iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2023

Abstract: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a syndromic group of neurodegenerative diseases that have a particular tropism for the brain structures that implement language. By definition, the language impairment remains largely isolated for at least two years, before spreading, in most cases, to other cognitive functions such as executive processes, memory, praxis, or behavioral control. It was classified into three types: fluent (semantic), non-fluent, and logopenic. The logopenic variant is the least common one, characterized by slow word retrieval, impaired sentence repetition, and frequent word-finding pauses. On the other hand, motor speech, grammar, and single-word comprehension are often spared. Although logopenic PPA is diagnosed clinically, most cases share an underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in comparison to the other two variants that are closely related to frontotemporal dementia (FTD)............

Keywords: Primary progressive aphasia, Logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia, Alzheimer's disease

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[3]. Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, Kertesz A, Mendez M, Cappa SF, Ogar JM. 2011. Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology ., 76: 1006-1014.
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Abstract: Ocular presentations of coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV2) are varied, though infrequent. A 46-year old SARS-CoV2 positive female, an uncontrolled diabetic presented with sudden onset loss of vision in the right eye with complete ptosis and low-grade fever for two days. She has no perception of light in the right eye, with proptosis, chemosis and total external ophthalmoplegia. The pupil was fixed, mid-dilated and unresponsive to both direct and consensual light reflexes. This painted a picture of Orbital Apex Syndrome (OAS). Fundus examination revealed a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)........

Key Words: Orbital Apex Syndrome. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. Coronavirus. COVID.

[1]. Sen M, Honavar S, Sharma N, Sachdev M. COVID-19 and Eye: A Review of Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(3):488.
[2]. Sen M, Lahane S, Lahane T, Parekh R, Honavar S. Mucor in a Viral Land: A Tale of Two Pathogens. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(2):244.
[3]. Bavikar P, Mehta V. Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis: A Fatal Complication of Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus [Internet]. 2017 Nov 13 [cited 2021 May 26]; Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/9728-rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis-a-fatal-complication-of-uncontrolled-diabetes-mellitus
[4]. Douglas KAA, Douglas VP, Moschos MM. Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Critical Review of Current Literature. In Vivo. 2020;34(3 suppl):1619–28.
[5]. Goyal M, Murthy S, Annum S. Retinal manifestations in patients following COVID-19 infection: A consecutive case series. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(5):1275.

Abstract: Background: Cassava tuber crop is a staple food in Nigeria andis utilized in various forms such as garri. Cassava root contains linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside that is easily hydrolyzed to release cyanide which is toxic to most body tissues especially the nervous system sometimes leading to optic neuropathy and visual impairment. Cyanide has been shown to cause oxidative stress and damage in a number of biological systems. Aim: The aim of is this study is to find out the dynamics of the oxidative markers implicated in optic neuropathy induced by high-cyanide garri feedsin Wistar albino rats. Methodology: 27 Wistar Albino Rats were studied between March and June 2022. The rats were divided into 8 experimental and control groups of 3.......

Key Words: Oxidative stress markers, Cyanide in garri, Wistar Albino rats

[1]. Dixon, A.G.O., Okechukwu, R.U., Akoroda, M.O., Ilona, P. et al. (2010). Improved Cassava Variety Handbook.IITA Integrated Cassava Project, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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[3]. Nigerian Industrial Standards for cassava and cassava products:181.2004
[4]. Kadiri, H.E., Okoro,I.O.,Ichipi-Ifukor, P.(2020).Tetrapleura Tetraptera Fruit Protectsagainst Cyanide Induced Toxicity in Rats.Iraqi Journal of Science; 61(10):2504-2514.
[5]. Tulsawani, R.K., Debnath, M., Pant, S.C., Kumar,O., Prakash, A.O., Vijayaraghavan, R., Bhattacharya,R. (2005). Effect of sub-acute oral cyanide administration in rats: Protective efficacy of alpha-ketoglutarate and sodium thiosulphate. Chemico-Biological Interactions; 156(1): 1-12..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility and endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. It is characterised by various metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of lifestyle modifications in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODOLOGY: The study was done enrolling 50 women of age 20-30 years with PCOS selected by Simple Random sampling who received lifestyle modifications broadly comprising modifications of diet and/or physical activity. The study was conducted at RHTC, Vutoor........

Key Words: PCOS, Lifestyle Modification, Obesity, Exercise, Diet.

[1]. Zeng X, Xie YJ, Liu YT, Long SL, Mo ZC. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Correlation Between Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Clin Chim Acta (2020) 502:214–21. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.003
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[5]. Hoeger, K.M.; Dokras, A.; Piltonen, T. Update on PCOS: Consequences, challenges, and guiding treatment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020, 106, e1071–e1083. [CrossRef][PubMed].

Abstract: Background: Pandemic COVID-19 massively affected the globe health wise and in every other possible aspects of life and many studies have been already published, representing only tip of the iceberg and a lot is still in discovery mode. It is a highly communicable disease which primarily enters human through respiratory system but it can affect any system. As this virus is continuously multiplying and new strains are rapidly emerging, a combat against the elimination of this virus in body is visible in morphology of WBC and is of prognostic implication........

Key Words: COVID-19, WBC morphology, reactive lymphocytes, activated monocyte, neutrophil with distorted nucleus and survival outcome.

[1]. Bi Q, Wu Y, Mei S, Ye C, Zou X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wei L, Truelove SA, Zhang T, Gao W. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2020 Aug 1;20(8):911-9.
[2]. Hou YJ, Okuda K, Edwards CE, Martinez DR, Asakura T, Dinnon III KH, Kato T, Lee RE, Yount BL, Mascenik TM, Chen G. SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract. Cell. 2020 Jul 23;182(2):429-46.
[3]. Jose RJ, Manuel A. COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020 Jun 1;8(6):e46-7.
[4]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Yu T. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):507-13.

Abstract: Growth Failure is increasingly being recognized in under-6-month infant. As per estimates, approximately 4.7 million U6M infants worldwide are moderately wasted and 3.8 million are severely wasted. In India, secondary data analysis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) has revealed high prevalence of wasting and severe wasting in U6M infants. The MAMI approach was created in response to the high numbers of infants u6m who fail to survive and thrive due to a lack of nutrition and of health services equipped to support them. These infants are at higher risk of sickness, death, and poor development.......

[1]. Burrell, Barthorp, 2020 GOAL's experiences of management of at-risk mothers and infants under six months (MAMI) in Ethiopia. Field Exchange - Emergency Nutrition Network ENN
[2]. Kueter, A M Burrell, Butler, Sarwar, 2018 Piloting the C-MAMI approach in the Rohingya response in Bangladesh. Special Section on MAMI: Management of at risk mothers and infants under six months.
[3]. Butler, Connell, N Barthorp, 2018 C-MAMI tool evaluation: learnings from Bangladesh and Ethiopia. Special Section on MAMI: Management of at risk mothers and infants under six months.
[4]. Read, S 2017 Improving community management of uncomplicated acute malnutrition in infants under six months (C-MAMI): developing a checklist version of the C-MAMI tool.
[5]. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/mami-care-pathway-package-version-30

Abstract: BACKGROUND Hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM) is conductive in nature,but some patients present with an additive sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL) also,which has been attributed to damage of the inner ear. Thus,this study aims to evaluate the association between CSOM AND SNHL and to establish a relation of SNHL with CSOM duration,socioeconomic status and age of patient. METHODS It is a prospective study,conducted in our institute National Institute of Medical Sciences(NIMS), Jaipur from January 2021 to June 2022........

[1]. Watkinson JC, Clarke RW, editors. Scott-brown's otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery: Volume 2: Paediatrics, the ear, and skull base surgery. 8th ed. London, England: Routledge; 2018.
[2]. Jassar P, Murray P, Wabnitz D, Heldreich C. The posterior attic: an observational study of aboriginal Australians with chronic otitis media (COM) and a theory relating to the low incidence of cholesteatomatous otitis media versus the high rate of mucosal otitis media. Int J PediatrOtorhinolaryngol 2006; 70: 165–7.
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[5]. Bezold F. Perforation of Shrapnell's membrane and occlusion of the tubes: an aetiological study. Arch Otolaryngology 1890; 19: 232–54.

Abstract: Background: Tumors of the neck are interesting to surgeons especially because of the complex neck anatomy and difficult differential diagnosis. Different types of neck masses are thyroid swellings, salivary glands swellings ,thyroglossal cysts, branchial cysts , lymphangioma and also the miscellaneous and rare lumps in the neck. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple,quick and cost effective method to sample superficial masses found in the neck. Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study, conducted at our institute National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur from January 2021 to June 2022 for a duration of 18 months. All Patients will be evaluated starting with clinical history and examinations followed by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Results: A total of 50 patients......

Key Words: Anterior neck swellings , FNAC , Surgical management.

[1]. Soni S, Pippal SK, Yashveer B, Srivastava P. Efficacy of fine needle aspiration in diagnosis of neck masses World articles of Ear Nose and Throat.
[2]. Chitumalla PK. Study of cervical lymphadenitis, correlation between clinical features, FNAC and histopathology of cervical lymphadenitis. Int J Contemporary Med Res. 2016;3(8):2231-4.
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[4]. Beahrs OH, Barber Jr KW. The value of radical dissection of structure of the neck in the management of carcinoma of lip, mouth and larynx. Archive surgery1962;85:49-56.
[5]. Feinmesser R, Freeman JL, Noyek AM, Birt BD. Metastatic neck disease. Archives of otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 1987;113:1307-10

Abstract: Background A satisfactory result of tympanoplasty for CSOM patients is achieved by doing pre-operative test of eustachian tube function. Three main functions of eustachian tube are ventilation and regulation of middle ear pressure, middle ear clearance of secretions, and protection against nasopharyngeal sound pressure and reflux of nasopharyngeal secretions. AIMS: To determine eustachian tube function in chronic suppurative otitis media and to assess the success rate of tympanoplasty in relation to the eustachian tube function. METHODOLOGY: It is a prospective longitudinal study, patients of 10- 60 years of age groups with features of chronic suppurative otitis media were included in the study. The total number of study subjects included in our study were 90 patients......

[1]. Watkinson JC, Clarke RW, editors. Scott-brown‟s otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery: Volume 2: Paediatrics, the ear, and skull base surgery. 8th ed. London, England: Routledge; 2018.
[2]. Bluestone CD. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of chronic suppurative otitis media: implications for prevention and treatment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 42: 207–23.
[3]. Daly K, Hunter L, Giebank G. Chronic otitis media with effusion. Paediatr Rev 1999; 20: 85–94.
[4]. Acuin J. World Health Organization. Chronic suppurative otitis media: Burden of illness and management options. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004.
[5]. Monasta L, Ronfani L, Marchetti F, et al. Burden of disease caused by otitis media: systematic review and global estimates. PLoS One 2012; 7: e36226..

Abstract: Background: Breast tumors are most frequent tumors in females. Breast tumors are second main reason of death due to carcinoma in females.Sonomammography a digital technique has helped in early diagnosis of breast lesions for many years. Fine needle aspiration cytology, a patient approach technique has been a contentious topic in the detection of cancer. After a suspicious diagnosis surgical excision done and treatment is given based on histopathological examination. So, the study aimed to correlate the cytological and radiological findings of breast lesions with histopathological findings to find out efficacy of FNAC........

Key Words: Breast lesions, Cytology, Radiology, Histopathology, FNAC

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