iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Aims &Objectives :- To assess findings on MRI in cases of supratentorial brain neoplasms. 2. To study the distribution of various supratentorial neoplasms. 3. To study different radiographic patterns of supratentorial neoplasms evident on MRI. 4. To study various intracranial supratentorial neoplasms using contrast enhanced MRI scan. 5. To observe the usefulness of advanced MRI techniques like Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) in characterization of supratentorial neoplasms. 6. To determine anatomical site of origin and demarcate the extension of supratentorial brain neoplasms...............

Keywords: Supratentorial brain neoplasms, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),, neurological complaints

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[3]. Schellinger, P. D., Meinck, H. M., &Thron, A. (1999). Diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared to CCT in patients with brain metastases. Journal of Neuro-Oncology
[4]. Ramprakash, G., Babu, L. M. M., Narayanaswamy, I., &Aswathappa, S. (2015). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of SupratentorialTumors : A Hospital Based Descriptive Study. 3(9), 1–8.
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Abstract: Background: General anesthesia is a state of controlled unconsciousness, in which medicines are used to send a patient to sleep to be unaware of surgery and not move or feel pain while it's carried out1. Laparotomy is a surgerythat involves incisions given through the abdominal wall to provide access into the abdominal cavity. Nalbuphine is better opioid analgesic with a lesser incidence of nausea and vomiting than Tramadol during the postoperative period.8Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist or modulator with an analgesic activity 25-40 times more than morphine. The current study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of Nalbuphine Vs. Buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia........

Key Words: Nalbuphine, Buprenorphine, Post-Operative Analgesia, Laparotomy, General Anesthesia

[1]. Anaesthesia [Internet]. nhs.uk. [cited 2023 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaesthesia/
[2]. Jevtovic-Todorovic V. General Anesthetics and Neurotoxicity: How Much Do We Know? Anesthesiol Clin. 2016 Sep;34(3):439-51. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2016.04.001. PMID: 27521190; PMCID: PMC5477636.
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[4]. Rajaretnam N, Okoye E, Burns B. Laparotomy [Internet]. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2021 [cited 12January 2023]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525961/
[5]. Barrow E, Anderson ID, Varley S, Pichel AC, Peden CJ, Saunders DI, Murray D. Current UK practice in emergency laparotomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013 Nov;95(8):599-603. doi: 10.1308/rcsann.2013.95.8.599. PMID: 24165345; PMCID: PMC4311539.

Abstract: Introduction: Process of blood donation includes ensuring safety of collected blood, health of the recipients and suitability of donors. Donor deferring has an advantage of eliminating donors with possible risk of disease. With this objective present study was undertaken with an intention to analyse donor deferral characteristics in terms of demographic profile, interval between donation, reason for deferral and whether it is permanent or temporary deferral. Materials and Methods: Retrospectiveanalysis of deferral profile of whole blood donors was performed with the help of data from records (January 2018 to January 2020). Records of demographic details of donors, interval between two donations, physical examination, haemoglobin percentage, along with the reasons for permanent and temporary deferrals.......

Keywords: Deferral, Donors, Permanent, Reasons, Temporary

[1]. Department of AIDS Control Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India [internet]. Annual report:2008- 2009 pg 27 [cited 2017 Jan 17]. Available from: http://nacoonline.org/upload/Publication/ Annual_ Report_ NACO_2008-09.pdf.
[2]. Annual Action Plan. Karnataka State AIDS Prevention Society; 2010-2011. p. 129. Global status report on blood safety and availability 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization. (2017). Accessed: January 2, 2020
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[4]. Zou S, Eder AF, Musavi F, Notari EP, Fang CT, Dodd RY, et al. Implementation of the uniform donor history questionnaire across the American Red Cross Blood Services: Increased deferral among repeat presenters but no measurable impact on blood safety. Transfusion 2007; 47:1990-8.
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Abstract: Implant supported restoration can be secured by screw retained orcement retained. Knowing about biomechanics of screw and cement retained restorations is important for the success of the prosthesis. The definite indications and contraindications to use specifically the screw or cement is unclear. The reasons for the success and failure of screw retained and cement retained dental implant prosthesis in the oral cavity are reviewed. Hence the Literature search was carried out using electronic database search in PubMed and Google scholar for articles from 1990–2022 and a systemic review was undertaken to study the biomechanics of screw retained and cement retained crowns and their success rates and complications.

Keywords: Dental implants", "screw retained restorations", "cement retained restorations", "biomechanics of dental implants", "success rates" and "systemic review"

[1]. Clinical biomechanics in implant dentistry; Martha warren bides, Carl E Misch
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[3]. Hebel KS, Gajjar RC. Cement-retained versus screw-retained implant restoration: achieving optimal occlusion and esthetics in implant dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 1997;77:28–35.
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Abstract: Malignant Hyperthermia is a potentially fatal condition which occurs after an exposure to certain triggering agents in susceptible individuals. There is a huge variation in the order and timing of the symptoms presentation which makes the diagnosis difficult. Here is a case report of a 51-year-old gentleman posted for incision and drainage of abscess presenting with MH.

KEY WORDS: MH, sevoflurane, succinylcholine, general anesthesia

[1]. Mathur PR, Rundla M, Jain N, et al. MH in a 6-month-old infant. Saudi. J. Anaesth. 2016;10:353-5
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[3]. Ferhi F, Dardour L, Tej A, et al. MH in a 4-year-old girl during anesthesia induction with sevoflurane and succinylcholine for congenital ptosis surgery. Saudi J. Ophthalmol. 2019;33:183-87
[4]. Kim DC. MH. Korean J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Nov;63(5)391-401
[5]. Saxena, Kirti N., Dua, et al. MH- a case report. Indian J. Anaesth.2007 Nov-Dec;51(6):534-35.

Abstract: Objective: Hernia is a common, simple and easily treatable condition, yet, if ignored can lead to life- threatening complications. Lack of health awareness, poverty, and paucity of surgical facilities result in neglecting the condition for a long period of time. The patient ultimately approaches the emergency department with devastating complications. This study aims at illustrating the various modes of presentation, management and post-operative outcome in complicated inguinal hernias......

Keywords: Inguinal hernia;Obstructedhernia;Strangulatedhernia; Herniorrhaphy; Hernioplasty

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION Worldwide breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, accounting about 25.4% of total number of new cases of cancer in women diagnosed in 2018. [1] Progression of Cancer have close association with inflammatory response, thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in host. . Because of hypercoagulability in breast cancer more fibrin formation occurs and so more fibrinolytic products occurs. One of the best fibrinolytic product is D-Dimer.D-Dimer is a biomarker which indicates activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis. D-Dimer plays an important......

[1]. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424.
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Abstract: Background:Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and retinal nerve fibre layers that result in changes in the optical nerve head.It is associated with intraocular pressure related damage to the optic nerve, resulting in the loss of retinal ganglion cells.Worldwide prevalence of glaucoma is 3.54%. The number of people with glaucoma across the globe was estimated to be 64.3 million in 2013 which will increase to76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 million in 2040 among the age group of 40 to 80 years.Glaucomatous optic neuropathy causes progressive death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons.Clinically, visual field loss often correlates with nerve fiber layer loss and optic nerve damage.Since RNFL thinning and ONH changes......

Key words: Glaucoma, Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL), optic nerve head (ONH), Optical coherence tomography (OCT

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Abstract: In United States incidence rate of primary brain and nervous system tumors in adults is estimated to be 23.8 per 100,000 persons (data from 51 cancer registries, 2013 to 2017) [1]. Approximately one-third of tumors are malignant and the remainder are benign or borderline malignant [1,2].The incidence rate among children (aged 0 to 19 years) is much lower (6.1 per 100,000 children), although in children malignant tumors are more[1].The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in India ranges from 5 to 10 per 100,000 population with an increasing trend and accounts for 2% of malignancies[3,4].The five most frequent brain tumors in India were astrocytoma........

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Abstract: Despite a well thought-out and applied primary treatment, the after-effects of cleft palates are virtually inevitable. Some are the result of the evolution of the genetically programmed malformation and many are the consequence of insufficient primary treatment. The tongue flap has proven to be a reliable and easily obtainable local flap. In cleft palate surgery, the excellent vascularization and the large amount of tissue that the tongue flaps provide have made the flaps particularly suitable for the repair of large fistulas in palates healed by previous surgery. We report 4 cases in our unity. All our patients had a previous cleft palate surgery complicated by a fistula secondary to a tissue necrosis.......

Key words: Cleft surgery, fistula, palate, tongue flap

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