iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Introducation: AscarisLumbricoides is the most common nematode infecting the preschool children throughout the world. The patients are usually asymptomatic or present with mild non specific abdominal symptoms and malnutrition with a low Ascaridial load. The patients having high worm load can present with intestinal obstruction which could sometimes be managed conservatively. Small gut volvulus is a less frequent but potentially dangerous complication of Ascaris infestation having high morbidity and mortality unless quick surgical intervention is done.........

Keywords: Ascariasis, AscarisLumbricides, Antihelminthics, Albendazole, Intestinal Obstruction, Small gut volvulus.

[1]. Kim SY, Morris JB. Small bowel obstruction. In: Yeo CJ, Dempsey DT, Klein AS, Pemberton JH, Peters JH (Eds.), (6thedn), Chapter 68, Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, WB Saunders Company (2007), Philadelphia, USA.
[2]. White RR, Jacobs DO. Volvulus of stomach and small bowel. In: Yeo CJ, Dempsey DT, Klein AS, Pemberton JH, Peters JH (Eds.), (6thedn), Chapter 69, Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, WB Saunders Company (2007), Philadelphia, USA
[3]. Darlington CD, Anitha GFS. Ascaridial Volvulus: AnUncommon Cause of Ileal Perforation. Iran J Med Sci. 2018;43(4):432-435.
[4]. Ramareddy RS, Alladi A, Siddapa OS, Deepti V, Akthar T, Mamata B. Surgical complications of Ascarislumbricoides in children. J Indian AssocPediatr Surg. 2012;17:116-9. doi: 10.4103/0971-9261.98130. PubMed PMID: 22869977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3409899.
[5]. Wani NA, Shah OJ, Wani MA. Surgical complications of abdominal ascariasis. Postgrad Doctor Afr 2002;24:38-40.

Abstract: Background: Metastatic carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the eye. Choroid is the most common site for intraocular metastasis because of high vascular supply.Lung carcinoma metastasizes most frequently in men and breast carcinoma in women. Systemic chemotherapy is most commonly used as treatment options for choroidal metastasis. Intravitreal bevacizumab is a therapeutic option with rapid effect in the treatment of choroidal metastatic tumors unresponsive to systemic therapy. Multidisciplinary team approach should be used to manage. The purpose of treatment is to improve quality of life and prolong survival. Conclusion: Choroid is most common site for intraocular metastasis.Ophthalmic examination and thorough systemic investigations should be done to identify primary tumor.

Keywords: Malignant tumor, choroidal metastasis, chemotherapy,intravitreal bevacizumab

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Abstract: BACKGROUND:-Incisional hernia is one of the common complications facing after abdominal surgeries. Incisional hernia is 2nd most common type of hernia followed by inguinal Hernias.It is important cause of morbidity and It can be taken care by anatomical, mesh and laparoscopic repair. The incidence of this hernia is high even with recent advances in surgery, antibiotics, suture material and in anesthesia. We plan to study epidemiology, etiology, modes of presentation,modalities of treatment and its outcomes for incisional hernias. AIM:-This study conducted to study epidemiology, etiology, modes of presentation,modality of treatment and outcome with post-operative complications in incisional hernias...........

Keywords: Incisional hernia,meshplasty,obesity, Infra Umbilical Midline Incision

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Abstract: Background Polycystic ovarian disorder (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. Most of the symptoms of PCOS are caused by higher-than-normal levels of certain hormones, called androgens. PCOS is associated with a significant elevation of multiple markers of inflammation including CRP, IL-18, MCP-1, and white blood count. Furthermore, PCOS is associated with other derangements associated with inflammation such as increased oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction........

Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), body mass index (BMI), body composition, C-reactive protein (CRP), chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, Inflammatory markers, Cardiovascular disease, Low-density lipoprotein, impaired glucose tolerance, cytokine ratio, hyperandrogenism, adhesion molecules, adipokines, androgen

[1]. Keskin Kurt R, Okyay AG, Hakverdi AU, Gungoren A, Dolapcioglu KS, Karateke A, Dogan MO. The effect of obesity on inflammatory markers in patients with PCOS: a BMI-matched case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Aug;290(2):315-9. doi: 10.1007/s00404-014-3199-3. Epub 2014 Mar 19. PMID: 24643802.
[2]. Moti M, Amini L, MirhoseiniArdakani SS, Kamalzadeh S, Masoomikarimi M, Jafarisani M. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defense system in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med. 2015 Jun;13(6):373-8. PMID: 26330853; PMCID: PMC4555058.
[3]. Rudnicka E, Kunicki M, Suchta K, Machura P, Grymowicz M, Smolarczyk R. Inflammatory Markers in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Mar 4;2020:4092470. doi: 10.1155/2020/4092470. PMID: 32219132; PMCID: PMC7079227.
[4]. Cheng Q, Xia W, Yang S, Ye P, Mei M, Song Y, Luo M, Li Q. Association of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013 Sep;36(8):632-5. doi: 10.1007/BF03346755. PMID: 24105071.
[5]. Oróstica L, Poblete C, Romero C, Vega M. Pro-Inflammatory Markers Negatively Regulate IRS1 in Endometrial Cells and Endometrium from Women with Obesity and PCOS. Reprod Sci. 2020 Jan;27(1):290-300. doi: 10.1007/s43032-019-00026-3. Epub 2020 Jan 6. PMID: 32046436.

Abstract: Resumé Une enquête sur connaissance et attitude de la population de Lubumbashi en République Démocratique du Congo a été réaliséependant deux semaineset 13025réponsesont été reçues et de ces réponses, il ressort que réponse que la population a l'habitude de faire une demande de prescription chez le médecin et le reçoitfavorablement, elle modifie souvent la dose de prescription pourplusieurs raison et cela entraine un non-respect de la durée du traitement. La population a connaissance en grande partie que les antibiotiques sont actifs sur les bactéries etleur prescription permet de........

[1]. Shembo AKP, Musumari PM, Srithanaviboonchai K, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Dalleur O. Une étude qualitative sur l'utilisation communautaire des antibiotiques à Kinshasa, République démocratique du Congo. PLoS One. 2022 ;17(4) : e0267544. Publié le 27 avril 2022. Doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0267544
[2]. Afari-Asiedu S, Oppong FB, Tostmann A, Ali Abdulai M, Boamah-Kaali E, Gyaase S, Agyei O, Kinsman J, Hulscher M, Wertheim HFL, Asante KP. Determinants of Inappropriate Antibiotics Use in Rural Central Ghana Using a Mixed Methods Approach. Front Public Health. 2020 Mar 24 ;8:90. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00090. PMID : 32266200 ; PMCID: PMC7105730.
[3]. Yeika EV, Ingelbeen B, Kemah BL, Wirsiy FS, Fomengia JN, van der Sande MAB. Comparative assessment of the prevalence, practices and factors associated with self-medication with antibiotics in Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2021 Aug;26(8):862-881. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13600. Epub 2021 May 24. PMID: 33942448.
[4]. Simegn W, Moges G. Antibiotics Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors Among Residents in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022 Aug 17; 16:2159-2170. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S370925. PMID: 35999841; PMCID: PMC9393019.
[5]. Amaha MH, Alemu BM, Atomsa GE. Self-medication practice and associated factors among adult community members of Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 28;14(6): e0218772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218772. PMID: 31251745; PMCID: PMC6599130.

Abstract: One of the primary causes of death and disability among adults worldwide is hypertension. It continues to be the predominant risk factor for cerebral, peripheral, and coronary vascular disease. Essential hypertension constitutes more than 90% of the hypertensive cases, defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg(1). In 2000, it was estimated that more than seven million fatalities were attributed to high blood pressure. In India, hypertension is a growing health issue. The byproduct of purine metabolism is uric acid, and elevated serum levels of this compound........

Key words: Uric Acid, Hypertension, Essential hypertension

[1]. Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020 Apr;16(4):223–37.
[2]. Borghi C, Agnoletti D, Cicero AFG, Lurbe E, Virdis A. Uric Acid and Hypertension: a Review of Evidence and Future Perspectives for the Management of Cardiovascular Risk. Hypertension. 2022 Sep;79(9):1927–36.
[3]. Dar WR, Gupta SK, Ahmad A. Serum uric acid levels in essential hypertension and its correlation with the severity of hypertension. Int J Adv Med. 2020 Oct 21;7(11):1738.
[4]. Cho J, Kim C, Kang DR, Park JB. Hyperuricemia and uncontrolled hypertension in treated hypertensive patients: K-MetS Study. Medicine. 2016 Jul;95(28):e4177.
[5]. Suganth NG. Study on Serum Uric Acid levels in Essential Hypertension [Internet] [masters]. Madras Medical College, Chennai; 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 24]. Available from: http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/12019/.

Abstract: Stroke is a serious global health issue. It accounts for over 70% of the illness burden worldwide and is a significant source of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income nations like India. In India, stroke is now the fifth greatest cause of long-term disability and the fourth major cause of death due to an increase in both ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke incidence over the past ten years.(1,2)The different stroke risk factors as well as the variables that affect mortality and act as predictors of mortality have been addressed in earlier studies. A few of these are hyperglycaemia, increased age, type of stroke, and enhanced severity of the stroke. These cannot be modified, making them of little use in clinical practise. It is essential to identify mortality predictors that can be modified so.......

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Abstract: The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland situated in the lower part of front and the sides of the neck. Its main function is regulation of the basal metabolic rate, stimulation of somatic and psychic growth and it also plays an important role in calcium metabolism. The normal thyroid gland is impalpable. Thyroid disorders are the most common among all the endocrine diseases in India(1). Various studies have estimated that 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases. 8.5% population have thyroid nodule(2). Thyroid diseases are different from other diseases in terms of their ease of diagnosis, accessibility of medical treatment, and the relative visibility that even a small swelling of the thyroid offers to the treating physician.........

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Abstract: Introduction: Lubrication is a basic mechanism in musculoskeletal joints andis responsible for smooth friction free movements of the joint. Abnormal lubrication mechanisms are directly related to lubrication failure and the development of osteoarthritis.Goals: Review the literature about lubrication of the temporomandibular joints and discuss lubrication impairment mechanisms. Methods: Using the descriptors "Lubrication, TemporomandibularJoints, Internal derangements, Osteoarthritis", 60 papers were found in the current literature. However, 20 were discarded based on insufficient information to discuss different aspects about biological mechanisms of........

Keywords: Temporomandibular Joints. Internal Derangements. Lubrication. Loading. Osteoarthritis

[1]. Chang CL, Wang DH, Yang MC, Hsu WE, Hsu ML. Functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint: Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joints. KJMS 2018; 34: 223-30.
[2]. Kuroda S, Tanimoto K, Izawa T, Fujihara S, Koolstra JH, Tanaka E. Biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of the mandibular condylar cartilage. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2009; 17; 1408-15.
[3]. Tanaka E. Biomechanical and tribological properties of the temporomandibular joint. Front Oral Maxillofac Med 2021; 3: 1-9.
[4]. Leonardi R, Perrotta RE, Almeida LE, Loreto C, Musumeci G. Lubricin in synovial fluid and severe temporomandibular joint internal derangements. Med Oral Pathol Cir Bucal 2016; 1:793-99.
[5]. Heleno OS, Serafim MD, Heleno T, Barbosa CCN, Barbosa O. Degenerative diseases of temporomandibular joint: Case report. Braz J Surg Clin Res 2018;23: 67-71..

Abstract: Introduction:Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs), are considered by many as disturbances etiologically related to psychological or psychiatric disorders. However, the information about frequency and types of headaches and their relationship to dissociationis very scarce.Goals:Evaluate frequency of headache and frequency of the commonest types of headachesin subjects with Craniomandibular Disorders and Dissociation. Methods:Seventy-three clinical records of Craniomandibular Disorder and bruxing behavior subjects with dissociation, 42 from individuals with Craniomandibular Disorders and very low scores in dissociation and 37 from subjects with no Craniomandibular Disorders and no dissociation were retrieved consecutively and reevaluated retrospectively regarding headache type. History of the chief complain, manual palpation of muscles and joints, diagnosis.......

Key Words: Craniomandibular Disorders, Headache. Tension-Type Headache. Migraine. Dissociation

[1]. Molina OF, Rank R, Ogawa WN, Simiao BR, Rezende JE, Marcal R, Abreu CM.Jutting the jaw forward in different stages of temporomandibular joint internal Derangements: A multiple comparison study. IOSR J Dent Med Sci 2020; 19: 32-38.
[2]. Canto G, Singh V, Bigal M, Major PW, Mir CF. Association between tension-type headache and migraine with sleep bruxism: A systematic review. J Head Face Pain 2014; 54: 1-10.
[3]. Gerwin RD, Dommerholt J. Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. CRC Press 2002; 2002: 235-49.
[4]. Franco AL, Goncalves DA, Speciali JG, Bigal ME, Camparis CM. Migraine is the most prevalent headache in individuals with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain 2010; 24: 287-92.
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Abstract: Introduction: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a neurological alteration occurring during REM sleep and characterized by loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia. Little is known about this disorder in Craniomandibular Disorder subjects with Bruxing Behavior.Goals: Evaluate frequency of REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) in Craniomandibular Disorder with Bruxing behavior subjects and in no CMDs with/without bruxing behavior, assess the frequency RBD related behaviors, evaluate the frequency of bruxing behavior in pooled RBD subjects and in pooled no RBD subjects.Methods: Subjects recently and consecutively referred to a University based facility and to a........

Key Words: Bruxism. REM Behavior Disorder. Craniomandibular Disorders. REM sleep

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[5]. Pham CK, Slowik JM. Rapid Eyes Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. StatPearls Publishing 2021; January: 1-10.