iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Background: Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is broadly classified into two types based on duration into acute and chronic . Acute or fulminant invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a life threatening disease present usually in immunocompromised patients with impaired neutrophilic response . This condition is characterized by presence of hyphal invasion of sinus tissue and a time course of less than 4 weeks [1] [2]. Chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a slow destructive disease with a time course of more than 12 weeks duration. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study . Regardless of...........

Keywords: Invasive fungal sinusitis , COVID – 19

[1]. Definitions of fungal rhinosinusitis. Ferguson BJ ; Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 01 Apr 2000, 33(2):227-235 [2]. Fungal rhinosinusitis†; A categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies Arunaloke Chakrabarti MD, David W. Denning FRCP, FRCPATH, Berrylin J. Ferguson MD
[3]. An algorithmic approach to the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in the immunocompromised patient ; BoydGillespieMD1Bert W.O'MalleyMD2
[4]. Fungal Sinusitis ; Richard D. deShazo, M.D., Kimberle Chapin, M.D., and Ronnie E. Swain, M.D.
[5]. Fungal disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses ; George R.ThompsonIIIMDabThomas F.PattersonMD.

Abstract: Biclonal gammopathies are characterized by simultaneous production of two different monoclonal proteins. They are rare disease entities and represent only 1-5% of all gammopathies. The composition of the monoclonal proteins can vary and combinations of IgG-IgA, IgG-IgM, IgA-IgA with kappa and lambda chains have been reported in literature. Here we report one such atypical case of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy corresponding to IgG-IgA/Lambda.

Key Words: Multiple Myeloma, Biclonal Gammopathy, Serum Protein Electrophoresis, Serum Immunofixation electrophoresis.

[1]. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2016;66:7–30.
[2]. Leung N. Chapter 8: Clinical Tests for Monoclonal Proteins. In: Onco-Nephrology Curriculum. American Society of Nephrology; 2016.
[3]. Munshi NC, Longo DN, Anderson KC. Plasma cell disorders. In:Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 19th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2015.
[4]. Kyle RA, Robinson RA, Katzmann JA. The clinical aspects of biclonal gammopathies. Review of 57 cases. Am J Med. 1981;71:999–1008.
[5]. Kim NY, Gong SJ,Kim J, Youn SM, Lee JA. Multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy accompanied by prostate cancer. Korean J Lab Med. 2011;31(4):285–89..

Abstract: BACKGROUND Gallbladder carcinomas are common in North-East, India. Ki67 expression has shown good correlation with dyplastic and malignant gallbladder. However, with conflicting results. We aimed to assess the expression and clinicopathological association of Ki67 in biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BillN) and carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS It was a hospital based cross-sectional study and was carried out on all gallbladder BillN and carcinoma specimens received in one year from July 2020 to June 2021 in a tertiary care institute.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0.RESULTSKi67 expression progressively increased with significant statistical association.....

Keywords: Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BillN), Gallbladder carcinoma, Ki67 expression

[1]. GLOBOCAN 2020: India Factsheet 2021. Available from: URL:https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations /356-india-fact-sheets.pdf. [Accessed on 10th October 2021]
[2]. Saikia C, Pathak D, Saikia P, Dutta U. Trend analysis of gallbladder cancer for Dibrugarh district, Assam, during the period of 2003-2016. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology 2021.
[3]. Klimstra DS, Lam AK, Paradis V, Schirmacher P. In: The WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, editor. WHO classification of tumours digestive system tumours. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2019.p. 266-94
[4]. Singh AK, Choudhary V, Goel MM, Gupta V, Agarwal P, Makkar A. et al. Ki-67 expression in premalignant and malignant lesions ofgallbladder. Journal of medical science and clinical research 2017;5(5):21528-34. [5]. Ojha A, Agrawal T, Gupta S, Singh P, Agarwal A. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 in gallbladder cancer. Indian journal of pathology and oncology 2018;5(2):173-7.

Abstract: Background:The study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of BacT/Alert 3D automated culture system (BAS) using FA plusaerobic culture bottles for recovery of aerobic bacteria from bodyfluids other than blood. Material and methods: A total of 250 body fluid samples were processed for culture by conventional Culture method (CM) and by BAS system using FA Plus aerobic culture bottles. Isolates were identified by standard bacteriological methods and Vitek 2 Compact system. The mean time to detection was calculated for the BAS. The turnaround time was calculated for both the culture methods. Result:Out of 250 body........

KEY WORDS: BacT/ Alert, body fluids, mean time to detection, turnaround time

[1]. Lakshmi V. Culture of body fluids using the bact/alert system. Indian J Med Microbiol 2001;19:44-50
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[5]. Bourbeau P, Riley J, Heiter BJ, Master R, Young C, Pierson C. Use of the BacT/Alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36(11): 3273-3277.

Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is known to cause changes in the LV that impact negatively on the LA both structurally and functionally posing clinically significant risk to patients. LA size assessment until recently was limited to determination of LA linear diameter and much has not been elucidated with respect to left atrial volume (indices),age, BMI and cardiac indices as surrogates for LA and cardiac function. It is therefore important to see how LA indices(size,linear diameter and volume),age,BMI and cardiac indices relate to LV diastolic function among hypertensive subjects. Objectives: To compare age,BMI and left atria indices within various left ventricular function/dysfunction among hypertensive and controls........

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[3]. Imanishi J, Tanaka H, Sawa T, Motoji Y, Miyoshi T, Mochizuki Y, et al. Left atrial booster-pump function as a predictive parameter for new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with severe aortic stenosis. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2014;30(2):pp 295-304.
[4]. Manning WJ, Silverman DI, Katz SE, Riley MF, Come PC, Doherty RM, et al. Impaired left atrial mechanical function after cardioversion: relation to the duration of atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1994 Jun;23(7):1535-40. PubMed PMID: 8195510.
[5]. Appleton CP. Hemodynamic determinants of Doppler pulmonary venous flow velocity components: new insights from studies in lightly sedated normal dogs. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1997 Nov 15;30(6):1562-74. PubMed PMID: 9362417..

Abstract: Introduction: The bacteriological confirmation isthe diagnostical basis of tuberculosis. Bronchoscopy has been found to be useful in diagnosing suspected TB pulmonary suspects who do not have sputum or negative BK directly. Material and methods: Prospective study in 167 tuberculosis patients, who during the hospitalization have resulted negative in the examination of BK sputum directly. In all patients, fiberopticbronchoscopic examination was performed accompanied by examination of selective bronchial lavage for BK directly and culture as well as the diagnostic result of the procedure and the type of material were evaluated.........

Keywords: fiberoptic bronchoscopy, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial lavage, direct BK, BK culture

[1]. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in Sputum Smer Negative Tuberculosis Patiets, Saif Quaiser et al.2015
[2]. Ndroqi Sh. dhebp, Tuberkulozi, tekstmësimor, Tirane1977
[3]. H. Hafizi, J. Bushati. 2009. Tuberkulozi. Tekstmesimor. Tiranë 2009
[4]. Data are as reported to WHO. Estimates of TB and MDR-TB burden are produced by WHO in consultation with countries. Generated: 2016-03-29
[5]. Ministria e Shendetesise,Programi Kombetar i Kontrollit të TB. Plani strategjik i kontrollit te TB ne Shqiperi. Ky publikim u finacua nga zyra lokale e OBSH neTirane, Shqiperi.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of cells as malignant or benign reactive mesothelial cells in serous effusions is a day to day diagnostic problem. Identification of these cells as benign or malignant is a diagnostic primary purpose of evaluation. Clinical history when taken into account while evaluating effusions can avoid inaccuratediagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a prospective type of study. A total of 232 cases of serous effusions were cytologically evaluated following detailed history taking and clinical examination. Out of 232 cases all cases of benign and malignant effusions were segregated and categorized according to age, sex and site (peritoneal or pleural), based on The International System for Reporting Serous Effusions(TIS).........

[1]. Naib ZM.Exfoliative Cytopathology.4th ed Boston Toronto: Little Brown and Co1996279-310.
[2]. Bharat Wadha, Alok Mohan, Anil K. Agarwal: A study of malignant serous effusions in a tertiary teaching hospital in western Uttar Pradesh: Indian J Pathol Oncol 2016;3(2);276-280
[3]. Ramesh Dhakhwa,Shreya Sapkota, Anju Maharjan: Malignant Serous Effusions among Hospital In-patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study: J Nepal Med Assoc 2022;60(246):167-70
[4]. Sears D, Hajdu SI: The cytological diagnosis of malignant neoplasms in pleural and peritoneal effusions: Acta Cytol.1987 Mar-Apr;31(2):85-97
[5]. Mahajan S, Awasthi S, Dutta S. Cytological Diagnosis of Serous Effusions by Using Comparative Approach of Routine Staining and Cytospin Technique. Ann. Int. Med. Den. Res. 2017; 3(4):46–51

Abstract: Introduction: Early cholecystectomy is advocated in gallstone induced mild pancreatitis over interval cholecystectomy, to reduce the recurrent attacks of pancreatitis. This study was done to assess the outcomes of early cholecystectomy and interval cholecystectomy in gallstone induced mild pancreatitis.Material and Methods: Thirty patients of gallstone induced pancreatitis were included in the study. Out of which Group 1 had 15 patients, who underwent early cholecystectomy, i.e., cholecystectomy within same admission. Remaining 15 patients in Group 2 underwent interval cholecystectomy i.e., cholecystectomy after 6 weeks of subsiding of initial attack of pancreatitis.........

Keywords: Early cholecystectomy, interval Cholecystectomy, gallstone pancreatitis, recurrent pancreatitis, operative time.

[1]. Li, C., Jiang, M., Pan, C., Li, J., and Xu, L. (2021). The global, regional, and national burden of acute pancreatitis in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019. BMC Gastroenterology, 21(1), 1-12.
[2]. Zilio, M. B., Eyff, T. F., Azeredo-Da-Silva, A. L., Bersch, V. P., and; Osvaldt, A. B. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiology of acute pancreatitis. HPB, 21(3), 259-267.
[3]. Boshnaq, M. H., Merali, N., El Abbassy, I. H., Eldesouky, S. A., and; Rabie, M. A. (2016). Financial burden secondary to delay in cholecystectomy following mild biliary pancreatitis. Journal of Investigative Surgery, 30(3), 170-176.
[4]. Noaman, A., Choudhary, M., and Suman, B. (2021). Outcomes of early versus delayed cholecystectomy in patients with mild to moderate acute biliary pancreatitis: A randomised prospective study. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 8(4), 1860-1867.
[5]. Al-Aziz El Sayed, M. A., Zidan, A. M., El Sherbiny, A., Abdndu, M. E. (2021). Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in mild acute biliary pancreatitis. A comparative study. Asian Journal of Surgery, 44(7), 1026-1030.

Abstract: Nocardiosis is a rare infection that is often difficult to treat and may be life-threatening. There is no consensus on its management.Nocardiosis, a primarily opportunistic infection which may occur in immunocompetent persons, most commonly involves the lungs and frequently disseminates to other sites including the central nervous system. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the preferred agent for initial therapy, because Nocardia is very often susceptible to this agent, and because it has been the keystone of nocardiosis treatment for years. Linezolid, to which Nocardia is almost always susceptible, may be an alternative........

Key Words: Immunocompetent, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia

[1]. Martinez R., Reyes S., Menendez R. Pulmonary nocardiosis: risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and prognosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008;14(3):219–227. [2]. Schlaberg R., Huard R.C., Della-Latta P. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, an emerging pathogen in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(1):265–273. [3]. Young L.S., Rubin R.H. Mycobacterial and nocardial diseases in the compromised host. In: Rubin R.H., Young L.S., editors. A Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host. 4th ed. Kluwer Academic; New York, NY: 2002. pp. 257–261. [4]. Stack W.A., Richardson P.D., Logan R.P., Mahida Y.R., Hawkey C.J. Nocardia asteroides lung abscess in acute ulcerative colitis treated with cyclosporine. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(7):2255–2256 [5]. Martinez Tomas R., Menendez Villanueva R., Reyes Calzada S. Pulmonary nocardiosis: risk factors and outcomes. Respirology. 2007;12(3):394–400.

Abstract: Background: Cataract and glaucoma are the two common blinding diseases. Surgical management of a patient with coexisting cataract and glaucoma has been a subject of debate for decades (Greve, 1987).1,2Glaucoma surgery is usually deferred until medical therapy fails to achieve target intraocular pressure.2 This study aims to determine the changes in intraocular pressure following uncomplicated manual small incision cataract surgery in patients presenting to a tertiary health care institute for cataract surgery. As of date, there are no studies on IOP variation following MSICS in South Indian population. In this study, we summarise the evidence available on effects of cataract surgery on intraocular pressure.........

Key Word: Intraocular pressure changes, manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS)

[1]. Kato Y, Nakakura S, Asaoka R, Matsuya K, Fujio Y, Kiuchi Y, et al. Cataract surgery causes biomechanical alterations to the eye detectable by Corvis ST tonometry. Wedrich A, editor. PLOS ONE. 2017 Feb 21;12(2):e0171941.
[2]. Browning AC, Alwitry A, Hamilton R, Rotchford A, Bhan A, Amoaku WM. Role of intraocular pressure measurement on the day of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002 Sep;28(9):1601–6.
[3]. Gupta A, Vernon SA. Is the 1-day postoperative IOP check needed post uncomplicated phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension? Eye. 2015 Oct;29(10):1299–307.
[4]. Yang HS, Lee J, Choi S. Ocular Biometric Parameters Associated With Intraocular Pressure Reduction After Cataract Surgery in Normal Eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;156(1):89-94.e1.
[5]. Coh P, Moghimi S, Chen RI, Hsu C-H, Masís Solano M, Porco T, et al. Lens Position Parameters as Predictors of Intraocular Pressure Reduction After Cataract Surgery in Glaucomatous Versus Nonglaucomatous Eyes. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2016 May 10;57(6):2593.

Abstract: Background: Vision is one of the most important special senses. They contribute greatly to one's learning capacities right from childhood. The control of blindness in children is considered a high priority within the World Health Organization -WHO VISION 2020 --The Right to Sight program. Most of the causes of blindness in children are either preventable or treatable. Corneal and lenticular conditions are the predominant causes of blindness in most of the available studies, whereas, among children outside blind schools, refractive errors are important causes of visual impairment and blindness. Vision screening in school children is an effective tool useful in detecting causes of decreased vision, especially refractive errors and in minimizing long-term visual disability. Refractive errors along with Vit........

Key words: school going children, ocular morbidity, preventable causes, screening,rural area.

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