and IgM withEnzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay( ELISA) in suspected dengue patients. Materials and methods...........

Key words: Rapid immunochromatographic test,ELISA

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